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Gallium oxide cantilevered thin film-based solar-blind photodetector and its arc detection applications

Zhang Yu Liu Rui-Wen Zhang Jing-Yang Jiao Bin-Bin Wang Ru-Zhi

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Gallium oxide cantilevered thin film-based solar-blind photodetector and its arc detection applications

Zhang Yu, Liu Rui-Wen, Zhang Jing-Yang, Jiao Bin-Bin, Wang Ru-Zhi
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  • The performance of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin film detector based on metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) is highly dependent on the uniformity of the Ga2O3 thin film, and the manufacturing process is quite sophisticated, which poses a challenge for the scale-up and mass production of thin film photodetectors. In this work, an MSM Ga2O3 thin film solar-blind photodetector with five-finger interdigital electrodes is fabricated by physically depositing Ga2O3 thin film on the surface of a mass-produced cantilevered thin film chip. Through the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) process, the cantilever electrode structure is prepared, which protects the internal circuit and the integrity of the thin film. The Ga2O3 thin film treated by argon plasma at a low temperature is amorphous, but the photodetector still possesses considerable ultraviolet detection performance. At a bias voltage of 18 V, it approaches the detection performance of crystalline Ga2O3 thin film, with a detectivity of 7.9×1010 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of 1779%, rise time and decay time of 1.22 s and 0.24 s, respectively. Moreover, a system of arc detection is built in outdoor environments. Without any optical focusing system, this photodetector achieves sensitive detection of pulsed arc in an outdoor sunlight environments. For pulsed arcs with an output voltage of 100 kV, the photodetector is capable of sensitive detection at a distance of 25 cm. Besides, the maximum detection distance of 155 cm indicates that the photodetector will have a favorable potential application value in the field of solar-blind detection. This work develops a sensitive functional thin film deposition technology based on the cantilever electrode structure fabricated by the MEMS process, which avoids the influence of the large-area uniformity of the functional thin film on the etching circuit. It provides a new technical approach and process route for preparing MSM photodetectors.
      Corresponding author: Wang Ru-Zhi, wrz@bjut.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3500403).
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    Xie C, Lu X T, Tong X W, Zhang Z X, Liang F X, Liang L, Luo L B, Wu Y C 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1806006Google Scholar

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    Chen M X, Zhao B, Hu G F, Fang X S, Wang H, Wang L, Luo J, Han X, Wang X D, Pan C F, Wang Z L 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1706379Google Scholar

    [4]

    Sheoran H, Kumar V, Singh R 2022 ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 4 2589Google Scholar

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    Yan Z Y, Li S, Liu Z, Zhi Y S, Dai J, Sun X Y, Sun S Y, Guo D Y, Wang X, Li P G, Wu Z P, Li L L, Tang W H 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 4502Google Scholar

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    Yan Z Y, Li S, Liu Z, Liu W J, Qiao F, Li P G, Tang X, Li X H, Yue J Y, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2022 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 28 3803208Google Scholar

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    Liu Z, Li S, Yan Z Y, Liu Y Y, Zhi Y S, Wang X, Wu Z P, Li P G, Tang W H 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 5071Google Scholar

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    Yan Z Y, Li S, Yue J Y, Liu Z, Ji X Q, Yang Y, Li P G, Wu Z P, Guo Y, Tang W H 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 57619Google Scholar

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    Li S, Guo D Y, Li P G, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan Z Y, Liu Z, Zhi Y S, Huang Y, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 35105Google Scholar

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    Li S, Zhi Y S, Lu C, Wu C, Yan Z Y, Liu Z, Yang J, Chu X, Guo D Y, Li P G, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2021 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 12 447Google Scholar

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    Fu S, Wang Y, Gao C, Han Y, Fu R, Wang L, Li B, Ma J, Fu Z, Xu H, Liu Y 2023 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 44 1428Google Scholar

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    Li X, Xu F, Wang X, Luo J, Ding K, Ye L, Li H, Xiong Y, Yu P, Kong C, Ye L, Zhang H, Li W 2023 Phys. Status Solidi RRL DOI:10.1002/pssr.202200512

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    王江, 罗林保 2021 中国激光 48 7Google Scholar

    Wang J, Luo L B 2021 Chin. J. Lasers 48 7Google Scholar

    [14]

    Gao C, Wang Y, Fu S, Xia D, Han Y, Ma J, Xu H, Li B, Shen A, Liu Y 2023 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15 38612Google Scholar

    [15]

    刘增, 李磊, 支钰崧, 都灵, 方君鹏, 李山, 余建刚, 张茂林, 杨莉莉, 张少辉, 郭宇锋, 唐为华 2022 71 208501Google Scholar

    Liu Z, Li L, Zhi Y S, Du L, Fang J P, Li S, Yu J G, Zhang M L, Yang L L, Zhang S H, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 208501Google Scholar

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    Ni S, Chen Q, Liu J, Yang S, Li T, Yang X, Zhao J 2019 J. Power Sources 433 126681Google Scholar

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    Prabakar K, Venkatachalam S, Jeyachandran Y L, Narayandass S K, Mangalaraj D 2004 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 107 99Google Scholar

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    Onuma T, Saito S, Sasaki K, Masui T, Yamaguchi T, Honda T, Higashiwaki M 2015 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54 112601Google Scholar

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    Li S, Yue J Y, Ji X Q, Lu C, Yan Z Y, Li P G, Guo D Y, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 5437Google Scholar

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    Chen Y C, Lu Y J, Liao M Y, Tian Y Z, Liu Q, Gao C J, Yang X, Shan C X 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1906040Google Scholar

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    Chen Y C, Lu Y J, Liu Q, Lin C N, Guo J, Zang J H, Tian Y Z, Shan C X 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 2557Google Scholar

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    Zhi Y S, Liu Z, Zhang S H, Li S, Yan Z Y, Li P G, Tang W H 2021 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 68 3435Google Scholar

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    Lu Y C, Zhang Z F, Yang X, He G H, Lin C N, Chen X X, Zang J H, Zhao W B, Chen Y C, Zhang L L, Li Y Z, Shan C X 2022 Nano Res. 15 7631Google Scholar

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    Pearton S J, Yang J, Cary P H, Ren F, Kim J, Tadjer M J, Mastro M A 2018 Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 011301Google Scholar

    [25]

    Yang C, Liang H, Zhang Z, Xia X, Tao P, Chen Y, Zhang H, Shen R, Luo Y, Du G 2018 RSC Adv. 8 6341Google Scholar

    [26]

    Arora K, Goel N, Kumar M, Kumar M 2018 ACS Photonics 5 2391Google Scholar

    [27]

    Sun P, Yang X, Li K, Wei Z, Fan W, Wang S, Zhou W, Shan C 2023 Adv. Mater. Interfaces DOI: 10.1002/admi.202300371

    [28]

    Xu R, Ma X, Chen Y, Mei Y, Ying L, Zhang B, Long H 2022 Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 144 106621Google Scholar

    [29]

    He M, Zeng Q, Ye L 2023 Crystals 13 1434Google Scholar

    [30]

    Zhang C, Liu K, Ai Q, Huang X, Chen X, Zhu Y, Yang J, Cheng Z, Li B, Liu L, Shen D 2022 J. Phys. Chem. C 126 21839Google Scholar

    [31]

    Kufer D, Nikitskiy I, Lasanta T, Navickaite G, Koppens F H, Konstantatos G 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 176Google Scholar

    [32]

    况丹, 徐爽, 史大为, 郭建, 喻志农 2023 72 038501Google Scholar

    Kuang D, Xu S, Shi D W, Guo J, Yu Z N 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 038501Google Scholar

    [33]

    Yu J, Lou J, Wang Z, Ji S, Chen J, Yu M, Peng B, Hu Y, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Jia R 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 872 159508Google Scholar

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    Gu K Y, Zhang Z L, Huang H F, Tang K, Huang J, Liao M Y, Wang L J 2023 J. Mater. Chem. C 11 5371Google Scholar

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    落巨鑫, 高红丽, 邓金祥, 任家辉, 张庆, 李瑞东, 孟雪 2023 72 028502Google Scholar

    Luo J X, Gao H L, Deng J X, Ren J H, Zhang Q, Li R D, Meng X 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 028502Google Scholar

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    Xi Z Y, Yang L L, Shu L C, Zhang M L, Li S, Shi L, Liu Z, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 088502Google Scholar

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    Wang J, Xiong Y, Ye L, Li W, Qin G, Ruan H, Zhang H, Fang L, Kong C, Li H 2021 Opt. Mater. 112 110808Google Scholar

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    Ren Q, Xu W, Shen Z, You T, Liu Q, Liu C, Zhao L, Chen L, Yu W 2020 ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3 451Google Scholar

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    Almaev A, Nikolaev V, Kopyev V, Shapenkov S, Yakovlev N, Kushnarev B, Pechnikov A, Deng J, Izaak T, Chikiryaka À, Scheglov M, Zarichny A 2023 IEEE Sens. J. 23 19245Google Scholar

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    Zhang M, Ma W, Li S, Yang L, Liu Z, Guo Y, Tang W H 2023 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 70 2336Google Scholar

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    Liu Z, Zhi Y S, Zhang M L, Yang L L, Li S, Yan Z Y, Zhang S H, Guo D Y, Li P G, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 088503Google Scholar

  • 图 1  Ga2O3薄膜的(a) XRD图谱、(b) SEM图像、(c) EDS图谱、(d) XPS能谱、(e) Ga 2p能谱、(f) AFM图谱和(g) 光吸收曲线; 图(g)插图显示了$ (\alpha h\nu {)}^{2} $与$ h\nu $的光学带隙图.

    Figure 1.  (a) XRD pattern, (b) SEM image, (c) EDS pattern, (d) XPS energy spectrum, (e) Ga 2p spectrum, (f) AFM pattern, (g) optical absorption curve of Ga2O3 thin film. The inset in panel (g) shows the curve of $ (\alpha h\nu {)}^{2} $ versus $ h\nu $ for the determination of the optical band gap of Ga2O3 thin film.

    图 2  (a) Ga2O3薄膜探测器的实物照片; (b) 悬臂式薄膜芯片的结构示意图; (c) 图(b)红色框中的叉指电极SEM图像; (d) 图(b)红色框中叉指电极的详细结构示意图

    Figure 2.  (a) Physical photograph of Ga2O3 thin film-based photodetector; (b) schematic of the structure of the cantilevered thin film chip; (c) the SEM image of interdigital electrodes in the red box in panel (b); (d) the detailed schematic structure of interdigital electrodes in the red box in panel (b).

    图 3  Ga2O3薄膜探测器 (a) 在黑暗和254 nm光照下的I-V曲线; (b) 254 nm和365 nm光照下的动态响应曲线; (c) 在18 V偏压下不同光照强度的动态响应曲线; (d) 光电流与光强的关系; (e) 上升/下降曲线; (f) 数十个操作周期切换

    Figure 3.  Ga2O3 thin film detector: (a) I-V curves of the photodetector in the dark and under 254 nm illumination; (b) I-t curves operated at 254 nm and 365 nm illumination (2.08 mW/cm2); (c) I-t curves of the photodetector under different light intensities of 254 nm with a bias voltage of 18 V; (d) photocurrent versus light intensity; (e) rise/decay curves; (f) over tens of operation cycles.

    图 4  (a) 户外电弧检测系统; 电弧与探测器距离(b) 25 cm, (c) 155 cm, (d) 165 cm的响应曲线

    Figure 4.  (a) Outdoor arc detection system; response curves for the arc to detector distances of (b) 25 cm, (c) 155 cm and (d) 165 cm.

    表 1  MSM型Ga2O3薄膜光电探测器的光响应参数比较

    Table 1.  Comparison of photoresponse parameters of MSM type photodetectors based on Ga2O3 thin film.

    制备方法 偏压/V 暗电流/nA PDCR R/(A·W–1) D*/Jones EQE/% $ {\tau }_{{\mathrm{r}}}/ $s $ {\tau }_{{\mathrm{d}}} $/s Ref.
    MOCVD、磁控溅射 10 0.17 3.5$ \times $103 9.4 1.17$ \times $1012 4.6$ \times $103 27 3.93 [28]
    离子切割、光刻工艺 10 0.0287 953 0.13 2.96/34.17 1.94/32.64 [38]
    脉冲激光沉积、磁控溅射 –15 12.4 29.08 2.16$ \times $1011 1.4$ \times $104 0.41/0.52 1.06/1.68 [33]
    卤化物气相外延、
    真空沉积和光刻工艺
    10 10–2 7$ \times $104 1.12$ \times $1018 3.79$ \times $105 [39]
    MOCVD、磁控溅射 5 $ < $10–3 1.1$ \times $106 0.046 3.4$ \times $1013 22.4 0.96 0.19 [40]
    MOCVD、光刻和离子束溅射 10 1.9$ \times $10–3 8.97$ \times $107 634.15 5.93$ \times $1011 3.1$ \times $105 [41]
    MEMS工艺、磁控溅射 18 1.3 130 0.364 7.9$ \times $1010 1779 1.22 0.24 This work
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  • [1]

    Xie C, Lu X T, Tong X W, Zhang Z X, Liang F X, Liang L, Luo L B, Wu Y C 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1806006Google Scholar

    [2]

    Wu Z P, Jiao L, Wang X L, Guo D Y, Li W H, Li L H, Huang F, Tang W H 2017 J. Mater. Chem. C 5 8688Google Scholar

    [3]

    Chen M X, Zhao B, Hu G F, Fang X S, Wang H, Wang L, Luo J, Han X, Wang X D, Pan C F, Wang Z L 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1706379Google Scholar

    [4]

    Sheoran H, Kumar V, Singh R 2022 ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 4 2589Google Scholar

    [5]

    Yan Z Y, Li S, Liu Z, Zhi Y S, Dai J, Sun X Y, Sun S Y, Guo D Y, Wang X, Li P G, Wu Z P, Li L L, Tang W H 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 4502Google Scholar

    [6]

    Yan Z Y, Li S, Liu Z, Liu W J, Qiao F, Li P G, Tang X, Li X H, Yue J Y, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2022 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 28 3803208Google Scholar

    [7]

    Liu Z, Li S, Yan Z Y, Liu Y Y, Zhi Y S, Wang X, Wu Z P, Li P G, Tang W H 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 5071Google Scholar

    [8]

    Yan Z Y, Li S, Yue J Y, Liu Z, Ji X Q, Yang Y, Li P G, Wu Z P, Guo Y, Tang W H 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 57619Google Scholar

    [9]

    Li S, Guo D Y, Li P G, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan Z Y, Liu Z, Zhi Y S, Huang Y, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 35105Google Scholar

    [10]

    Li S, Zhi Y S, Lu C, Wu C, Yan Z Y, Liu Z, Yang J, Chu X, Guo D Y, Li P G, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2021 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 12 447Google Scholar

    [11]

    Fu S, Wang Y, Gao C, Han Y, Fu R, Wang L, Li B, Ma J, Fu Z, Xu H, Liu Y 2023 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 44 1428Google Scholar

    [12]

    Li X, Xu F, Wang X, Luo J, Ding K, Ye L, Li H, Xiong Y, Yu P, Kong C, Ye L, Zhang H, Li W 2023 Phys. Status Solidi RRL DOI:10.1002/pssr.202200512

    [13]

    王江, 罗林保 2021 中国激光 48 7Google Scholar

    Wang J, Luo L B 2021 Chin. J. Lasers 48 7Google Scholar

    [14]

    Gao C, Wang Y, Fu S, Xia D, Han Y, Ma J, Xu H, Li B, Shen A, Liu Y 2023 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15 38612Google Scholar

    [15]

    刘增, 李磊, 支钰崧, 都灵, 方君鹏, 李山, 余建刚, 张茂林, 杨莉莉, 张少辉, 郭宇锋, 唐为华 2022 71 208501Google Scholar

    Liu Z, Li L, Zhi Y S, Du L, Fang J P, Li S, Yu J G, Zhang M L, Yang L L, Zhang S H, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 208501Google Scholar

    [16]

    Ni S, Chen Q, Liu J, Yang S, Li T, Yang X, Zhao J 2019 J. Power Sources 433 126681Google Scholar

    [17]

    Prabakar K, Venkatachalam S, Jeyachandran Y L, Narayandass S K, Mangalaraj D 2004 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 107 99Google Scholar

    [18]

    Onuma T, Saito S, Sasaki K, Masui T, Yamaguchi T, Honda T, Higashiwaki M 2015 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54 112601Google Scholar

    [19]

    Li S, Yue J Y, Ji X Q, Lu C, Yan Z Y, Li P G, Guo D Y, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 5437Google Scholar

    [20]

    Chen Y C, Lu Y J, Liao M Y, Tian Y Z, Liu Q, Gao C J, Yang X, Shan C X 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1906040Google Scholar

    [21]

    Chen Y C, Lu Y J, Liu Q, Lin C N, Guo J, Zang J H, Tian Y Z, Shan C X 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 2557Google Scholar

    [22]

    Zhi Y S, Liu Z, Zhang S H, Li S, Yan Z Y, Li P G, Tang W H 2021 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 68 3435Google Scholar

    [23]

    Lu Y C, Zhang Z F, Yang X, He G H, Lin C N, Chen X X, Zang J H, Zhao W B, Chen Y C, Zhang L L, Li Y Z, Shan C X 2022 Nano Res. 15 7631Google Scholar

    [24]

    Pearton S J, Yang J, Cary P H, Ren F, Kim J, Tadjer M J, Mastro M A 2018 Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 011301Google Scholar

    [25]

    Yang C, Liang H, Zhang Z, Xia X, Tao P, Chen Y, Zhang H, Shen R, Luo Y, Du G 2018 RSC Adv. 8 6341Google Scholar

    [26]

    Arora K, Goel N, Kumar M, Kumar M 2018 ACS Photonics 5 2391Google Scholar

    [27]

    Sun P, Yang X, Li K, Wei Z, Fan W, Wang S, Zhou W, Shan C 2023 Adv. Mater. Interfaces DOI: 10.1002/admi.202300371

    [28]

    Xu R, Ma X, Chen Y, Mei Y, Ying L, Zhang B, Long H 2022 Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 144 106621Google Scholar

    [29]

    He M, Zeng Q, Ye L 2023 Crystals 13 1434Google Scholar

    [30]

    Zhang C, Liu K, Ai Q, Huang X, Chen X, Zhu Y, Yang J, Cheng Z, Li B, Liu L, Shen D 2022 J. Phys. Chem. C 126 21839Google Scholar

    [31]

    Kufer D, Nikitskiy I, Lasanta T, Navickaite G, Koppens F H, Konstantatos G 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 176Google Scholar

    [32]

    况丹, 徐爽, 史大为, 郭建, 喻志农 2023 72 038501Google Scholar

    Kuang D, Xu S, Shi D W, Guo J, Yu Z N 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 038501Google Scholar

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    Yu J, Lou J, Wang Z, Ji S, Chen J, Yu M, Peng B, Hu Y, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Jia R 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 872 159508Google Scholar

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    Gu K Y, Zhang Z L, Huang H F, Tang K, Huang J, Liao M Y, Wang L J 2023 J. Mater. Chem. C 11 5371Google Scholar

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    落巨鑫, 高红丽, 邓金祥, 任家辉, 张庆, 李瑞东, 孟雪 2023 72 028502Google Scholar

    Luo J X, Gao H L, Deng J X, Ren J H, Zhang Q, Li R D, Meng X 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 028502Google Scholar

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    Xi Z Y, Yang L L, Shu L C, Zhang M L, Li S, Shi L, Liu Z, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 088502Google Scholar

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    Wang J, Xiong Y, Ye L, Li W, Qin G, Ruan H, Zhang H, Fang L, Kong C, Li H 2021 Opt. Mater. 112 110808Google Scholar

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    Ren Q, Xu W, Shen Z, You T, Liu Q, Liu C, Zhao L, Chen L, Yu W 2020 ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3 451Google Scholar

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    Almaev A, Nikolaev V, Kopyev V, Shapenkov S, Yakovlev N, Kushnarev B, Pechnikov A, Deng J, Izaak T, Chikiryaka À, Scheglov M, Zarichny A 2023 IEEE Sens. J. 23 19245Google Scholar

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    Zhang M, Ma W, Li S, Yang L, Liu Z, Guo Y, Tang W H 2023 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 70 2336Google Scholar

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    Liu Z, Zhi Y S, Zhang M L, Yang L L, Li S, Yan Z Y, Zhang S H, Guo D Y, Li P G, Guo Y F, Tang W H 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 088503Google Scholar

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Metrics
  • Abstract views:  2000
  • PDF Downloads:  40
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  28 January 2024
  • Accepted Date:  18 February 2024
  • Available Online:  28 February 2024
  • Published Online:  05 May 2024

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