Ultra-thin ultra-wideband tunable radar absorber based on hybrid incorporation of active devices

Feng Kui-Sheng; Li Na; Li Tong

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211254

Abstract

Structural radar absorber has important application in stealth field for its ability to effectively absorb incoming radar wave and to bear the load at the same time. Metasurface absorbers can achieve nearly-perfect absorption of radar wave, and have characteristics of light weight and thin structure, but their bandwidth are usually narrow. To solve this problem, a new method of broadening the bandwidth of metasurface absorber is proposed in this work. With varactor and PIN diode integrated in a hybrid manner, the continuous tunning and discrete switching are combined together to broaden the effective absorption bandwidth of the absorber. Using this method, an ultra-wideband tunable metasurface absorber is designed and the absorbing mechanism is analyzed in depth. By changing the bias voltages of PIN diodes and varactors, the absorbing frequency can be continuously tuned within a wide band from 4.57 GHz to 8.51 GHz. Measured results verify the low radar cross section characteristics of the absorber and the effectiveness of the design method. The proposed method is simple and feasible, and can be extended to other broadband structure design.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Artificial Intelligence, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China
2.
Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710077, China

Corresponding author: Li Tong, tongli8811@sina.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61701523, 61801508), the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020JM-350, 20210110, 20200108, 2020022), the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program of China (Grant Nos. BX20180375, 2019M653960), and the College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China (Grant Nos. 202113468002, S202113468012)

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References

[1]	Li T, Yang H, Li Q, Zhang C, Han J, Cong L, Cao X, Gao J 2019 Opt. Mater. Express 9 1161 Google Scholar
[2]	Yang H, Li T, Xu L, Cao X, Jidi L, Guo Z, Li P, Gao J 2021 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 69 1239 Google Scholar
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[5]	Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light Sci. Appl. 3 e218 Google Scholar
[6]	Jia Y, Liu Y, Guo Y J, Li K, Gong S X 2015 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 64 179 Google Scholar
[7]	Liu T, Cao X, Gao J, Zheng Q, Li W, Yang H 2013 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 1479 Google Scholar
[8]	Liu Y, Zhao X 2014 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. 13 1473 Google Scholar
[9]	Ren J, Gong S, Jiang W 2018 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 17 102 Google Scholar
[10]	Landy N, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[11]	Shen X P, Cui T J, Zhao J M, Ma H F, Jiang W X, Li H 2011 Opt. Express 19 9401 Google Scholar
[12]	Mei P, Zhang S, Lin X Q, Pedersen G F 2019 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 18 521 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhang H B, Zhou P H, Lu H P, Xu Y Q, Liang D F, Deng L J 2012 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 976 Google Scholar
[14]	Costa F, Monorchio A, Manara G 2010 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 58 1551 Google Scholar
[15]	Lim D, Lim S 2019 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 18 1887 Google Scholar
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[17]	Lu X, Chen J, Peng Z, Wu Z, Anxue Z 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC) Taiyuan, China, July 18–21, 2019 p1
[18]	Panwar R, Puthucheri S, Agarwala V, Singh D 2015 IEEE T. Microw. Theory Techn. 63 2438 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhao B, Huang C, Yang J, Song J, Guan C, Luo X 2020 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 19 982 Google Scholar
[20]	Ghosh S K, Yadav V S, Das S, Bhattacharyya S 2020 IEEE T. Electromagn. C. 62 346 Google Scholar
[21]	Shang Y, Shen Z, Xiao S 2013 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 6022 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang B, Jin C, Shen Z 2020 IEEE T. Microw. Theory Techn. 68 835 Google Scholar
[23]	Han Y, Che W 2017 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 16 74 Google Scholar
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[26]	Hu N, Zhang J, Zha S, Liu C, Liu H, Liu P 2019 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 18 373 Google Scholar
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[32]	Yuan H, Li H, Fang X, Wang Y, Cao Q 2021 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PR 63 11 Google Scholar
[33]	Xu W H, He Y, Kong P, Li J L, Xu H B, Miao L, Bie S W, Jiang J J 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 184903 Google Scholar
[34]	Raad H R, Abbosh A I, Al-Rizzo H M, Rucker D G 2013 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 524 Google Scholar
[35]	Yang H, Cao X, Yang F, Gao J, Xu S, Li M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Li S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 35692 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 方形无源超表面单元　(a) 结构俯视图; (b) 结构侧视图; (c) 等效电路模型

Figure 1. Square-shaped passive metasurface absorber: (a) Top view; (b) side view; (c) equivalent circuit model.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 频率可调超表面单元　(a) 结构图; (b) 等效电路模型

Figure 2. Frequency tunable metasurface absorber: (a) Configuration; (b) equivalent circuit model.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 超宽带可调超表面单元　(a) 结构图; (b) 开关导通及(c)断开时的等效电路模型

Figure 3. Ultra-wideband active metasurface absorber (AMSA): (a) Configuration; (b), (c) equivalent circuit model of PIN diode at ON state (b) and OFF state (c).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 宽带可调吸波示意图　(a) 分段可调吸波; (b) 超宽带可调吸波

Figure 4. Design concept of the ultra-wideband tunability: (a) Separate tunable absorbing band; (b) ultra-wideband tunable absorbing band.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 宽带可调吸波超表面单元

Figure 5. Unit cell of the proposed ultra-wideband AMSA.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 开关二极管不同工作状态下吸波率随变容管容值的变化　(a) 垂直入射; (b) 斜入射

Figure 6. Simulated absorptivity vs. varactor capacitance values for different diode states: (a) Under normal incidence; (b) under oblique incidence.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 吸波体性能随介质基板厚度的变化(PIN导通, C = 0.71 pF, tanδ = 0.02)　(a) 吸波率; (b) 表面阻抗实部; (c) 表面阻抗虚部

Figure 7. Simulated performance of the proposed ultra-wideband AMSA with different substrate thicknesses (PIN diode at ON state, C = 0.71 pF, tanδ = 0.02): (a) Absorptivity; (b) real part of surface impedance; (c) imaginary part of surface impedance.

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图 8 吸波体性能随介质基板损耗角正切的变化(PIN导通, C = 0.71 pF, h = 0.5 mm)　(a) 吸波率; (b) 吸波峰值处的体功率损耗密度

Figure 8. Simulated performance of the proposed ultra-wideband AMSA with different substrate losses (PIN diode at ON state, C = 0.71 pF, h = 0.5 mm): (a) Absorptivity; (b) volume loss density at absorption peak.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 宽带可调超表面吸波体实物及测试装置　(a) 10 × 10阵面照片; (b) 单元结构放大图; (c)直流馈电电路示意图; (d) 测试装置

Figure 9. Fabricated ultra-wideband AMSA and the measurement setup: (a) Photo of 10 × 10 sample; (b) magnified picture of the unit cell; (c) schematic diagram of the biasing circuit; (d) measurement setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 仿真与实测的单站RCS减缩曲线(实线, 仿真结果; 虚线, 实测结果)

Figure 10. Simulated and measured monostatic RCS reduction. Solid lines, simulated results; dashed lines, measured results.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 超宽带可调超表面吸波体仿真与实测性能

Table 1. Simulated and measured performance of ultra wideband adjustable surface absorber.

偏置电压/V		C/ pF	吸波峰值频率/GHz	RCS减缩峰值频率/GHz
V_d	V_c	C/ pF	仿真	仿真	实测
0.95	0.5	17.41	4.57	4.50	4.48
	9.0	1.45	5.45	5.47	5.52
	30.0	0.71	6.05	6.03	6.16
0	0.5	10.23	5.85	5.90	5.82
	9.0	1.45	7.31	7.26	7.10
	30.0	0.71	8.51	8.46	8.34

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Li T, Yang H, Li Q, Zhang C, Han J, Cong L, Cao X, Gao J 2019 Opt. Mater. Express 9 1161 Google Scholar
[2]	Yang H, Li T, Xu L, Cao X, Jidi L, Guo Z, Li P, Gao J 2021 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 69 1239 Google Scholar
[3]	Li T, Yang H, Li Q, Zhu X, Cao X, Gao J, Wu Z 2019 IET Microw. Antenna. P. 13 185 Google Scholar
[4]	崔铁军, 吴浩天, 刘硕 2020 69 158101 Google Scholar Cui T J, Wu H T, Liu S 2020 Acta Phys. Sin 69 158101 Google Scholar
[5]	Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light Sci. Appl. 3 e218 Google Scholar
[6]	Jia Y, Liu Y, Guo Y J, Li K, Gong S X 2015 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 64 179 Google Scholar
[7]	Liu T, Cao X, Gao J, Zheng Q, Li W, Yang H 2013 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 1479 Google Scholar
[8]	Liu Y, Zhao X 2014 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. 13 1473 Google Scholar
[9]	Ren J, Gong S, Jiang W 2018 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 17 102 Google Scholar
[10]	Landy N, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[11]	Shen X P, Cui T J, Zhao J M, Ma H F, Jiang W X, Li H 2011 Opt. Express 19 9401 Google Scholar
[12]	Mei P, Zhang S, Lin X Q, Pedersen G F 2019 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 18 521 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhang H B, Zhou P H, Lu H P, Xu Y Q, Liang D F, Deng L J 2012 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 976 Google Scholar
[14]	Costa F, Monorchio A, Manara G 2010 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 58 1551 Google Scholar
[15]	Lim D, Lim S 2019 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 18 1887 Google Scholar
[16]	杨欢欢, 曹祥玉, 高军, 刘涛, 李思佳, 赵一, 袁子东 2013 62 214101 Google Scholar Yang H H, Cao X Y, Gao J, Liu T, Li S J, Zhao Y, Yuan Z D, Zhang H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin 62 214101 Google Scholar
[17]	Lu X, Chen J, Peng Z, Wu Z, Anxue Z 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC) Taiyuan, China, July 18–21, 2019 p1
[18]	Panwar R, Puthucheri S, Agarwala V, Singh D 2015 IEEE T. Microw. Theory Techn. 63 2438 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhao B, Huang C, Yang J, Song J, Guan C, Luo X 2020 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 19 982 Google Scholar
[20]	Ghosh S K, Yadav V S, Das S, Bhattacharyya S 2020 IEEE T. Electromagn. C. 62 346 Google Scholar
[21]	Shang Y, Shen Z, Xiao S 2013 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 6022 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang B, Jin C, Shen Z 2020 IEEE T. Microw. Theory Techn. 68 835 Google Scholar
[23]	Han Y, Che W 2017 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 16 74 Google Scholar
[24]	Chen J, Hu Z, Wang G, Huang X, Wang S, Hu X, Liu M 2015 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 63 4367 Google Scholar
[25]	杨欢欢, 曹祥玉, 高军, 李桐, 李思佳, 丛丽丽, 赵霞 2021 雷达学报 10 206 Google Scholar Ynag H H, Cao X Y, Gao J, Li T, Li S J, Cong L L, Zhao X 2021 J. Radars 10 206 Google Scholar
[26]	Hu N, Zhang J, Zha S, Liu C, Liu H, Liu P 2019 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 18 373 Google Scholar
[27]	Kim S, Li A, Lee J, Sievenpiper D F 2021 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 69 2759 Google Scholar
[28]	Li A, Kim S, Luo Y, Li Y, Long J, Sievenpiper D F 2017 IEEE T. Microw. Theory Techn. 65 2810 Google Scholar
[29]	Zhang Y, Cao Z, Huang Z, Miao L, Bie S, Jiang J 2021 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 69 1204 Google Scholar
[30]	Costa F, Monorchio A, Vastante G P 2011 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PP 10 11 Google Scholar
[31]	Xu W, Sonkusale S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 031902 Google Scholar
[32]	Yuan H, Li H, Fang X, Wang Y, Cao Q 2021 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. PR 63 11 Google Scholar
[33]	Xu W H, He Y, Kong P, Li J L, Xu H B, Miao L, Bie S W, Jiang J J 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 184903 Google Scholar
[34]	Raad H R, Abbosh A I, Al-Rizzo H M, Rucker D G 2013 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 61 524 Google Scholar
[35]	Yang H, Cao X, Yang F, Gao J, Xu S, Li M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Li S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 35692 Google Scholar

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