Treatment uniformity of atmospheric pressure plasma on flexible and porous material surface: A critical review

Xu Yu; Wang Chao-Liang; Qin Si-Cheng; Zhang Yu; He Tao; Guo Ying; Ding Ke; Zhang Yu-Ru; Yang Wei; Shi Jian-Jun; Du Cheng-Ran; Zhang Jing

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210077

Abstract

Flexible porous materials play an important role in frontier science and technology fields. Surface modification will further endow the materials with diverse and excellent surface properties, and expand the scope of their applications in functional and intelligent wearable devices. Atmospheric pressure plasma technology has many advantages in treating the flexible materials, such as low temperature, low energy consumption, high efficiency, friendly environment, low cost, no change in material itself characteristics, suitability for roll-to-roll preparation, etc. Also, it presents good adaptability in applied environment and target materials. All these advantages meet the requirements of large area and low-cost surface modification of flexible porous materials.In this paper, we review several researches of atmospheric pressure plasma surface modification of flexible porous materials used in advanced materials, new energy, environmental protection and biomedicine. The problems and challenges of stability and permeability encountered in uniformly treating the flexible and porous materials by atmospheric pressure plasma are presented. Then, we introduce our research work on atmospheric pressure plasma stable discharge, roll-to-roll coating treatment of permeability and uniformity. Finally, we introduce the breakthrough in and ideas on the deposition kinetics of nanoparticle thin films and their microstructure control by atmospheric pressure plasma. However, there are still many challenges to be overcome in the applications of the methods in current situation. Basic characteristics, discharge modes of atmospheric pressure plasma and the relationships of plasma discharge to structure and property of the various treated materials need to be further explored. It is confirmed that the permeability and uniformity of the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in flexible porous materials are very important and their in-depth investigations will promote the application of this method—a high efficient, environmentally-friendly and continuous way of realizing functional and intelligent wearable devices in the future.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2.
Textiles Key Laboratory for Advanced Plasma Technology and Application, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
3.
Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center of Ministry Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
4.
School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Jing, jingzh@dhu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075054) and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities, China (Grant No. 2232019A3-12)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a) DCSBD电极系统; (b) 在开放环境下的一次“H”型微放电; (c) 在开放环境下300 W表面等离子体; 不同样品上印刷PLLA纳米颗粒的扫描电子显微镜照片, 其中(d)—(g)分别为(d) 未经处理的PET, (e) 未经处理的PP, (f) 经等离子体处理的PET, (g) 经等离子体处理的PP^[8]

Figure 1. (a) DCSBD electrode system; (b) one H-shaped micro-discharge in ambient air; (c) surface plasma in ambient air at 300 W; scanning electron microscope images of PLLA nanoparticles printed on (d) untreated PET, (e) untreated PP, (f) plasma treated PET, and (g) plasma-treated PP^[8].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 未经处理的MFC泡沫与(a)水或(b)煤油的相互作用; 等离子体处理的MFC泡沫(占气隙体积的一部分)与水和煤油在(c) MFC泡沫顶部和(d)底部的相互作用^[9]

Figure 2. Interaction of untreated MFC foam with either (a) water or (b) kerosene. Interaction of plasma-treated MFC foam (taking up a portion of the gas gap volume) with water and kerosene on (c) the top side and (d) the bottom side of the MFC foam^[9].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) α模式和(b) γ模式放电光学照片; (c) 不同调制脉冲占空比时大气压射频辉光放电的电流-电压特性^[34]

Figure 3. Photographs of discharge (a) α mode and (b) γ mode; (c) current-voltage characteristics of pulse-modulated RF APGDs with different duty cycle^[34].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 常压脉冲放电辅助脉冲调制射频辉光放电电流电压特性; 脉冲放电和射频放电段时间间隔为(b) 40和 (c) 10 μs时, 射频起辉阶段的空间结构分布随延时的变化^[35]

Figure 4. (a) Current voltage characteristics of RF discharge burst with (dash) and without (solid) pulsed discharge in pulse modulated RF APGD; temporal evolution of discharge spatial profile during RF discharge burst ignition with the time interval between pulsed discharge and RF discharge burst of (b) 40 and (c) 10 μs^[35].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 氦气20 kV连续放电下, 电势在不同微孔直径大小中的分布　(a) 10 μm; (b) 20 μm; (c) 200 μm, 其中图的横纵坐标为微孔的几何尺寸, 右侧颜色条为电势大小, 单位(V)

Figure 5. Distributions of the potential for different pore sizes of (a) 10 μm, (b) 20 μm, (c) 200 μm, for a helium discharge sustained at 20 kV.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 柔性微孔介质等离子体沉积模型示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of plasma deposition model for flexible microporous substrate.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 UHMWPE隔膜截面的扫描电子显微镜(SEM), EDS及元素浓度分布　(a)−(c) SiO_2.01C_0.23H_x纳米颗粒膜涂层; (d)−(f) Al₂O₃纳米颗粒膜涂层^[51]

Figure 7. Cross-section scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and EDS of UHMWPE: (a)−(c) SiO_2.01C_0.23H_x coating; (d)−(f) Al₂O₃ coating^[50].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) 不同涂层样品的黏附强度; (b) 180° 剥离试验后的隔膜和胶带的光学照片^[51]

Figure 8. (a) Adhesion strengths of different coating samples; (b) the optical photo of the separators and tapes after the 180° peel-off test^[51].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 (a) 50% 占空比时鞘层悬浮颗粒随关闭时间的变化; (b) 不同占空比时纳米颗粒薄膜的粒径分布; 不同占空比时沉积纳米颗粒膜的FE-SEM图像, (c)—(d)图对应的占空比分别为(c) 33%, (d) 50%, (e) 67%^[26]

Figure 9. (a) Motion of sheath trapped particles with 50% duty cycle; (b) particle size distribution of nanoparticle films at different duty cycles; FE-SEM images of deposited nanoparticle films at different duty cycles of (c) 33%, (d) 50%, (e) 67%^[26].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	Herbert T (Shishoo R) 2007 Plasma Technologies for Textiles (Cambridge: Woodhead Publ. Ltd) pp79−128
[2]	Jelil R A 2015 J. Mater. Sci. 50 5913 Google Scholar
[3]	Parida D, Jassal M, Agarwal A K 2012 Plasma Chem. Plasma P. 32 1259 Google Scholar
[4]	Lommatzsch U, Pasedag D, Baalmann A, Ellinghorst G, Wagner H E 2007 Plasma Process Polym. 4 S1041 Google Scholar
[5]	Elabid A E A, Zhang J, Shi J, Guo Y, Ding K, Zhang J 2016 Appl. Surf. Sci. 375 26 Google Scholar
[6]	Armenise V, Fanelli F, Milella A, D'Accolti L, Uricchio A, Fracassi F 2020 Surf. Interfaces 20 100600 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhu J, Chen J, Luo Y, Sun S, Qin L, Xu H, Zhang P, Zhang W, Tian W, Sun Z 2019 Energy Storage Mater. 23 539 Google Scholar
[8]	Ivanova T V, Krumpolec R, Homola T, Musin E, Baier G, Landfester K, Cameron D C, Černák M 2017 Plasma Process Polym. 14 1600231 Google Scholar
[9]	Meunier L F, Profili J, Babaei S, Asadollahi S, Sarkissian A, Dorris A, Beck S, Naudé N, Stafford L 2020 Plasma Process Polym. 18 2000158 Google Scholar
[10]	Chien H H, Liao C Y, Hao Y C, Hsu C C, Cheng I C, Yu I S, Chen J Z 2018 Electrochim. Acta 260 391 Google Scholar
[11]	NFPA 1999 Standard on Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operation (Quincy: National Fire Protection Association)
[12]	Talemi P, Delaigue M, Murphy P, Fabretto M 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 8465 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang T, Wang X, Yang B, Chen X, Liu J 2017 J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 D282 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhu S, Gao Y, Hu B, Li J, Su J, Fan Z, Zhou J 2013 Nanotechnology 24 335202 Google Scholar
[15]	Fanelli F, Fracassi F 2016 Plasma Process Polym. 13 470 Google Scholar
[16]	Pothiraja R, Bibinov N, Awakowicz P 2011 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 44 355206 Google Scholar
[17]	Intranuovo F, Gristina R, Brun F, Mohammadi S, Ceccone G, Sardella E, Rossi F O, Tromba G, Favia P 2014 Plasma Process Polym. 11 184 Google Scholar
[18]	Bashir M, Bashir S, Rees J M, Zimmerman W B 2014 Plasma Process Polym. 11 279 Google Scholar
[19]	Fisher E R 2013 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 9312 Google Scholar
[20]	Hawker M J, Pegalajar-Jurado A, Fisher E R 2014 Langmuir 30 12328 Google Scholar
[21]	Hensel K 2009 Eur. Phys. J. D 54 141 Google Scholar
[22]	Babaeva N Y, Kushner M J 2014 Plasma Sources Sci. T. 23 065047 Google Scholar
[23]	Hensel K, Katsura S, Mizuno A 2005 IEEE T. Plasma Sci. 33 574 Google Scholar
[24]	Zhang Y, Wang H Y, Jiang W, Bogaerts A 2015 New J. Phys. 17 083056 Google Scholar
[25]	Lu X, Wu S, Gou J, Pan Y 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7488 Google Scholar
[26]	Xu Y, Khrapak S A, Ding K, Schwabe M, Shi J J, Zhang J, Du C R 2019 arXiv: 1903.09379
[27]	Jelil R A, Zeng X, Koehl L, Perwuelz A 2012 Text. Res. J. 82 1859 Google Scholar
[28]	Píchal J, Klenko Y 2009 Eur. Phys. J. D 54 271 Google Scholar
[29]	Feng C, Hu Y, Jin C, Zhuge L, Wu X, Wang W 2020 Plasma Sci. Technol. 22 015503 Google Scholar
[30]	Huang B, Takashima K, Zhu X, Pu Y 2014 IEEE T. Plasma Sci. 42 2642 Google Scholar
[31]	Šimor M, Ráhel’ J, Vojtek P, Černák M, Brablec A 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2716 Google Scholar
[32]	Čech J, Brablec A, Černák M, Puač N, Selaković N, Petrović Z L 2017 Eur. Phys. J. D 71 27 Google Scholar
[33]	张杰 2016 博士学位论文 (上海: 东华大学)] Zhang J 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Donghua University) (in Chinese)[
[34]	张杰, 申亚军, 郭颖, 张菁, 石建军 2017 东华大学学报(自然科学版) 43 293 Google Scholar Zhang J, Shen Y J, Guo Y, Zhang J, Shi J J 2017 J. Donghua Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 43 293 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhang J, Guo Y, Shi Y C, Zhang J, Shi J J 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 083502 Google Scholar
[36]	Zhang J, Guo Y, Huang X J, Zhang J, Shi J J 2016 Plasma Sci. Technol. 18 974 Google Scholar
[37]	Shi J J, Zhang J, Qiu G, Walsh J L, Kong M G 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 041502 Google Scholar
[38]	Liu D W, Shi J J, Kong M G 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 041502 Google Scholar
[39]	Balcon N, Hagelaar G J M, Boeuf J P 2008 IEEE T. Plasma Sci. 36 2782 Google Scholar
[40]	Kraus M, Eliasson B, Kogelschatz U, Wokaun A 2001 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3 294 Google Scholar
[41]	Zhang Y R, Van Laer K, Neyts E C, Bogaerts A 2016 Appl. Catal. B- Environ. 185 56 Google Scholar
[42]	Feng F, Zheng Y, Shen X, Zheng Q, Dai S, Zhang X, Huang Y, Liu Z, Yan K 2015 Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 6831 Google Scholar
[43]	Zhang Y, Wang H Y, Zhang Y R, Bogaerts A 2017 Plasma Sources Sci. T. 26 054002 Google Scholar
[44]	Fanelli F, d'Agostino R, Fracassi F 2011 Plasma Process Polym. 8 932 Google Scholar
[45]	Hensel K, Martišovitš V, Machala Z, Janda M, Leštinský M, Tardiveau P, Mizuno A 2007 Plasma Process Polym. 4 682 Google Scholar
[46]	Kim H H 2000 Ph. D. Dissertation (Toyohashi: Toyohashi University of Technology)
[47]	李杰, 关银霞, 姜楠, 姚晓妹, 王世强, 刘全桢 2017 高压电技术 43 1759 Google Scholar Li J, Guan Y X, Jiang N, Yao X M, Wang S Q, Liu Q Z 2017 High-Voltage Technol. 43 1759 Google Scholar
[48]	Armenise V, Milella A, Fracassi F, Bosso P, Fanelli F 2019 Surf. Coat. Technol. 379 125017 Google Scholar
[49]	Fanelli F, Bosso P, Mastrangelo A M, Fracassi F 2016 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55 07LA01 Google Scholar
[50]	Qin S C, Wang M, Wang C L, Jin Y C, Yuan N N, Wu Z C, Zhang J 2018 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 1800579 Google Scholar
[51]	Jin Y C, Wang C L, Yuan N N, Ding K, Xu Y, Qin S C, Wang M, Wu Z C, Du C R, Shi J J, Zhang J 2019 Coatings 9 190 Google Scholar

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