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Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are generally employed in spacecraft, due to their current drive capability, linearity and excellent matching characteristics. High-energy particles and cosmic rays in space environment remarkably affect electronic devices, especially in BJTs producing total ionizing dose, displacement damage or single event effect. Among them, ionizing irradiation effects on BJTs dominates. For BJTs, ionization damage can induce the oxide trapped charges in SiO2 layer and interface traps in Si/SiO2, resulting in more recombination base current and the degradation of current gain. Consequently, the accumulation of both oxide charges and interface traps causes an increase in the base current.#br#Passivation layer is also an important factor of the irradiation effects of BJTs. Previous works only studied the degradation of electrical properties of the devices with/without passivation layer induced by irradiation, and did not give an influence mechanisms of passivation layer on the irradiation respond of devices. Therefore, the irradiation damage mechanisms of the BJTs with or without nitride passivation layer are not clear so far.#br#In this paper, the impact of Si3N4 passivation layer on ionizing irradiation damage on lateral PNP bipolar transistors (LPNP) was studied by using 60Co gamma irradiation source. The KEITHLEY 4200-SCS semiconductor parameter analyzer was used to measure the relationship between the electrical properties of LPNP transistors and ionization dose, including the Gummel characteristics, the degradation of current gain, etc. The irradiation defects of the LPNP transistors with/without passivation layer structure were analyzed by the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The experimental results show that the electrical properties of the LPNP transistors with and without passivation layer exhibit similar characteristics. For all samples, the base current increases with increasing the total dose, while the collector current does not almost change. Compared with the LPNP transistors without Si3N4 passivation layer, the degradation of LPNP transistor with Si3N4 passivation layer is severe.#br#Based on the excess base current as a function of base-emitter voltage for the LPNP transistors with/without nitride passivation layer, the degradation of bipolar transistors with nitride passivation layer is severe under the same irradiation conditions. The DLTS analyses show that compared with the bipolar transistors without nitride passivation layer, the signal peak located at about 300 K is shifted to low temperature for the bipolar transistors with nitride passivation layer. The above results show that the LPNP transistors with nitride passivation could produce a large number of interface states with the energy level is closer to the middle of the forbidden band during the irradiation, which is attributed to a large number of hydrogen presence during the processing of fabricated passivation layer.
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Keywords:
- bipolar transistors /
- ionizing irradiation /
- passivation /
- radiation mechanisms
[1] Li X J, Geng H B, Lan M J, Yang D Z, He S Y, Liu C M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 066103
[2] Pien C F, Amir H F A, Salleh S, Muhammad A 2010 Am. J. Appl. Sci 7 807
[3] Zhai Y H, Li P, Zhang G J, Luo Y X, Fan X, Hu B, Li J H, Zhang J, Shu P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin 60 088501 (in Chinese) [翟亚红, 李平, 张国俊, 罗玉香, 范雪, 胡滨, 李俊宏, 张健, 束平 2011 60 088501]
[4] Chen W 2017 Chin. Sci. Bull 62 967 (in Chinese) [陈伟 2017 科学通报 62 967]
[5] Chen W, Yang H L, Guo X Q, Yao Z B, Ding L L, Wang Z J, Wang C H, Wang Z M, Cong P T 2017 Chin. Sci. Bull 62 978 (in Chinese) [陈伟, 杨海亮, 郭晓强, 姚志斌, 丁李利, 王祖军, 王晨辉, 王忠明, 丛培天 2017 科学通报 62 978]
[6] Pease R L, Dunham G W, Seiler J E, Platteter D G, McClure S S 2007 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 54 1049
[7] Pease R L 2003 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 50 539
[8] Madhu K V, Kumar R, Ravindra M, Damle R 2008 Solid-State Electron 52 1237
[9] Kulkarni S R, Ravindra M, Joshi G R, Damle R 2006 Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 251 157
[10] Kambour K E, Kouhestani C, Nguyen D D, Devine R A B 2016 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 34 1071
[11] Hughart D R, Schrimpf R D, Fleetwood D M, Rowsey N L, Law M E, Tuttle B R, Pantelides S T 2012 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 59 3087
[12] Liu C M, Li X J, Geng H B, Yang D Z, He S Y 2012 Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 670 6
[13] Zheng Y Z, Lu W, Ren D Y, Wang Y Y, Guo Q, Yu X F, He C F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin 58 5560 (in Chinese) [郑玉展, 陆妩, 任迪远, 王义元, 郭旗, 余学锋, 何承发 2009 58 5560]
[14] Ma W Y, Wang Z K, Lu W, Xi S B, Guo Q, He C F, Wang X, Liu M H, Jiang K 2014 Acta Phys. Sin 63 116101 (in Chinese) [马武英, 王志宽, 陆妩, 席善斌, 郭旗, 何承发, 王信, 刘默寒, 姜柯 2014 63 116101]
[15] Shaneyfelt M R, Pease R L, Schwank J R, Maher M C, Hash G H, Fleetwood D M, Dodd P E, Reber C A, Witczak S C, Riewe L C, Hjalmarson H P, Banks J C, Doyle B L, Knapp J A 2002 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 49 3171
[16] Kosier S L, Schrimpf R D, Nowlin R N, Fleetwood D M, DeLaus M, Pease R L, Combs W E, Wei A, Chai F 1993 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 40 1276
[17] Koiser S L, Schrimpf R D, Wei A, Delaus M 1993 Bipolarbicoms Circuits & Technology Meeting 94 211
[18] Li X J, Liu C M, Yang J Q, Zhao Y L, Liu G Q 2013 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 60 3924
[19] Li X J, Liu C M, Yang J Q 2015 IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Rel 15 258
[20] Li X J, Yang J Q, Liu C M 2017 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 64 1905
[21] Shockley W, Read W T 1952 Phys Rev 87 835
[22] Pease R L, Adell P C, Rax B G, Chen X J, Barnaby H J, Holbert K E, Hjalmarson H P 2008 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 55 3169
[23] Galloway K F, Pease R L, Schrimpf R D, Emily D W 2013 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 60 1731
[24] Rashkeev S N, Fleetwood D M, Schrimpf R D, Pantelides S T 2004 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 51 3158
[25] Tuttle B R, Hughart D R, Schrimpf R D, Fleetwood D M, Pantelides S T 2010 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 57 3046
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[1] Li X J, Geng H B, Lan M J, Yang D Z, He S Y, Liu C M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 066103
[2] Pien C F, Amir H F A, Salleh S, Muhammad A 2010 Am. J. Appl. Sci 7 807
[3] Zhai Y H, Li P, Zhang G J, Luo Y X, Fan X, Hu B, Li J H, Zhang J, Shu P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin 60 088501 (in Chinese) [翟亚红, 李平, 张国俊, 罗玉香, 范雪, 胡滨, 李俊宏, 张健, 束平 2011 60 088501]
[4] Chen W 2017 Chin. Sci. Bull 62 967 (in Chinese) [陈伟 2017 科学通报 62 967]
[5] Chen W, Yang H L, Guo X Q, Yao Z B, Ding L L, Wang Z J, Wang C H, Wang Z M, Cong P T 2017 Chin. Sci. Bull 62 978 (in Chinese) [陈伟, 杨海亮, 郭晓强, 姚志斌, 丁李利, 王祖军, 王晨辉, 王忠明, 丛培天 2017 科学通报 62 978]
[6] Pease R L, Dunham G W, Seiler J E, Platteter D G, McClure S S 2007 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 54 1049
[7] Pease R L 2003 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 50 539
[8] Madhu K V, Kumar R, Ravindra M, Damle R 2008 Solid-State Electron 52 1237
[9] Kulkarni S R, Ravindra M, Joshi G R, Damle R 2006 Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 251 157
[10] Kambour K E, Kouhestani C, Nguyen D D, Devine R A B 2016 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 34 1071
[11] Hughart D R, Schrimpf R D, Fleetwood D M, Rowsey N L, Law M E, Tuttle B R, Pantelides S T 2012 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 59 3087
[12] Liu C M, Li X J, Geng H B, Yang D Z, He S Y 2012 Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 670 6
[13] Zheng Y Z, Lu W, Ren D Y, Wang Y Y, Guo Q, Yu X F, He C F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin 58 5560 (in Chinese) [郑玉展, 陆妩, 任迪远, 王义元, 郭旗, 余学锋, 何承发 2009 58 5560]
[14] Ma W Y, Wang Z K, Lu W, Xi S B, Guo Q, He C F, Wang X, Liu M H, Jiang K 2014 Acta Phys. Sin 63 116101 (in Chinese) [马武英, 王志宽, 陆妩, 席善斌, 郭旗, 何承发, 王信, 刘默寒, 姜柯 2014 63 116101]
[15] Shaneyfelt M R, Pease R L, Schwank J R, Maher M C, Hash G H, Fleetwood D M, Dodd P E, Reber C A, Witczak S C, Riewe L C, Hjalmarson H P, Banks J C, Doyle B L, Knapp J A 2002 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 49 3171
[16] Kosier S L, Schrimpf R D, Nowlin R N, Fleetwood D M, DeLaus M, Pease R L, Combs W E, Wei A, Chai F 1993 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 40 1276
[17] Koiser S L, Schrimpf R D, Wei A, Delaus M 1993 Bipolarbicoms Circuits & Technology Meeting 94 211
[18] Li X J, Liu C M, Yang J Q, Zhao Y L, Liu G Q 2013 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 60 3924
[19] Li X J, Liu C M, Yang J Q 2015 IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Rel 15 258
[20] Li X J, Yang J Q, Liu C M 2017 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 64 1905
[21] Shockley W, Read W T 1952 Phys Rev 87 835
[22] Pease R L, Adell P C, Rax B G, Chen X J, Barnaby H J, Holbert K E, Hjalmarson H P 2008 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 55 3169
[23] Galloway K F, Pease R L, Schrimpf R D, Emily D W 2013 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 60 1731
[24] Rashkeev S N, Fleetwood D M, Schrimpf R D, Pantelides S T 2004 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 51 3158
[25] Tuttle B R, Hughart D R, Schrimpf R D, Fleetwood D M, Pantelides S T 2010 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 57 3046
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