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Vol. 73, No. 2 (2024)

2024-01-20

Special topic

纳米电介质电-热特性

       21世纪以来, 我国经济社会持续快速发展, 电力和电气化需求进入了高速增长期, 这前所未有地使介电材料成为世界舞台上的焦点. 介电材料是电容器、电力电子、微电子、嵌入式集成电路、电缆和发电机等的关键组成部分. 其中, 纳米电介质属于一类“具有纳米结构的多组分电介质材料”,自 1994年 Lewis 教授首次提出纳米电介质理论以来, 在近三十年的时间里发展迅猛且被誉为“未来的绝缘材料”. 纳米介电工程的出现, 推动了电工绝缘与微 (光)电子器件绝缘材料的创新性发展. 具有先进介电功能的纳米电介质材料的开发是驱动国家能源战略实施、维护电网系统运行及国家安全的重中之重.

      当下, 器件的微型化、集成化极大地带动了以集成电路为代表的微电子制造业的发展. 但是, 器件的高集成度必然伴随着高的功耗和发热, 导致电介质材料出现严重变形、老化、损伤、碳化, 极大地破坏电工装备及封装等的稳定性和可靠性. 此外, 高场下绝缘系统中空间电荷的积聚会引起局部电场畸变, 加快绝缘老化甚至造成电击穿, 产生严重的电气事故. 而纳米电介质的介于宏观和微观之间界面区域的电介质行为, 具有独特的时空多层次结构和优良的性质, 在提高设备效能、缩小部件尺寸、节约能源和材料等方面效果显著. 对于一些特定的领域, 如特高压输电、高性能电机中的主绝缘材料、薄膜电容器中的储能材料、微电子行业中的低介电材料、电子设备中的导热材料, 必须利用纳米电介质才能达到所需的性能指标. 因此, 为满足微电子、电力电气行业快速发展的需求, 研究在多物理场下具有优异电-热输运特性的纳米电介质材料具有重要意义.

      近年来, 基于量子/尺寸效应、密度泛函、有限元模拟等理论方法, 辅以新材料设计理念, 科研人员通过研究纳米电介质的微观特殊结构、独特的表面化学和宏观界面工程逐步实现了对纳米电介质的电老化性能、短期击穿增强、介电、储能、导热等电-热特性的协同优化和提高. 然而, 目前关于纳米电介质材料电热特性的综合调控仍处于开发的初级阶段, 纳米电介质的智能化转型与多功能化发展速度也相对迟缓.

     为进一步提升纳米电介质研究领域的影响力, 推动本领域专家学者的沟通与交流, 《 》组织出版“纳米电介质电-热特性”专题, 重点关注纳米电介质电-热特性调控, 从理论分析、材料设计及计算学等多角度介绍本领域的最新研究进展和未来发展趋势. 鉴于纳米电介质电-热特性涉及物理、材料、电气等多学科的交叉, 研究方向丰富, 本专题只能重点介绍其中的部分研究成果, 包括:纳米电介质物化特性, 纳米电介质界面与表面, 组成、结构与性能, 纳米电介质智能化与多功能化(高/低介电、导热绝缘等), 电介质测试、计算与模拟, 纳米电介质材料应用等, 与读者和同行共享.


查俊伟 北京科技大学 Acta Physica Sinica.2024, 73(2).
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GENERAL

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COVER ARTICLE

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