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Accurate measurement of retinal blood oxygen saturation (SO2) offers valuable early insights into the pathophysiology of ocular diseases like diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal vein occlusion. Visible-light optical coherence tomography (OCT) can measure SO2 directly through spectral fitting, yet its application is restricted due to the irritative nature of visible light and its influence on retinal physiological states. Near-infrared band 1 (NIR-I) causes less ocular stimulation. Even though the hemoglobin absorption effects are weaker in this region, its scattering properties are also related to SO2. Based on this principle, we propose a novel optical coherence tomography (OCTA) guided NIR-I technique for retinal blood oxygen saturation measurement. This method calculates SO2 by calibrating the optical density ratio (ODR) of oxygen-sensitive (855 nm) and isosbestic (805 nm) wavelengths. By leveraging the 3D blood flow maps generated by OCTA, the technique can automatically identify retinal vessels and surrounding tissue regions, thus minimizing errors caused by manual selection. Consequently, the classification accuracy of arteries and veins has surged from 82.1% to 96.7%. The calibrated average retinal blood oxygen saturation was 94%±21% for arteries and 56%±13% for veins, which aligns with normal physiological ranges. The representative result of artery-vein classification is presented in the figure below. This method greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of measurement. It provides a reliable tool for the early diagnosis, disease evaluation, and treatment monitoring of ophthalmic diseases, holding great promise for future applications.
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Keywords:
- optical coherence tomography angiography /
- optical coherence tomography /
- blood oxygen saturation /
- optical density
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