Dynamic relaxation characteristics and stress relaxation behavior of Pd-based<sub> </sub>metallic glass

Duan Ya-Juan; Qiao Ji-Chao

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20212025

Abstract

As a potential functional and structural material, high-entropy metallic glasses have aroused tremendous research interest in condense matter physics and mechanics. The correlation between macroscopic mechanic properties and microstructure heterogeneity of high-entropy metallic glasses is one of the most important scientific issues in glassy solids. In the present research, Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass are selected as the model alloys. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and stress relaxation are used to investigate the influences of temperature and physical aging on dynamic mechanical relaxation process and microstructure heterogeneity of the model alloys. The dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrate that the Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass both exhibit evident β relaxation process. In addition, the atomic mobility of model alloys is reduced in these processes, and the β relaxation shifts toward higher temperatures. In the stress relaxation process, the Gibbs free energy is reduced due to the high configurational entropy. This is the potential reason that high-entropy metallic glass possesses higher activation energy. In parallel, high-entropy metallic glass is more difficult to activate and needs to break through a higher energy barrier. With the increase of physical aging time, the flow unit in high-entropy metallic glass becomes smaller. This also benefits from the high-entropy effects that bring sluggish diffusion into high-entropy metallic glass. The change of activation volume under physical aging of high-entropy metallic glass is less sensitive to stress relaxation than that of metallic glass.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

Corresponding author: Qiao Ji-Chao, qjczy@nwpu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51971178), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JC-12), and the Innovation Foundation for Doctoral Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China (Grant No. CX202031).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金DSC曲线(升温速率为20 K/min). 玻璃转变温度$ {T_{\text{g}}} $和晶化温度$ {T_{\text{x}}} $如图中箭头所示

Figure 1. DSC curves of Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass with a heating rate of 20 K/min. The glass transition temperature $ {T_{\text{g}}} $ and the onset crystallization temperature $ {T_{\text{x}}} $ are shown by the arrows.

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图 2 (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和 (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金铸态^[38]时效后归一化损耗模量${E''}/E_{\max }''$随归一化温度$ T/{T_\alpha } $的演化($E_{\max }''$为两种模型合金损耗模量最大值, $ {T_\alpha } $为两种模型合金α弛豫的峰值温度), 升温速率为 3 K/min, 加载频率为3 Hz. 物理时效温度为0.824$ {T_{\text{g}}} $

Figure 2. Evolution of the normalized loss modulus ${E''}/E_{\max }''$of (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass ^[38] as a function of normalized temperature $ T/{T_\alpha } $ with the state of as-cast and pre-aging (aging temperature is 0.824$ {T_{\text{g}}} $). The driving frequency is 3 Hz, the heating rate is 3 K/min and $ {T_\alpha } $ is the peak temperature of α relaxation.

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图 3 (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和(b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金在不同温度下(0.8$ {T_{\text{g}}} $—0.9$ {T_{\text{g}}} $)的应力松弛行为, 应力通过初始应力进行归一化, 实线是KWW方程拟合曲线

Figure 3. Stress relaxation spectra of (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass at different temperatures. KWW fittings are shown with solid lines.

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图 4 Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金拟合参数　(a) $ {\beta _{{\text{KWW}}}} $, (b) $ n $随温度的演化

Figure 4. Fitting parameters (a) $ {\beta _{{\text{KWW}}}} $, (b) $ n $ of Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass as a function of temperature.

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图 5 Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金应力松弛弛豫时间$ {\tau _{\text{c}}} $随温度的演化. 直线为基于Arrhenius公式拟合

Figure 5. Dependence of the characteristic stress relaxation time $ {\tau _{\text{c}}} $ on the reciprocal stress relaxation temperature T_g/T of Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass. The solid lines are the fittings with Arrhenius equation.

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图 6 (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和 (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金在0.824$ {T_{\text{g}}} $时效1800, 3600, 7200, 10800 s后的应力松弛谱及拟合曲线

Figure 6. Stress relaxation and the corresponding fitting curves for (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass after different aging time (1800, 3600, 7200, 10800 s) at 0.824$ {T_{\text{g}}} $.

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图 7 Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和 Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金拟合参数　(a) $ n $, (b) $ {V_{\text{a}}} $, (c) $ {C_{\text{r}}} $随物理时效时间的演化

Figure 7. The fitting parameters (a) $ n $, (b) $ {V_{\text{a}}} $, (c) $ {C_{\text{r}}} $of Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass as a function of aging time.

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图 8 (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀非晶合金和 (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀高熵非晶合金激活能谱随时效时间的演化

Figure 8. Evolution of activation energy spectrum of (a) Pd_42.5Cu₃₀Ni_7.5P₂₀ metallic glass and (b) Pd₂₀Pt₂₀Cu₂₀Ni₂₀P₂₀ high-entropy metallic glass with different aging time.

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map

[1]	Wang W H 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 106 100561 Google Scholar
[2]	Qiao J C, Wang Q, Pelletier J M, Kato H, Casalini R, Crespo D, Pineda E, Yao Y, Yang Y 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 104 250 Google Scholar
[3]	Greer A L 1995 Science 267 1947 Google Scholar
[4]	Li D M, Chen L S, Yu P, Ding D, Xia L 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 086401 Google Scholar
[5]	Dong J, Feng Y, Huan Y, Yi J, Wang W, Bai H, Sun B A 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 017103 Google Scholar
[6]	Wei S, Kim S J, Kang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Furuhara T, Park E S, Tasan C C 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 1175 Google Scholar
[7]	Miracle D B 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1805 Google Scholar
[8]	George E P, Raabe D, Ritchie R O 2019 Nat. Rev. Mater. 4 515 Google Scholar
[9]	Glasscott M W, Pendergast A D, Goines S, Bishop A R, Hoang A T, Renault C, Dick J E 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1 Google Scholar
[10]	Zhang L T, Duan Y J, Daniel C, Eloi P, Wang Y J, Pelletier J M, Qiao J C 2021 Sci. Chin. Phys. Mech. 64 296111 Google Scholar
[11]	Zhang L T, Duan Y J, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier J M, Crespo D, Pineda E, Qiao J C 2021 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 83 248 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhu F, Song S, Reddy K M, Hirata A, Chen M 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3965 Google Scholar
[13]	Lyu G J, Qiao J C, Yao Y, Wang Y J, Morthomas J, Fusco C, Rodney D 2021 Acta Mater. 220 117293 Google Scholar
[14]	Cheng Y T, Hao Q, Pelletier J M, Pineda E, Qiao J C 2021 Int. J. Plast. 146 103107 Google Scholar
[15]	Amini N, Yang F, Pineda E, Ruta B, Sprung M, Meyer A 2021 Phys. Rev. Mater. 5 055601 Google Scholar
[16]	Soriano D, Zhou H, Hilke S, Pineda E, Ruta B, Wilde G 2021 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 33 164004 Google Scholar
[17]	Gallino I, Cangialosi D, Evenson Z, Schmitt L, Hechler S, Stolpe M, Ruta B 2018 Acta Mater. 144 400 Google Scholar
[18]	张浪渟, 乔吉超. 2021 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 51 086111 Zhang L T, Qiao J C 2021 Sci. China. Phys. Mech. 51 086111
[19]	Ruta B, Pineda E, Evenson Z 2017 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 29 503002 Google Scholar
[20]	Ketkaew J, Chen W, Wang H, Datye A, Fan M, Pereira G, Schwarz U D, Liu Z, Yamada R, Dmowski W, Shattuck M D, O’Hern C S, Egami T, Bouchbinder E, Schroers J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3271 Google Scholar
[21]	Duan Y J, Yang D S, Qiao J C, Crespo D, Pelletier J M, Li L, Gao K, Zhang T 2020 Intermetallics 124 106846 Google Scholar
[22]	Cao Q, Huang D, Yang J, Wang F 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 076201 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhang S, Wang W, Guan P 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 016802 Google Scholar
[24]	Cangialosi D, Boucher V M, Alegría A, Colmenero J 2013 Soft Matter 9 8619 Google Scholar
[25]	Yang Y, Zeng J F, Volland A, Blandin J J, Gravier S, Liu C T 2012 Acta Mater. 60 5260 Google Scholar
[26]	Ramamurty U, Lee M L, Basu J, Li Y 2002 Scr. Mater. 47 107 Google Scholar
[27]	Zhu F, Nguyen H, Song S, Aji D P, Hirata A, Wang H, Nakajima K, Chen M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 1
[28]	Yeh J W, Chen S K, Lin S J, Gan J Y, Chin T S, Shun T T, Tsau C H, Chang S Y 2004 Adv. Eng. Mater. 6 299 Google Scholar
[29]	Zhang Y, Zuo T T, Tang Z, Gao M C, Dahmen K A, Liaw P K, Lu Z P 2014 Prog. Mater. Sci. 61 1 Google Scholar
[30]	Yang M, Liu X J, Wu Y, Wang H, Jiang S H, Wang X Z, Lu Z P 2020 Sci. Chin. Phys. Mech. 50 067003
[31]	Wang W H 2014 JOM 66 2067 Google Scholar
[32]	Takeuchi A, Chen N, Wada T, Yokoyama Y, Kato H, Inoue A, Yeh J W 2011 Intermetallics 19 1546 Google Scholar
[33]	Yang M, Liu X J, Wu Y, Wang H, Wang X Z, Lu Z P 2018 Mater. Res. Lett. 6 495 Google Scholar
[34]	Li Y, Wang S, Wang X, Yin M, Zhang W 2020 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 43 32 Google Scholar
[35]	Jalali A, Malekan M, Park E S, Rashidi R, Bahmani A, Yoo G H 2022 J. Alloys Compd. 892 162220 Google Scholar
[36]	Yang M, Liu X, Ruan H, Wu Y, Wang H, Lu Z 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 245112 Google Scholar
[37]	Zhang L, Duan Y, Crespo D, Pineda E, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier J M, Qiao J 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 119 051905 Google Scholar
[38]	Duan Y J, Qiao J C, Wada T, Kato H, Wang Y J, Pineda E, Crespo D 2021 Scr. Mater. 194 113675 Google Scholar
[39]	Yu H B, Wang W H, Samwer K 2013 Mater. Today 16 183 Google Scholar
[40]	Yu H B, Samwer K, Wu Y, Wang W H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095508 Google Scholar
[41]	Lu Z, Shang B S, Sun Y T, Zhu Z G, Guan P F, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2016 J. Chem. Phys. 144 144501 Google Scholar
[42]	Huang R, Suo Z, Prevost J H, Nix W D 2002 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50 1011 Google Scholar
[43]	Gauthier C, David L, Ladouce L, Quinson R, Perez J 1997 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65 2517 Google Scholar
[44]	Khonik V A 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 16401 Google Scholar
[45]	王峥, 汪卫华 2017 66 176103 Google Scholar Wang Z, Wang W H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 176103 Google Scholar
[46]	Wang Z, Sun B, Bai H, Wang W 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5823 Google Scholar
[47]	Ediger M D 2000 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51 99 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhao L Z, Li Y Z, Xue R J, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 154904 Google Scholar
[49]	Harmon J S, Demetriou M D, Johnson W L, Samwer K 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 135502 Google Scholar
[50]	Lu Z, Jiao W, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 045501 Google Scholar
[51]	汪卫华 2013 物理学进展 33 177 Wang W H 2013 Prog. Phys. 33 177
[52]	Pei C, Zhao R, Fang Y, Wu S, Cui Z, Sun B, Lan S, Luo P, Wang W, Feng T 2020 J. Alloys Compd. 836 155506 Google Scholar
[53]	Lu Z, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2015 Sci. Chin. Mater. 58 98 Google Scholar
[54]	Lau T T, Kushima A, Yip S 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 175501 Google Scholar
[55]	Jiao W, Wen P, Peng H, Bai H, Sun B, Wang W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 101903 Google Scholar
[56]	Spaepen F 1977 Acta Metall. 25 407 Google Scholar
[57]	Busch R, Schroers J, Wang W 2007 MRS Bull. 32 620 Google Scholar
[58]	Douglas J F, Dudowicz J, Freed K F 2006 J. Chem. Phys. 125 144907 Google Scholar
[59]	Jing J, Lu Z, Shen J, Wada T, Kato H, Chen M 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1 Google Scholar
[60]	Tao K, Qiao J C, He Q F, Song K K, Yang Y 2021 Int. J. Mech. Sci. 201 106469 Google Scholar
[61]	Caillard D, Martin J L 2003 Thermally Activated Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity (Elsevier)
[62]	Liang D, Wang X, Ge K, Cao Q, Jiang J 2014 J. Non·Cryst. Solids 383 97
[63]	Tong Y, Qiao J C, Zhang C, Pelletier J M, Yao Y 2016 J. Non·Cryst. Solids 452 57
[64]	Gibbs M, Evetts J, Leake J 1983 J. Mater. Sci. 18 278 Google Scholar

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Vol. 71, Issue 8 - 2022-04-20

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Dynamic relaxation characteristics and stress relaxation behavior of Pd-basedmetallic glass

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Dynamic relaxation characteristics and stress relaxation behavior of Pd-based metallic glass

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Dynamic relaxation characteristics and stress relaxation behavior of Pd-basedmetallic glass