含钨难熔高熵合金的制备、结构与性能

黄文军; 乔珺威; 陈顺华; 王雪姣; 吴玉程

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201986

摘要

高熵合金(high-entropy alloys, HEAs)作为一种新型多主元合金, 原子排列有序、化学无序, 具有高熵、晶格畸变、缓慢扩散、“鸡尾酒”等四大效应, 表现出优异的组合性能, 有望作为新型高温结构材料、耐磨性材料、抗辐照材料应用于航空航天、矿山机械、核聚变反应堆等领域. 本文介绍了目前含钨HEAs的发展现状、常用的制备方法、微观结构和相组成. 针对HEAs优异的综合性能, 总结了目前含钨难熔HEAs的力学性能、抗摩擦磨损、抗辐照等性能, 对含钨难熔HEAs后续的研究方向进行了展望.

关键词:

Abstract

As a new type of multi-principal component solid solution alloy, high-entropy alloy has the four major effects, i.e. high entropy, lattice distortion, slow diffusion, and “cocktail” in orderly arrangement of atoms and chemical disorder. It exhibits excellent comprehensive performances and is expected to be used as a new type of high-temperature structural material, wear-resistant material, and radiation-resistant material, which is used in the areas of aerospace, mining machinery, nuclear fusion reactors and others. In this paper, the present research status, conventional preparation methods, microstructures and phase compositions of tungsten high entropy alloys are mainly introduced. In view of the excellent comprehensive properties of high-entropy alloys, the mechanical properties, friction and wear resistance, and radiation resistance of tungsten high-entropy alloys are summarized, and the future research directions of tungsten high-entropy alloys are also prospected.

Keywords:

high-entropy alloy /
high temperature mechanical properties /
radiation resistance /
tungsten

作者及机构信息

1.
太原理工大学, 材料科学与工程学院高熵合金研究中心, 太原　030024

2.
太原理工大学, 新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室, 太原　030024

3.
合肥工业大学, 有色金属与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 合肥　230009

通信作者: 吴玉程, ycwu@hfut.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2014GB121000, 2019YFE03120002)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 514740830, 52020105014, 51828101)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Research Center for High-Entroy Alloys, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering of New Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

3.
National-Local Joint Engneering Research Center of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Corresponding author: Wu Yu-Cheng, ycwu@hfut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2014GB121000, 2019YFE03120002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 514740830, 52020105014, 51828101)

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施引文献

图 1 强度与温度的关系^[41]

Fig. 1. The relationship between strength and temperature^[41].

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图 2 NbMoTaWHEAs薄膜的制备与表征^[56]

Fig. 2. Fabrication and characterization of NbMoTaW HEA films^[56].

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图 3 增材制造示意图^[59]

Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of additive manufacturing^[59].

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图 4 NbMoTaW和VNbMoTaW的SEM背散射图像^[39]

Fig. 4. SEM backscatter electron images of a polished coss-section of NbMoTaW and VNbMoTaW^[39].

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图 5 室温工程应力应变曲线^[40,51]

Fig. 5. Compressive engineering stress-strain curves at room temperature^[40,51].

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图 6 CuMoTaWV难熔HEAs纳米柱及其工程应力应变曲线^[53]

Fig. 6. Nanopillar of CuMoTaWV: (a, b) before and (c) after the compression test, and (d) stress-strain plot from nanocompression^[53].

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图 7 合金屈服强度与温度的关系^[40]

Fig. 7. The temperature dependence of the yield stress of Nb₂₅Mo₂₅Ta₂₅W₂₅ and V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₂₀Ta₂₀W₂₀ HEAs and two superalloys, Inconel 718 and Haynes 230^[40].

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图 8 不同的工艺参数和基底制备MoFeCrTiWAlNbHEAs涂层的结果^[58]

Fig. 8. Wear volume loss of HEA coatings fabricated by laser cladding with various processing parameters and substrate after sliding time for 15 min^[58].

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图 9 相应图表的结构以及两种合金在每个滑动距离和所使用的计数器体的磨损率值 (a) 滑动距离400 m; (b) 滑动距离1000 m; (c) 滑动距离2000 m ^[99]

Fig. 9. Comparative diagrams of the volume loss (left) and the wear rate (right) of Mo₂₀Ta₂₀W₂₀Nb₂₀V₂₀ versus Inconel 718, tested with both an alumina and a steel ball for sliding distances of (a) 400 m, (b) 1000 m, and (c) 2000 m, respectively^[99].

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图 10 在1073 K下1–MeV Kr⁺²原位辐照HEAs的TEM明场显微图^[55]

Fig. 10. Bright-field TEM micrographs as a function of dpa of in situ 1–MeV Kr⁺²-irradiated HEA at 1073 K using a dpa rate of 0.0016 dpa/s: (A) Pre-irradiation; (B) 0.2 dpa; (C) 0.6 dpa; (D) 1.0 dpa; (E) 1.6 dpa; (F) 3.2 dpa; (G) 4.8 dpa; (H) 6.4 dpa; (I) 8 dpa^[55].

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图 11 合金准静态与动态下的真实应力应变曲线和在高速冲击下的侵彻性能^[76]

Fig. 11. The true compressive stress-strain curve of the alloy under quasi-static and dynamic conditions and its penetration performance under high-speed impact^[76].

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图 12 (CrNbTaTiW)C薄膜和不锈钢参考材料的动电位极化曲线^[80]

Fig. 12. Potential polarization curve of (CrNbTaTiW)C film and stainless steel^[80].

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表 1 近年来一些典型钨HEAs的相组成

Table 1. Phase composition of some typical Tungsten high entropy alloys in recent years.

年份	合金	条件	相	文献
2010	NbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[39]
2010	VNbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[39]
2012	Ti-Nb-Ta-W	MS	BCC	[60]
2015	CrFeNiV_0.5W_0.25	AC	FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNiV_0.5W_0.5	AC	BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNiV_0.5W_0.75	AC	BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNiV_0.5W	AC	BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNi₂V_0.5W_0.25	AC	FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNi₂V_0.5W_0.5	AC	FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNi₂V_0.5W_0.75	AC	BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	CrFeNi₂V_0.5W	AC	BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $	[61]
2015	Cr_0.5VNbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[62]
2015	CrVNbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[62]
2015	Cr₂VNbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[62]
2016	VZrMoTaW	AC(+A)	BCC+ BCC+HCP+Laves	[63]
2016	VNbTaW	AC	BCC	[64]
2016	TiVNbTaW	AC	BCC	[64]
2017	TiNbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[65]
2017	TiVNbMoTaW	AC	BCC	[65]
2017	Ti_xNbMoTaW (x = 0–1)	AC	BCC	[66]
2017	TiVCrTaW_x	MA+SPS	BCC	[67]
2018	VCrMoTaW	MA	BCC	[68]
2018	V₁₁Cr₁₅Ta₃₆W₃₈	MS	BCC	[55]
2018	AlTiCrFeNbMoW	LC	BCC+IM	[58]
2018	Ti₈Nb₂₃Mo₂₃Ta₂₃W₂₃	MA+SPS	BCC+Carbide	[51]
2018	VCrFeTa_xW_x(x = 0.1, 0.2)	AC	BCC	[69]
2018	VCrFeTa_xW_x(x = 0.3)	AC	BCC1+BCC2	[69]
2018	VCrFeTa_xW_x (x = 0.4, 1)	AC	BCC1+BCC2+Laves	[69]
2018	VNbMoTaW	MA+HPHT	BCC	[50]
2019	VCuMoTaW	MA	BCC	[49,53]
2019	V_26.4Cr_31.3Mo_23.6W_18.7	AC	BCC	[70]
2019	TiNiNbTaW	AC	BCC+$ \mu $	[71]
2019	Al₁₀Ti₁₈Ni₁₈Nb₁₈Ta₁₈W₁₈	AC	BCC+$ \mu $+L2₁	[71]
2019	VCrNbMoTaW	MA+SPS	BCC+Laves	[48]
2019	Ti_34.4Nb_32.9Mo₁₇W_15.7	AC	BCC	[72]
2019	Mo-Ru-RhW-Ir	AC	BCC+HCP+FCC	[73,74]
2019	AlTiCrFe_1.5Nb_xMoW (x = 1.5–3)	LC	BCC+MC+Laves	[75]
2019	TiCrNbMoW	MA+SPS	BCC+Laves	[47]
2020	FeNiMoW	AC	FCC+BCC+$ \mu $	[76]
2020	V_2.5Cr_1.2Co_0.04MoW	AC	BCC	[77]
2020	NbMoReTaWTa	AC+A	BCC	[44]
2020	(TiNbMoW)_100–_xCr_x (x = 5–20)	MA+SPS	BCC+Laves	[43]
2020	(VNbMoTaW)₉₉B₁	MA+HPHT	BCC	[78]
AC = 铸造, MS = 磁控溅射, A = 热处理, MA = 球磨, SPS = 放电等离子烧结, LC = 激光熔覆, HPHT = 高压/高压固结技术

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