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In hypersonic flight, a very high temperature area can form ahead of the nose of aerocraft due to the shock aerodynamic heating, which leads to air weakly ionized. Many researchers have demonstrated that it is effective to control flow by utilizing the interaction between weakly ionized air and a magnetic field. Most of previous researches focus on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat shield, because the Lorentz force can increase the shock stand-off distance, further reduce convective heat flux. In this study, the MHD force effect is mainly considered, and the MHD drag characters under different types of magnetic field are discussed.The numerical simulation of hypersonic hemispherical flow field with external magnetic field is carried out by using a low magnetic-Reynolds MHD model. Three kinds of simple ideal magnetic fields (axial, radial and circle uniformly distributed magnetic field) are compared and analyzed. The influence and mechanism of the structure of the flow field, the aerodynamic drag and the Lorentz resistance of different magnetic fields are analyzed. It is found that under the radial ‘extrusion’ effect of the axial magnetic field, the shock wave shape is protruded and a ‘saturation phenomenon’ of pressure exists on the wall; the radial magnetic field has the axial ‘extrusion’ effect, the larger magnetic field intensity will lead to the formation of the high temperature area of the shoulder, and the induced electric field in the circle magnetic field leads to the poor effect of increasing resistance. Then the flow fields of two special magnetic fields (dipole magnetic field and solenoid magnetic field) are compared, and the radial ‘dilatation’ effect is found to be different from the ideal magnetic field. Compared with the Lorentz force under the different magnetic fields, the Lorentz force in the radial magnetic field is found to be concentrated in the high temperature area of the shoulder, and the Lorentz force is generally small under the circle magnetic field. The direction near the standing point will have an adverse effect, i.e., the resistance increases. In the specially distributed magnetic field, the direction of Lorentz force near the shoulder is approximately parallel to that of the shoulder, while the direction near the standing point is approximately perpendicular to the axis. Compared with the dipole magnetic field, the solenoid magnetic field with high Lorentz force region is close to the shoulder, so it will have good resistance enhancement effect. The influence of the dipole magnetic field on the wall pressure is weak. The effect of increasing resistance, caused by the magnetic field induced electric field, evolves from weak to strong in the following sequence:radial magnetic field, solenoid magnetic field, axial magnetic field, dipole magnetic field and circle magnetic field.
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Keywords:
- magnetohydrodynamic control /
- hypersonic vehicles /
- aerodynamic-drag character /
- magnetic-field types
[1] Li G J, Zhang W R, Yin Y S, Cheng Z Q 2004 Ceramics 2 28 (in Chinese)[李贵佳, 张伟儒, 尹衍升, 程之强 2004 陶瓷 2 28]
[2] Lu H B, Liu W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 064703 (in Chinese)[陆海波, 刘伟强 2012 61 064703]
[3] Liu W Q, Nie T, Sun J, Lu H B, Rong Y S, Liu H P, Xie L Y 2013 China Patent ZL 2013101122957[2015-04-15] (in Chinese)[刘伟强, 聂涛, 孙健, 陆海波, 戎宜生, 刘洪鹏, 谢伦娅 2013 国家发明专利 ZL 2013101122957]
[4] Yang X W, Liao Y B, Zhang D Y 2007 J. Exper. Fluid Mech. 21 49 (in Chinese)[杨贤文, 廖翼兵, 张德宇 2007 实验流体力学 21 49]
[5] Zhao Z H 1995 Spacecraft Recovery 16 13 (in Chinese)[赵祖虎 1995 航天返回与遥感 16 13]
[6] Shimosawa Y, Fujino T 2016 J. Spacecraft Rockets 53 1
[7] Fujino T, Ishikawa M 2013 44th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference San Diego, CA, June 24-27, 2013 p3000
[8] Bityurin V A, Bocharov A N 2009 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition Orlando, Florida, January 5-8, 2009 p1230
[9] Sheikin E G 2007 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Reno, Nevada, January 8-11, 2007 p1379
[10] Sheikin E G 2010 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition Orlando, Florida, January 4-7, 2010 p832
[11] Shang J S, Surzhikov S T, Kimmel R, Gaitonde D, Menart J, Hayes J 2005 Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 41 642
[12] Li K, Liu W Q 2016 J. NUDT 38 02025 (in Chinese)[李开, 刘伟强 2016 国防科技大学学报 38 02025]
[13] Li K, Liu W Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 064701 (in Chinese)[李开, 刘伟强 2016 65 064701]
[14] Li K, Liu J, Liu W Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 084702 (in Chinese)[李开, 柳军, 刘伟强 2017 66 084702]
[15] Li K, Liu J, Liu W Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054701 (in Chinese)[李开, 柳军, 刘伟强 2017 66 054701]
[16] Masuda K, Shimosawa Y, Fujino T 2015 6th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference Dallas, TX, June 22-26, 2015 p3366
[17] Zhang S H, Zhao H, Du A M, Cao X 2013 Sci. China:Tech. Sci. 43 1242 (in Chinese)[张绍华, 赵华, 杜爱民, 曹馨 2013 中国科学:技术科学43 1242]
[18] Ding C Y 2014 M. S. Thesis (Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology) (in Chinese)[丁朝阳 2014 硕士学位论文 (哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学)]
[19] Liu Q 2013 M. S. Thesis (Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology) (in Chinese)[刘强 2013 硕士学位论文 (哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学)]
[20] Raizer Y P 1991 Gas Discharge Physics (New York:Springer-Verlag) p281
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[1] Li G J, Zhang W R, Yin Y S, Cheng Z Q 2004 Ceramics 2 28 (in Chinese)[李贵佳, 张伟儒, 尹衍升, 程之强 2004 陶瓷 2 28]
[2] Lu H B, Liu W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 064703 (in Chinese)[陆海波, 刘伟强 2012 61 064703]
[3] Liu W Q, Nie T, Sun J, Lu H B, Rong Y S, Liu H P, Xie L Y 2013 China Patent ZL 2013101122957[2015-04-15] (in Chinese)[刘伟强, 聂涛, 孙健, 陆海波, 戎宜生, 刘洪鹏, 谢伦娅 2013 国家发明专利 ZL 2013101122957]
[4] Yang X W, Liao Y B, Zhang D Y 2007 J. Exper. Fluid Mech. 21 49 (in Chinese)[杨贤文, 廖翼兵, 张德宇 2007 实验流体力学 21 49]
[5] Zhao Z H 1995 Spacecraft Recovery 16 13 (in Chinese)[赵祖虎 1995 航天返回与遥感 16 13]
[6] Shimosawa Y, Fujino T 2016 J. Spacecraft Rockets 53 1
[7] Fujino T, Ishikawa M 2013 44th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference San Diego, CA, June 24-27, 2013 p3000
[8] Bityurin V A, Bocharov A N 2009 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition Orlando, Florida, January 5-8, 2009 p1230
[9] Sheikin E G 2007 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Reno, Nevada, January 8-11, 2007 p1379
[10] Sheikin E G 2010 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition Orlando, Florida, January 4-7, 2010 p832
[11] Shang J S, Surzhikov S T, Kimmel R, Gaitonde D, Menart J, Hayes J 2005 Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 41 642
[12] Li K, Liu W Q 2016 J. NUDT 38 02025 (in Chinese)[李开, 刘伟强 2016 国防科技大学学报 38 02025]
[13] Li K, Liu W Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 064701 (in Chinese)[李开, 刘伟强 2016 65 064701]
[14] Li K, Liu J, Liu W Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 084702 (in Chinese)[李开, 柳军, 刘伟强 2017 66 084702]
[15] Li K, Liu J, Liu W Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054701 (in Chinese)[李开, 柳军, 刘伟强 2017 66 054701]
[16] Masuda K, Shimosawa Y, Fujino T 2015 6th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference Dallas, TX, June 22-26, 2015 p3366
[17] Zhang S H, Zhao H, Du A M, Cao X 2013 Sci. China:Tech. Sci. 43 1242 (in Chinese)[张绍华, 赵华, 杜爱民, 曹馨 2013 中国科学:技术科学43 1242]
[18] Ding C Y 2014 M. S. Thesis (Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology) (in Chinese)[丁朝阳 2014 硕士学位论文 (哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学)]
[19] Liu Q 2013 M. S. Thesis (Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology) (in Chinese)[刘强 2013 硕士学位论文 (哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学)]
[20] Raizer Y P 1991 Gas Discharge Physics (New York:Springer-Verlag) p281
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