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In this paper ferrofluid is infiltrated in the index-guiding microstructured optical fiber (MOF) by the well-known capillary force and air pressure. The influences of the length and concentration of filled fiber on its guidance property are analyzed. Based on the response of fluid refractive index to temperature, the temperature sensitivities of filled MOF with different lengths are investigated without applying any external magnetic field. The results show that the short-wavelength edge of the absorption spectrum near 1460 nm remains unchanged, while the long-wavelength profile is sensitive to the temperature and the transmission power of the filled MOF decreases with the increase of temperature. There is a linear relationship between temperature and transmission power of the filled MOF. For the device with a length of 10 cm, its temperature sensitivity reaches 0.06 dB/℃. Combining the excellent thermo-optic effect of ferrofluid with MOF, the single edge of the device could be tuned by the temperature. It is potential to be used as a thermo-optic modulator, filter, and other adjustable photonics device. Considering a large number of magnetically tunable ferrofluids available and the high degree of freedom in MOF design, ferrofluid-filled MOF shows still a great promise and underexplored possibilities for both basic and applied research, opening new perspectives in optical telecommunication, all-optical switching and fiber-optic sensing applications, such as magnetic field sensors. The present study can offer an effective method for the novel technique and structure of all-in-fiber photonic devices.
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Keywords:
- microstructured optical fiber /
- functional material /
- thermo-optic effect /
- temperature sensor
[1] Birks T A, Knight J C, Russell St P J 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 961
[2] Lee C, Chen C, Kao C, Yu C, Yeh S, Cheng W, Lin T 2010 Opt. Express 18 2814
[3] Wei L, Alkeskjold T T, Bjarklev A 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1608
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[7] Bise R T, Windeler R S, Kranz K S, Kerbage C, Eggleton B J, Trevor D J 2002 Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference Anaheim, USA, March 17-22, 2002 ThK3
[8] Larsen T, Bjarklev A, Hermann D 2003 Opt. Express 11 2589
[9] Kawanishi S, Komukai T 2007 Lasers and Electro-Optics Baltimore, USA, May 6-11, 2007 p4453012
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[21] Yang X H, Liu Y X, Tian F J, Yuan L B, Liu Z H, Luo S Z, Zhao E M 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 2115
[22] Du T, Yuan S, Luo W 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 1844
[23] Du T, Luo W 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 272
[24] Luo W, Du T, Huang J 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 201 88
[25] Liberts G, Mitrofanov Y, Cebers A 2003 Proc. SPIE 94 5123
[26] Pu S L, Chen X F, Liao W, Chen L, Chen Y, Xia Y 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 5930
[27] Chen Y F, Yang S Y, Tse W S, Horng H E, Hong C Y, Yang H C 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 348
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[1] Birks T A, Knight J C, Russell St P J 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 961
[2] Lee C, Chen C, Kao C, Yu C, Yeh S, Cheng W, Lin T 2010 Opt. Express 18 2814
[3] Wei L, Alkeskjold T T, Bjarklev A 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1608
[4] Wang Y P, Jin W, Jin L, Tan X L, Bartelt H, Ecke W, Moerl K, Schroeder K, Spittel R, Willsch R, Kobelke J, Rothhardt M, Shan L, Brueckner S 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3683
[5] Steinvurzel P, Moore E D, Mägi E C, Eggleton B J 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 2103
[6] Kerbage C, Hale A, Yablon A, Windeler R S, Eggleton B J 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 3191
[7] Bise R T, Windeler R S, Kranz K S, Kerbage C, Eggleton B J, Trevor D J 2002 Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference Anaheim, USA, March 17-22, 2002 ThK3
[8] Larsen T, Bjarklev A, Hermann D 2003 Opt. Express 11 2589
[9] Kawanishi S, Komukai T 2007 Lasers and Electro-Optics Baltimore, USA, May 6-11, 2007 p4453012
[10] Choi S Y, Cho D K, Song Y W 2012 Opt. Express 20 5652
[11] Rongrui H, Pier J A S, Anna C P, Noel H, Justin R S, Mahesh K, Venkatraman G, John V B 2012 Nature Photonics 6 174
[12] Du Y, Li S G, Liu S 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 94219
[13] Psaltis D, Quake S R, Yang C 2006 Nature 442 381
[14] Huang Y W, Hu S T, Yang S Y, Horng H E, Hung J C, Hong C Y, Yang H C, Chao C H, Lin C F 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1867
[15] Horng H E, Chieh J J, Chao Y H, Yang S Y, Hong C Y, Yang H C 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 543
[16] Pu S, Chen X, Chen Y, Xu Y, Liao W, Chen L, Xia Y 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 093516
[17] Trigt C 1997 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14 741
[18] Thakur H V, Nalawade S M, Gupta S, Kitture R, Kale S N 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 161101
[19] Candiani A, Konstantaki M, Margulis W 2010 Opt. Express 18 24654
[20] Alessandro C, Walter M, Carola S, Maria K, Stavros P 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 2548
[21] Yang X H, Liu Y X, Tian F J, Yuan L B, Liu Z H, Luo S Z, Zhao E M 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 2115
[22] Du T, Yuan S, Luo W 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 1844
[23] Du T, Luo W 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 272
[24] Luo W, Du T, Huang J 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 201 88
[25] Liberts G, Mitrofanov Y, Cebers A 2003 Proc. SPIE 94 5123
[26] Pu S L, Chen X F, Liao W, Chen L, Chen Y, Xia Y 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 5930
[27] Chen Y F, Yang S Y, Tse W S, Horng H E, Hong C Y, Yang H C 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 348
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