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When the working frequencies of vacuum electronic devices reach the terahertz frequency (0.1–10 THz), the Ohmic loss has a great impact on the vacuum electronic devices. To study the effect of the Ohmic loss on the working characteristic of the vacuum electronic devices in the terahertz band, this paper presents the boundary condition of surface impedance used in the 2.5-dimensional fully electromagnetic particle simulation code UNIPIC, which is verified by simulating the terahertz wave in the circular copper waveguide; the simulation result indicates that the code can correctly simulate the propagation of terahertz waves in the waveguide with an Ohmic loss. Then, the coaxial surface wave oscillators (SWO) with slow wave structures (SWS) made of different metals are numerically studied by using the above code, and the dependences of output power on the SWOs with different metal SWSs are analyzed. Numerical results show that the metal conductivity has a considerable effect on the output power of the device: When the conductance of the metal decreases, the quality factor of the device becomes smaller, the start-up time becomes longer, also the output power of the device decreases also. For the coaxial SWOs operating at 0.14 THz, the output powers from the copper and stainless steel SWSs are reduced by 13.4% and 63.9%, the start-up times of the devices are delayed by 0.4 ns and 15 ns, respectively. Meanwhile, the working frequencies of the devices with the SWSs made of different metals keep unchanged.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- surface wave oscillators /
- boundary condition of surface impedance /
- particle simulation
[1] Booske J H, Dobbs R J, Joye C D, Kory C L, Neil G R, Park G, Park J, Temkin R J 2011 IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Techn 1 54
[2] Glyavin M Y, Luchinin A G, Golubiatnikov G Y 2008 Phys.Rev.Lett. 100 015101
[3] Idehara T, Tsuchiya H, Watanabe O, Agusu L, Mitsudo S 2006 Int. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves 27 319
[4] Agusu L, Idehara T, Mori H Saito T, Ogawa I, Mitsudo S 2007 Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves 28 315
[5] Bhattacharjee S, Booske J H, Kory C L, van der Weide D W, Limbach S, Gallagher S, Welter J D Lopez M R, Gilgenbach R M, Ives R L, Read M E, Divan R, Mancini D C 2004 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 32 1002
[6] Fu W J, Yan Y, Yuan X S, Liu S G 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 023103
[7] Gong Y B, Yin H R, Yue L N, Lu Z G Wei Y Y Feng J J Duan Z Y, Xu X 2011 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 39 847
[8] Zhang F, Dong Z W, Dong Y 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 989 (in Chinese) [张芳, 董志伟, 董烨 2012 强激光与粒子束 24 989]
[9] Zhang H, Wang J G, Tong C J, Li X Z, Wang G Q 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 123104
[10] Li X Z, Wang J G, Song Z M, Chen C H, Sun J, Zhang X W, Zhang Y C 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 083111
[11] Wang G Q, Wang J G, Tong C J, Li X Z, Wang X F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 030702 (in Chinese) [王光强, 王建国, 童长江, 李小泽, 王雪锋 2011 60 030702]
[12] Wang G Q, Wang J G, Li X Z, Fan R Y, Wang X Z, Wang X F, Tong C J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8459 (in Chinese) [王光强, 王建国, 李小泽, 范如玉, 王行舟, 王雪锋, 童长江 2010 59 8459]
[13] Wang G Q, Wang J G, Tong C J, Li X Z, Wang X F, Li S, Lu X C 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 043105
[14] Li X Z, Wang J G, Sun J, Song Z M, Ye H, Zhang Y C, Zhang L J, Zhang L G 2013 IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 60 2931
[15] Chen Z G, Wang J G, Wang G Q, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang D H, Qiao H L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 110703 (in Chinese) [陈再高, 王建国, 王光强, 李爽, 王玥, 张殿辉, 乔海亮 2014 63 110703]
[16] Chen Z G, Wang J G, Wang G Q, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang D H, Qiao H L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 110703 (in Chinese) [陈再高, 王建国, 王光强, 李爽, 王玥, 张殿辉, 乔海亮 2014 63 110703]
[17] Ginzburg N S, Zotova I V, Sergeev A S, Zaslavsky V Yu, Zheleznov I V 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 105101
[18] Wang J G 2013 Modern Applied Physics 4 251 (in Chinese) [王建国 2013 现代应用物理 4 251]
[19] Zaslavsky V Yu, Ginzburg N S, Glyavin M Yu, Zheleznov I V, Zotova I V 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 043103
[20] Beggs J, Luebbers R Yee K, Kunz K 1992 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 40 49
[21] Wang J G, Zhang D H, Liu C L, Li Y D, Wang Y, Wang H G, Qiao H L, Li X Z 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 033108
[22] Wang J G, Wang Y, Zhang D H 2006 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 34 681
[23] Wang J G, Chen Z G, Wang Y, Zhang D H, Liu C L, Li Y D, Wang H G, Qiao H L, Fu M Y, Yuan Y 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 073107
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[1] Booske J H, Dobbs R J, Joye C D, Kory C L, Neil G R, Park G, Park J, Temkin R J 2011 IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Techn 1 54
[2] Glyavin M Y, Luchinin A G, Golubiatnikov G Y 2008 Phys.Rev.Lett. 100 015101
[3] Idehara T, Tsuchiya H, Watanabe O, Agusu L, Mitsudo S 2006 Int. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves 27 319
[4] Agusu L, Idehara T, Mori H Saito T, Ogawa I, Mitsudo S 2007 Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves 28 315
[5] Bhattacharjee S, Booske J H, Kory C L, van der Weide D W, Limbach S, Gallagher S, Welter J D Lopez M R, Gilgenbach R M, Ives R L, Read M E, Divan R, Mancini D C 2004 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 32 1002
[6] Fu W J, Yan Y, Yuan X S, Liu S G 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 023103
[7] Gong Y B, Yin H R, Yue L N, Lu Z G Wei Y Y Feng J J Duan Z Y, Xu X 2011 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 39 847
[8] Zhang F, Dong Z W, Dong Y 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 989 (in Chinese) [张芳, 董志伟, 董烨 2012 强激光与粒子束 24 989]
[9] Zhang H, Wang J G, Tong C J, Li X Z, Wang G Q 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 123104
[10] Li X Z, Wang J G, Song Z M, Chen C H, Sun J, Zhang X W, Zhang Y C 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 083111
[11] Wang G Q, Wang J G, Tong C J, Li X Z, Wang X F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 030702 (in Chinese) [王光强, 王建国, 童长江, 李小泽, 王雪锋 2011 60 030702]
[12] Wang G Q, Wang J G, Li X Z, Fan R Y, Wang X Z, Wang X F, Tong C J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8459 (in Chinese) [王光强, 王建国, 李小泽, 范如玉, 王行舟, 王雪锋, 童长江 2010 59 8459]
[13] Wang G Q, Wang J G, Tong C J, Li X Z, Wang X F, Li S, Lu X C 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 043105
[14] Li X Z, Wang J G, Sun J, Song Z M, Ye H, Zhang Y C, Zhang L J, Zhang L G 2013 IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 60 2931
[15] Chen Z G, Wang J G, Wang G Q, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang D H, Qiao H L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 110703 (in Chinese) [陈再高, 王建国, 王光强, 李爽, 王玥, 张殿辉, 乔海亮 2014 63 110703]
[16] Chen Z G, Wang J G, Wang G Q, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang D H, Qiao H L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 110703 (in Chinese) [陈再高, 王建国, 王光强, 李爽, 王玥, 张殿辉, 乔海亮 2014 63 110703]
[17] Ginzburg N S, Zotova I V, Sergeev A S, Zaslavsky V Yu, Zheleznov I V 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 105101
[18] Wang J G 2013 Modern Applied Physics 4 251 (in Chinese) [王建国 2013 现代应用物理 4 251]
[19] Zaslavsky V Yu, Ginzburg N S, Glyavin M Yu, Zheleznov I V, Zotova I V 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 043103
[20] Beggs J, Luebbers R Yee K, Kunz K 1992 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 40 49
[21] Wang J G, Zhang D H, Liu C L, Li Y D, Wang Y, Wang H G, Qiao H L, Li X Z 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 033108
[22] Wang J G, Wang Y, Zhang D H 2006 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 34 681
[23] Wang J G, Chen Z G, Wang Y, Zhang D H, Liu C L, Li Y D, Wang H G, Qiao H L, Fu M Y, Yuan Y 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 073107
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