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The synergistic catalytic mechanism of anion, cation ions in TiF3, TiCl3 catalysts for LiBH4 has been studied by first-principles method based on density functional theory. According to the results, Ti metal doping in LiBH4 is not easy realized with respect to halogen elements. Co-doping with transition metal and elements in halogen family is achieved easier than doping with Ti alone. For TiF3 catalyst, to achieve doping with one kind of element is helpful to doping with another kind of element, which accordingly results in the increase of doping concentration. Based on the analysis of the electronic structure, we find that doping with halogen element alone can reduce the stability of LiBH4; while doping with Ti alone leads to the rise of Fermi level; the introduction of defect energy level and the weakening of B-H bond; these may be responsible for improving greatly the desorption kinetics of LiBH4 by titanium halide catalysts. The improvement of the dehydrogenating kinetics of LiBH4 with titanium halide catalyst additives is mainly due to the B-H bond weakening, which makes H atom diffuse easily. For TiF3, TiCl3 catalysts, in the reversible desorption process of LiBH4, F and Ti have synergistic action for the B-H bond weakening, but the synergistic action of Cl and Ti is not obvious, this may be the reason for the advantage of TiF3 over TiCl3 in LiBH4 catalytic reaction.
[1] Schlapbach L, Zttel A 2001 Nature 414 353
[2] Mauron P, Buchter F, Friedrichs O, Remhof A, Bielm- ann M, Zwicky C N, Zttel A 2008 J. Phys. Chem. B 112 906
[3] Vajo J J, Skeith S L 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 3719
[4] Orimo S, Nakamori Y, Kitahara G, Miwa K, Ohba N, Towata S, Zttel A 2005 J. Alloys. Compd. 404-406 427
[5] Gross A F, Vajo J J, VanAtta S L, Olson G L 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 5651
[6] Guo Y H, Yu X B, Gao L, Xia G L, Guo Z P, Liu H K 2010 Energy Environ. Sci. 3 465
[7] Au M, Jurgensen A R, Spencer W A, Anton D L, Pinkerton F E, Hwang S J, Kim C, Bowman Jr R C 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 18661
[8] Fang Z Z, Kang X D, Yang Z X, Walker G S, Wang P 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 11839
[9] Yin L C, Wang P, Fang Z Z, Cheng H M 2008 Chem. Phys. Lett. 450 318
[10] Li C, Zhou D W, Peng P, Wan L 2012 Acta Chim. Sin. 70 71 (in Chinese) [李闯, 周惦武, 彭平, 万隆 2012 化学学报 70 71]
[11] Li G L, Zhang G Y, Zhang H, Zhu S L 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 038801
[12] Zhang G Y, Liu G L, Zhang H 2012 Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22 1717
[13] Segall M D, Lindan P J D, Probert M J, Pickard C J, Hasnip P J, Clark S J, Payne M C 2002 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14 2717
[14] Marlo M, Milman V 2000 Phys. Rev. B 62 2899
[15] Vanderbilt D 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 7892
[16] Soulie J Ph, Renaudin G, Cerny R, Yvon K 2002 J. Alloys. Compd. 346 200
[17] van De Walle C G, Neugerbauer J 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 3851
[18] Hoang K, van de Walle C G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 214109
[19] Zhang H, Xiao M Z, Zhang G Y, Lu G X, Zhu S L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 026103 (in Chinese) [张辉, 肖明珠, 张国英, 路广霞, 朱圣龙 2011 60 026103]
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[1] Schlapbach L, Zttel A 2001 Nature 414 353
[2] Mauron P, Buchter F, Friedrichs O, Remhof A, Bielm- ann M, Zwicky C N, Zttel A 2008 J. Phys. Chem. B 112 906
[3] Vajo J J, Skeith S L 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 3719
[4] Orimo S, Nakamori Y, Kitahara G, Miwa K, Ohba N, Towata S, Zttel A 2005 J. Alloys. Compd. 404-406 427
[5] Gross A F, Vajo J J, VanAtta S L, Olson G L 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 5651
[6] Guo Y H, Yu X B, Gao L, Xia G L, Guo Z P, Liu H K 2010 Energy Environ. Sci. 3 465
[7] Au M, Jurgensen A R, Spencer W A, Anton D L, Pinkerton F E, Hwang S J, Kim C, Bowman Jr R C 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 18661
[8] Fang Z Z, Kang X D, Yang Z X, Walker G S, Wang P 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 11839
[9] Yin L C, Wang P, Fang Z Z, Cheng H M 2008 Chem. Phys. Lett. 450 318
[10] Li C, Zhou D W, Peng P, Wan L 2012 Acta Chim. Sin. 70 71 (in Chinese) [李闯, 周惦武, 彭平, 万隆 2012 化学学报 70 71]
[11] Li G L, Zhang G Y, Zhang H, Zhu S L 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 038801
[12] Zhang G Y, Liu G L, Zhang H 2012 Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22 1717
[13] Segall M D, Lindan P J D, Probert M J, Pickard C J, Hasnip P J, Clark S J, Payne M C 2002 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14 2717
[14] Marlo M, Milman V 2000 Phys. Rev. B 62 2899
[15] Vanderbilt D 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 7892
[16] Soulie J Ph, Renaudin G, Cerny R, Yvon K 2002 J. Alloys. Compd. 346 200
[17] van De Walle C G, Neugerbauer J 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 3851
[18] Hoang K, van de Walle C G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 214109
[19] Zhang H, Xiao M Z, Zhang G Y, Lu G X, Zhu S L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 026103 (in Chinese) [张辉, 肖明珠, 张国英, 路广霞, 朱圣龙 2011 60 026103]
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