Biomedical microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging

Wang Yu; Zhang Hui-Min; Qin Huan

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230732

Abstract

Microwave thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) is an exciting imaging technique rooted from the underlying principle of exploiting the distinct electrical properties of biological tissues. By using short-pulsed microwaves as a stimulation source and their interaction with the human body, MTAI has paved the way for revolutionary advancements in medical imaging. When microwaves are absorbed by polar molecules and ions within the tissues, an ingenious thermoelastic effect gives rise to ultrasound waves. These ultrasound waves, brimming with invaluable pathological and physiological insights, propagate outward, carrying the essence of the composition and functionality of biological tissue. Through a meticulous collection of ultrasound signals from all directions surrounding the tissue, it becomes possible to reconstruct intricate internal structures and visualize the tissue's functional dynamics. The MTAI excels in non-invasiveness, capable of delving several centimeters beneath the surface with a microscopic resolution on the order of micrometers. The magic lies in converting microwave energy into ultrasound waves, entering into the hidden depths of tissues without causing harm. This groundbreaking imaging modality unlocks a realm of possibilities for acquiring profound insights into the intricate structures and functionality of deep-seated tissues. Furthermore, the inherent polarization characteristics of microwaves empower MTAI to capture additional dimensions of information, unraveling the intricate polarization properties and illuminating a richer understanding of the tissue's complexity. The great potential of MTAI extends far and wide within the medicine field. It has made remarkable achievements in non-invasive imaging of brain structures, screening breast tumors, visualizing human arthritis, and detecting liver fat content. These accomplishments have laid a solid foundation, firmly establishing MTAI as a trailblazing medical imaging technique. The present study offers a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the physical principles underpinning MTAI, the sophisticated system devices involved, and the recent groundbreaking research breakthroughs. Moreover, it delves into the exciting prospects and challenges that lie ahead in the future development of MTAI. As the technology continues to progress by leaps and bounds, MTAI is ready to break down barriers, and usher in a new era of unmatched imaging quality and performance. This, in turn, will open the floodgates for transformative innovations and applications in medical diagnosis and treatment. The anticipation is palpable as MTAI strives to make substantial contributions to the ever-developing medical imaging field, bestowing upon humanity more accurate, reliable, and life-enhancing diagnostic capabilities.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education,South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
3.
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
4.
College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

Corresponding author: Qin Huan, qinghuan@scnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62075066), the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2023A1515010824), and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant No. 202201010718).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Ketcham R A, Carlson W D 2001 Comput. Geosci. 27 381 Google Scholar
[2]	Bushong S C, Clarke G 2003 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical and Biological Principles (Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences) pp58–65
[3]	Bushberg J T, Boone J M 2011 The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) pp171–202
[4]	Haribabu V, Girigoswami K, Sharmiladevi P, Girigoswami A 2020 ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 6 4377 Google Scholar
[5]	Chan V, Perlas A 2011 Atlas of Ultrasound-guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management (New York: Springer) p13
[6]	Nguyen K C T, Le L H, Kaipatur N R, Zheng R, Lou E H, Major P W 2016 Ann. Biomed. Eng. 44 2874 Google Scholar
[7]	Wang H, Liu N 2020 J. Med. Imaging Health Inf. 10 918 Google Scholar
[8]	Xu M H, Ku G, Jin X, Wang L V, Fornage B D, Hunt K K 2005 The Sixth Conference on Biomedical Thermoacoustics, Optoacoustics, and Acousto-optics 5697 45
[9]	Behari J 2019 Radio Frequency and Microwave Effects on Biological Tissues (New York: CRC Press) pp63–82
[10]	Chen H, Tang X, Nie G, Wang Z, Hu J, Hu J, Qin H 2023 J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 16 2243002 Google Scholar
[11]	Lin J C 2005 Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems (Boston: Springer) p41
[12]	Zhao S X, Wang H H, Li Y J, Nie L M, Zhang S X, Xing D, Qin H 2021 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 69 725
[13]	Rahpeima R, Soltani M, Kashkooli F M 2020 Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 196 105606 Google Scholar
[14]	Liu Q, Liang X, Li T, Chao W, Qi W Z, Jin T, Gong Y, Jiang H B, Xi L 2023 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 42 2425
[15]	Zhao Y, Shan T, Chi Z H, Jiang H B 2020 J. Xray Sci. Technol. 28 83
[16]	Ren M Y, Cheng Z W, Wu L H, et al. 2023 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 70 175 Google Scholar
[17]	Chi Z H, Huang L, Wu D, Long X J, Xu X L, Jiang H B 2022 Med. Phys. 49 84 Google Scholar
[18]	Vander Vorst A, Rosen A, Kotsuka Y 2006 RF/microwave Interaction With Biological Tissues (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons) pp30–38
[19]	Schwan H P, Foster K R 1980 Proc. IEEE 68 104 Google Scholar
[20]	Foster K R, Schwan H P 2019 CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (Boca Raton: CRC press) pp27–76
[21]	Fiedler T M, Ladd M E, Bitz A K 2018 Neuroimage 168 33 Google Scholar
[22]	Williams J M 2001 arXiv: 0102007 [physics.gen-ph
[23]	Bacon C, Guilliorit E, Hosten B, Chimenti D E 2001 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110 1398 Google Scholar
[24]	Dagro A M, Wilkerson J W, Thomas T P, Kalinosky B T, Payne J A 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabd8405 Google Scholar
[25]	Zhang X C, Xu J 2010 Introduction to THz Wave Photonics (Vol. 29) (New York: Springer) pp70–82
[26]	Drain L 2019 Laser Ultrasonics: Techniques and Applications (New York: Routledge) pp305–322
[27]	Paltauf G, Dyer P E 2003 Chem. Rev. 103 487 Google Scholar
[28]	Harris C M, Piersol A G 2002 Harris’ Shock and Vibration Handbook (Vol. 5) (New York: McGraw-Hill) p21
[29]	Drebushchak V 2020 J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 142 1097 Google Scholar
[30]	Gao F, Zheng Q, Zheng Y J 2014 Med. Phys. 41 053302 Google Scholar
[31]	Luo W L, Ji Z, Yang S H, Xing D 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 10 1728
[32]	Lou C G, Yang S H, Ji Z, Chen Q, Xing D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 218101 Google Scholar
[33]	Ji Z, Lou C G, Yang S H, Xing D 2012 Med. Phys. 39 6738 Google Scholar
[34]	Yan J, Tao C J, Wu S Z 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference Shanghai, China, 17–18 January 2006 p1521
[35]	Lou C G, Nie L M, Xu D 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 083101 Google Scholar
[36]	Ji Z, Ding W Z, Ye F H, Lou C G, Xing D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 094104 Google Scholar
[37]	Ji Z, Lou C G, Shi Y, Ding W Z, Yang S H, Xing D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 839
[38]	Wang X, Bauer D R, Vollin J L, Manzi D G, Witte R S, Xin H 2012 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 11 1634 Google Scholar
[39]	Sharif-Khodaei Z, Aliabadi M 2014 Smart Mater. Struct. 23 075007 Google Scholar
[40]	Berger C R, Demissie B, Heckenbach J, Willett P, Zhou S 2010 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sign. Proces. 4 226 Google Scholar
[41]	Li J, Wu R B 1998 IEEE Trans. Sign. Proces. 46 2231 Google Scholar
[42]	Xu Q W, Zheng Z, Jiang H B 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 024302 Google Scholar
[43]	Zhang J L, Li C Z, Jiang W C, Wang Z C, Zhang L J, Wang X 2022 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 70 6336 Google Scholar
[44]	Li C Z, Xi Z J, Jin G F, Jiang W C, Wang B S, Cai X R, Wang X 2023 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 70 2350 Google Scholar
[45]	Wang B S, Sun Y F, Wang Z C, Wang X 2020 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 68 377 Google Scholar
[46]	Yu L, Antoni J, Wu H, Leclere Q, Jiang W 2019 Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 134 106309 Google Scholar
[47]	Song J, Shen T, Wang Q W 2022 IEEE J. Electromagn. RF Microwaves Med. Biol. 7 59
[48]	Luo Z X, Li C Z, Liu D T, Wang B S, Zhang L J, Ma Y X, Xu K W, Wang X 2023 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 71 2652 Google Scholar
[49]	Huang L, Rong J, Yao L, Qi W Z, Wu D, Xu J Y, Jiang H B 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 124301 Google Scholar
[50]	Nie L M, Xing D, Zhou Q, Yang D W, Guo H 2008 Med. Phys. 35 4026 Google Scholar
[51]	Huang L, Zheng Z, Chi Z H, Jiang H B 2021 Med. Phys. 48 4242 Google Scholar
[52]	Ku G, Wang L V 2001 Med. Phys. 28 4 Google Scholar
[53]	Liang X, Guo H, Liu Q, Wu C F, Gong Y B, Xi L 2020 Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 013702 Google Scholar
[54]	Fu Y, Ji Z, Ding W Z, Ye F H, Lou C G 2014 Med. Phys. 41 110701 Google Scholar
[55]	Ding W Z, Ji Z, Ye F H, Lou C G, Xing D 2015 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 63 3272 Google Scholar
[56]	Volmer C, Weber J, Stephan R, Blau K, Hein M A 2008 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 56 360 Google Scholar
[57]	Nan H, Arbabian A 2017 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 65 2607 Google Scholar
[58]	Ku G, Wang L V 2000 Med. Phys. 27 1195 Google Scholar
[59]	Xu M H, Xu Y, Wang L V 2003 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 50 1086 Google Scholar
[60]	Xu M H, Wang L V 2002 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 21 814 Google Scholar
[61]	Zhao Z Q, Song J, Zhu X Z, Wang J G, Wu J N, Liu Y L, Nie Z P, Liu Q H 2012 Electromagn. Waves 134 323
[62]	Cannata J M, Ritter T A, Chen W H, Silverman R H, Shung K K 2003 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 50 1548 Google Scholar
[63]	Sun X L, Yang X C, Zhu X Y, Liu H H 2017 IEEE Sens. J. 18 1373
[64]	Li Z X, Chen D D, Fei C L, Li D, Feng W, Yang Y T 2021 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 68 2202 Google Scholar
[65]	Candès E J, Wakin M B 2008 IEEE Signal Process Mag. 25 21 Google Scholar
[66]	Ye F H, Ji Z, Ding W Z, Lou C G, Yang S H, Xing D 2016 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35 839 Google Scholar
[67]	Chia S K, Speers C H, D’yachkova Y, Kang A, Malfair‐Taylor S, Barnett J, Coldman A, Gelmon K A, O’reilly S E, Olivotto I A 2007 Cancer 110 973 Google Scholar
[68]	Youlden D R, Cramb S M, Dunn N A, Muller J M, Pyke C M, Baade P D 2012 Cancer Epidemiol. 36 237 Google Scholar
[69]	Verkman A, Hara-Chikuma M, Papadopoulos M C 2008 J. Mol. Med. 86 523 Google Scholar
[70]	Yu C H, Tang W, Wang Y H, Shen Q, Wang B, Cai C Q, Meng X J, Zou F 2016 Cancer Lett. 376 268 Google Scholar
[71]	Baritaki S, Apostolakis S, Kanellou P, Dimanche‐Boitrel M T, Spandidos D A, Bonavida B 2007 Adv. Cancer Res. 98 149
[72]	Li X, Davis S K, Hagness S C, Van der Weide D W, Van Veen B D 2004 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 52 1856 Google Scholar
[73]	Celik A R, Kurt M B, Helhel S 2019 ACES 34 1549
[74]	Kruger R A, Miller K D, Reynolds H E, Kiser Jr W L, Reinecke D R, Kruger G A 2000 Radiology 216 279 Google Scholar
[75]	Wu L H, Cheng Z W, Ma Y Z, Li Y J, Ren M Y, Xing D, Qin H 2022 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 41 1080 Google Scholar
[76]	Huang Y, Omar M, Tian W, Lopez-Schier H, Westmeyer G G, Chmyrov A, Sergiadis G, Ntziachristos V 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabd1505 Google Scholar
[77]	Joines W T, Jirtle R L, Rafal M D, Schaefer D J 1980 Inte. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 6 681 Google Scholar
[78]	Zheng Z, Jiang Y C, Huang L, Zhao Y, Jiang H B 2020 J. X-Ray Sci. Technol. 28 137
[79]	Zhao Y, Chi Z H, Huang L, Zheng Z, Yang J G, Jiang H B 2017 J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 10 1740001 Google Scholar
[80]	Cunningham L S, Kelsey J L 1984 Am. J. Public Health 74 574 Google Scholar
[81]	Tański W, Dudek K, Tomasiewicz A, Świątoniowska-Lonc N 2022 Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19 3088 Google Scholar
[82]	Gadeval A, Chaudhari S, Bollampally S P, et al. 2021 Drug Discovery Today 26 2315 Google Scholar
[83]	Thornton G, Shrive N, Frank C 2001 J. Orthop. Res. 19 845 Google Scholar
[84]	Buckwalter J A, Mow V C, Ratcliffe A 1994 JAAOS-J. Am. Acad. Orthopaedic Surgeons 2 192 Google Scholar
[85]	Sultan K S, Mohammed B, Manoufali M, Abbosh A M 2021 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 69 6824 Google Scholar
[86]	Chi Z H, Zhao Y, Huang L, Zheng Z, Jiang H B 2016 Med. Phys. 43 6226 Google Scholar
[87]	Chi Z H, Zhao Y, Yang J G, Li T T, Zhang G, Jiang H B 2019 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 66 1598 Google Scholar
[88]	Gandhi M S, Kamalov G, Shahbaz A U, Bhattacharya S K, Ahokas R A, Sun Y, Gerling I C, Weber K T 2011 Heart Fail. Rev. 16 23 Google Scholar
[89]	Weber K T, Sun Y, Bhattacharya S K, Ahokas R A, Gerling I C 2013 Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 10 15 Google Scholar
[90]	Friedberg C K, Horn H 1939 J. Am. Med. Assoc. 112 1675 Google Scholar
[91]	Smit M, Coetzee A, Lochner A 2020 J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 34 2501 Google Scholar
[92]	Alpert J S 1989 Cardiology 76 85 Google Scholar
[93]	Li Y J, Zhang S X, Wu L H, et al. 2022 Photonics Res. 10 1297 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 热声效应示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of TA effect.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 微波热声信号延时叠加算法示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the thermoacoustic signal delay superposition algorithm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 微波热声成像技术典型实现方案　(a)微波乳腺热声成像一体化探头装置图^[16]; (b)微波热声脑成像装置图^[15]; (c)微波乳腺热声成像装置^[66]; (d)微波热声关节成像装置图^[17]

Figure 3. Typical implementation scheme of microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology: (a) Microwave-induced breast thermoacoustic imaging integrated probe device^[16]; (b) diagram of a Microwave-induced brain thermoacoustic imaging device^[15]; (c) microwave-induced breast thermoacoustic imaging system^[66]; (d) microwave-induced thermoacoustic joint imaging device^[17].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 微波热声成像乳腺成像　(a) Kruger等^[74]的乳腺成像图; (b) 微波热声乳腺成像实操图^[16]; (c) 乳房的解剖结构示意图^[16]; (d) 覃欢团队^[16]乳腺成像图

Figure 4. MTAI breast imaging: (a) Kruger et al.^[74] breast imaging; (b) microwave thermoacoustic breast imaging actual operation diagram^[16]; (c) anatomical diagram of the breast^[16]; (d) breast imaging of Professor Qin Huan’s team^[16].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 微波热声脑成像^[15]　(a) 两只新生小鼠脑出血的热声图像及出血区域标注(白色区域); (b) 脑出血组织切片与相应热声图像对照

Figure 5. MTAI brain imaging^[15]: (a) MTAI image and bleeding area (white area) of cerebral hemorrhage in two newborn mice; (b) comparison of cerebral hemorrhage tissue slices with corresponding MTAI images.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 受试者中指的热声图像 (T0-T30)和MRI (M2-M30)的比较^[17]

Figure 6. Comparison of MTAI (T0-T30) and MRI (M2-M30) of subjects’ middle fingers^[17].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 偏振微波热声心梗模型成像^[93]　(a) 偏振微波热声成像系统的示意图和用于计算异质性参数(DOMA)的偏振微波热声成像机制; (b) 超声图像及相应的DOMA图像

Figure 7. P-MTAI myocardial infarction model detection^[93]: (a) Schematic diagram of the P-MTAI imaging system and the P-MTAI mechanism used to calculate DOMA; (b) ultrasonic images and corresponding DOMA images.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 微波源各参数对成像影响

Table 1. Influence of various parameters of microwave source on imaging.

成像影响	微波源参数
分辨率	脉冲宽度、脉冲波形
信噪比	脉冲重复频率、脉冲能量强度
对比度	中心频率、脉冲能量强度
成像深度	中心频率、脉冲能量强度

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 主要脑组织在3.05 GHz下的电导率^[15]

Table 2. Conductivity property of major brain tissues at 3.05 GHz^[15].

物质	电导率/(S·m^–1)
脑灰质	2.2588
脑白质	1.5393
血液	3.0991
脑脊液	4.0592
小脑	2.5189
血管壁	1.8444
硬膜	2.0485
脊髓	1.3530

DownLoad: CSV

表 3 关节各组织在3 GHz下的电导率和介电常数^[85]

Table 3. Conductivity and permittivity of each tissue of the joint at 3 GHz^[85].

物质	相对介电常数	电导率/(S·m^–1)
肌腱/韧带	42.13	2.17
软骨	37.61	2.21
骨松质	17.94	1.01

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Ketcham R A, Carlson W D 2001 Comput. Geosci. 27 381 Google Scholar
[2]	Bushong S C, Clarke G 2003 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical and Biological Principles (Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences) pp58–65
[3]	Bushberg J T, Boone J M 2011 The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) pp171–202
[4]	Haribabu V, Girigoswami K, Sharmiladevi P, Girigoswami A 2020 ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 6 4377 Google Scholar
[5]	Chan V, Perlas A 2011 Atlas of Ultrasound-guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management (New York: Springer) p13
[6]	Nguyen K C T, Le L H, Kaipatur N R, Zheng R, Lou E H, Major P W 2016 Ann. Biomed. Eng. 44 2874 Google Scholar
[7]	Wang H, Liu N 2020 J. Med. Imaging Health Inf. 10 918 Google Scholar
[8]	Xu M H, Ku G, Jin X, Wang L V, Fornage B D, Hunt K K 2005 The Sixth Conference on Biomedical Thermoacoustics, Optoacoustics, and Acousto-optics 5697 45
[9]	Behari J 2019 Radio Frequency and Microwave Effects on Biological Tissues (New York: CRC Press) pp63–82
[10]	Chen H, Tang X, Nie G, Wang Z, Hu J, Hu J, Qin H 2023 J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 16 2243002 Google Scholar
[11]	Lin J C 2005 Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems (Boston: Springer) p41
[12]	Zhao S X, Wang H H, Li Y J, Nie L M, Zhang S X, Xing D, Qin H 2021 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 69 725
[13]	Rahpeima R, Soltani M, Kashkooli F M 2020 Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 196 105606 Google Scholar
[14]	Liu Q, Liang X, Li T, Chao W, Qi W Z, Jin T, Gong Y, Jiang H B, Xi L 2023 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 42 2425
[15]	Zhao Y, Shan T, Chi Z H, Jiang H B 2020 J. Xray Sci. Technol. 28 83
[16]	Ren M Y, Cheng Z W, Wu L H, et al. 2023 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 70 175 Google Scholar
[17]	Chi Z H, Huang L, Wu D, Long X J, Xu X L, Jiang H B 2022 Med. Phys. 49 84 Google Scholar
[18]	Vander Vorst A, Rosen A, Kotsuka Y 2006 RF/microwave Interaction With Biological Tissues (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons) pp30–38
[19]	Schwan H P, Foster K R 1980 Proc. IEEE 68 104 Google Scholar
[20]	Foster K R, Schwan H P 2019 CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (Boca Raton: CRC press) pp27–76
[21]	Fiedler T M, Ladd M E, Bitz A K 2018 Neuroimage 168 33 Google Scholar
[22]	Williams J M 2001 arXiv: 0102007 [physics.gen-ph
[23]	Bacon C, Guilliorit E, Hosten B, Chimenti D E 2001 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110 1398 Google Scholar
[24]	Dagro A M, Wilkerson J W, Thomas T P, Kalinosky B T, Payne J A 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabd8405 Google Scholar
[25]	Zhang X C, Xu J 2010 Introduction to THz Wave Photonics (Vol. 29) (New York: Springer) pp70–82
[26]	Drain L 2019 Laser Ultrasonics: Techniques and Applications (New York: Routledge) pp305–322
[27]	Paltauf G, Dyer P E 2003 Chem. Rev. 103 487 Google Scholar
[28]	Harris C M, Piersol A G 2002 Harris’ Shock and Vibration Handbook (Vol. 5) (New York: McGraw-Hill) p21
[29]	Drebushchak V 2020 J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 142 1097 Google Scholar
[30]	Gao F, Zheng Q, Zheng Y J 2014 Med. Phys. 41 053302 Google Scholar
[31]	Luo W L, Ji Z, Yang S H, Xing D 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 10 1728
[32]	Lou C G, Yang S H, Ji Z, Chen Q, Xing D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 218101 Google Scholar
[33]	Ji Z, Lou C G, Yang S H, Xing D 2012 Med. Phys. 39 6738 Google Scholar
[34]	Yan J, Tao C J, Wu S Z 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference Shanghai, China, 17–18 January 2006 p1521
[35]	Lou C G, Nie L M, Xu D 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 083101 Google Scholar
[36]	Ji Z, Ding W Z, Ye F H, Lou C G, Xing D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 094104 Google Scholar
[37]	Ji Z, Lou C G, Shi Y, Ding W Z, Yang S H, Xing D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 839
[38]	Wang X, Bauer D R, Vollin J L, Manzi D G, Witte R S, Xin H 2012 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 11 1634 Google Scholar
[39]	Sharif-Khodaei Z, Aliabadi M 2014 Smart Mater. Struct. 23 075007 Google Scholar
[40]	Berger C R, Demissie B, Heckenbach J, Willett P, Zhou S 2010 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sign. Proces. 4 226 Google Scholar
[41]	Li J, Wu R B 1998 IEEE Trans. Sign. Proces. 46 2231 Google Scholar
[42]	Xu Q W, Zheng Z, Jiang H B 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 024302 Google Scholar
[43]	Zhang J L, Li C Z, Jiang W C, Wang Z C, Zhang L J, Wang X 2022 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 70 6336 Google Scholar
[44]	Li C Z, Xi Z J, Jin G F, Jiang W C, Wang B S, Cai X R, Wang X 2023 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 70 2350 Google Scholar
[45]	Wang B S, Sun Y F, Wang Z C, Wang X 2020 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 68 377 Google Scholar
[46]	Yu L, Antoni J, Wu H, Leclere Q, Jiang W 2019 Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 134 106309 Google Scholar
[47]	Song J, Shen T, Wang Q W 2022 IEEE J. Electromagn. RF Microwaves Med. Biol. 7 59
[48]	Luo Z X, Li C Z, Liu D T, Wang B S, Zhang L J, Ma Y X, Xu K W, Wang X 2023 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 71 2652 Google Scholar
[49]	Huang L, Rong J, Yao L, Qi W Z, Wu D, Xu J Y, Jiang H B 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 124301 Google Scholar
[50]	Nie L M, Xing D, Zhou Q, Yang D W, Guo H 2008 Med. Phys. 35 4026 Google Scholar
[51]	Huang L, Zheng Z, Chi Z H, Jiang H B 2021 Med. Phys. 48 4242 Google Scholar
[52]	Ku G, Wang L V 2001 Med. Phys. 28 4 Google Scholar
[53]	Liang X, Guo H, Liu Q, Wu C F, Gong Y B, Xi L 2020 Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 013702 Google Scholar
[54]	Fu Y, Ji Z, Ding W Z, Ye F H, Lou C G 2014 Med. Phys. 41 110701 Google Scholar
[55]	Ding W Z, Ji Z, Ye F H, Lou C G, Xing D 2015 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 63 3272 Google Scholar
[56]	Volmer C, Weber J, Stephan R, Blau K, Hein M A 2008 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 56 360 Google Scholar
[57]	Nan H, Arbabian A 2017 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 65 2607 Google Scholar
[58]	Ku G, Wang L V 2000 Med. Phys. 27 1195 Google Scholar
[59]	Xu M H, Xu Y, Wang L V 2003 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 50 1086 Google Scholar
[60]	Xu M H, Wang L V 2002 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 21 814 Google Scholar
[61]	Zhao Z Q, Song J, Zhu X Z, Wang J G, Wu J N, Liu Y L, Nie Z P, Liu Q H 2012 Electromagn. Waves 134 323
[62]	Cannata J M, Ritter T A, Chen W H, Silverman R H, Shung K K 2003 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 50 1548 Google Scholar
[63]	Sun X L, Yang X C, Zhu X Y, Liu H H 2017 IEEE Sens. J. 18 1373
[64]	Li Z X, Chen D D, Fei C L, Li D, Feng W, Yang Y T 2021 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 68 2202 Google Scholar
[65]	Candès E J, Wakin M B 2008 IEEE Signal Process Mag. 25 21 Google Scholar
[66]	Ye F H, Ji Z, Ding W Z, Lou C G, Yang S H, Xing D 2016 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35 839 Google Scholar
[67]	Chia S K, Speers C H, D’yachkova Y, Kang A, Malfair‐Taylor S, Barnett J, Coldman A, Gelmon K A, O’reilly S E, Olivotto I A 2007 Cancer 110 973 Google Scholar
[68]	Youlden D R, Cramb S M, Dunn N A, Muller J M, Pyke C M, Baade P D 2012 Cancer Epidemiol. 36 237 Google Scholar
[69]	Verkman A, Hara-Chikuma M, Papadopoulos M C 2008 J. Mol. Med. 86 523 Google Scholar
[70]	Yu C H, Tang W, Wang Y H, Shen Q, Wang B, Cai C Q, Meng X J, Zou F 2016 Cancer Lett. 376 268 Google Scholar
[71]	Baritaki S, Apostolakis S, Kanellou P, Dimanche‐Boitrel M T, Spandidos D A, Bonavida B 2007 Adv. Cancer Res. 98 149
[72]	Li X, Davis S K, Hagness S C, Van der Weide D W, Van Veen B D 2004 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 52 1856 Google Scholar
[73]	Celik A R, Kurt M B, Helhel S 2019 ACES 34 1549
[74]	Kruger R A, Miller K D, Reynolds H E, Kiser Jr W L, Reinecke D R, Kruger G A 2000 Radiology 216 279 Google Scholar
[75]	Wu L H, Cheng Z W, Ma Y Z, Li Y J, Ren M Y, Xing D, Qin H 2022 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 41 1080 Google Scholar
[76]	Huang Y, Omar M, Tian W, Lopez-Schier H, Westmeyer G G, Chmyrov A, Sergiadis G, Ntziachristos V 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabd1505 Google Scholar
[77]	Joines W T, Jirtle R L, Rafal M D, Schaefer D J 1980 Inte. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 6 681 Google Scholar
[78]	Zheng Z, Jiang Y C, Huang L, Zhao Y, Jiang H B 2020 J. X-Ray Sci. Technol. 28 137
[79]	Zhao Y, Chi Z H, Huang L, Zheng Z, Yang J G, Jiang H B 2017 J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 10 1740001 Google Scholar
[80]	Cunningham L S, Kelsey J L 1984 Am. J. Public Health 74 574 Google Scholar
[81]	Tański W, Dudek K, Tomasiewicz A, Świątoniowska-Lonc N 2022 Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19 3088 Google Scholar
[82]	Gadeval A, Chaudhari S, Bollampally S P, et al. 2021 Drug Discovery Today 26 2315 Google Scholar
[83]	Thornton G, Shrive N, Frank C 2001 J. Orthop. Res. 19 845 Google Scholar
[84]	Buckwalter J A, Mow V C, Ratcliffe A 1994 JAAOS-J. Am. Acad. Orthopaedic Surgeons 2 192 Google Scholar
[85]	Sultan K S, Mohammed B, Manoufali M, Abbosh A M 2021 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 69 6824 Google Scholar
[86]	Chi Z H, Zhao Y, Huang L, Zheng Z, Jiang H B 2016 Med. Phys. 43 6226 Google Scholar
[87]	Chi Z H, Zhao Y, Yang J G, Li T T, Zhang G, Jiang H B 2019 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 66 1598 Google Scholar
[88]	Gandhi M S, Kamalov G, Shahbaz A U, Bhattacharya S K, Ahokas R A, Sun Y, Gerling I C, Weber K T 2011 Heart Fail. Rev. 16 23 Google Scholar
[89]	Weber K T, Sun Y, Bhattacharya S K, Ahokas R A, Gerling I C 2013 Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 10 15 Google Scholar
[90]	Friedberg C K, Horn H 1939 J. Am. Med. Assoc. 112 1675 Google Scholar
[91]	Smit M, Coetzee A, Lochner A 2020 J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 34 2501 Google Scholar
[92]	Alpert J S 1989 Cardiology 76 85 Google Scholar
[93]	Li Y J, Zhang S X, Wu L H, et al. 2022 Photonics Res. 10 1297 Google Scholar

[1]	Zhang Jia-Xi, Li Ling-Feng, Zhong Hong-Wen, Xiao Jia-Ying. Miniaturized photoacoustic/ultrasound endoscopic imaging probe for molecular imaging of deep tissues. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(21): 214203. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20241076
[2]	Yin Hong-Run, Ye Ming, Wu Yang, Liu Kai, Pan Hua-Ping, Yao Jia-Feng. Biological tissue detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopic tomograsphy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(4): 048706. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211600
[3]	. Biological tissue detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopic tomography. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, (): . doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20211600
[4]	Xie Shi-Meng, Huang Lin, Wang Xue, Chi Zi-Hui, Tang Yong-Hui, Zheng Zhu, Jiang Hua-Bei. Reflection mode photoacoustic/thermoacoustic dual modality imaging based on hollow concave array. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(10): 100701. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20202012
[5]	Tang Yong-Hui, Zheng Zhu, Xie Shi-Meng, Huang Lin, Jiang Hua-Bei. Thermoacoustic imaging based on noise suppression of multi-channel amplifier and additive circuit. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(24): 240701. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20201036
[6]	Zhou Tian-Yi. Optimal microwave imaging with random field illuminations. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(5): 055201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20182122
[7]	Jiang Hai-Feng. Progresses of ultrastable optical-cavity-based microwave source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(16): 160602. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180751
[8]	Yan Xiao-Lu, Zhang Xiao-Ping, Li Yang-Mei. Particle-in-cell simulation of a new X-band low-impedance high power microwave source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(13): 138402. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.138402
[9]	Zhang Yu, Tang Zhi-Lie, Wu Yong-Bo, Shu Gang. Three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging technique based on acoustic lens. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(24): 240701. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.240701
[10]	Yang Hua-Bin, Tong Li, Zhu Yi-Lun. Optimization design of dichroic plate for the advanced technology in microwave imaging diagnostic. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(16): 165202. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.165202
[11]	Du Jin-Song, Gao Yang, Bi Xin, Qi Wei-Zhi, Huang Lin, Rong Jian. S-band microwave-Induced thermo-acoustic tomography system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(3): 034301. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.034301
[12]	Bi Xin, Huang Lin, Du Jing-Song, Qi Wei-Zhi, Gao Yang, Rong Jian, Jiang Hua-Bei. Pulsed microwave energy spatial distribution imaging by means of thermoacoustic tomography. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(1): 014301. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.014301
[13]	Liu Xi-Chuan, Gao Tai-Chang, Liu Lei, Zhai Dong-Li. Research on microphysical property of raindrops based on particle imaging velocimetry technology. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(2): 029203. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.029203
[14]	Xiao Xia, Song Hang, Wang Liang, Wang Zong-Jie, Lu Hong. Ultra-wideband microwave robust Capon beamforming imaging system for early breast cancer detection. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(19): 194102. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.194102
[15]	Ding Liang, Liu Pei-Guo, He Jian-Guo, Joe LoVetri. An optimal layered inhomogeneous background used in microwave tomography system in metallic chamber. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(18): 184102. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.184102
[16]	Ding Liang, Liu Pei-Guo, He Jian-Guo, Amer Zakaria, Joe LoVetri. Enhancing microwave tomography in a circular metallic chamber by an inhomogeneous background. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(4): 044102. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.044102
[17]	Chen Zai-Gao, Wang Jian-Guo, Wang Yue, Qiao Hai-Liang, Guo Wei-Jie, Zhang Dian-Hui. Optimal design of high-power microwave source based on particle simulation and genetic algorithms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(16): 168402. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.168402
[18]	Zeng Zhi-Ping, Xie Wen-Ming, Zhang Jian-Ying, Li Li, Chen Shu-Qiang, Li Zhi-Fang, Li Hui. Imaging of human thyroid in vitro using focused photoacoustic tomography. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(9): 097801. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.097801
[19]	Liu Guang-Dong, Zhang Ye-Rong. Three-dimensional microwave-induced thermo-acousticimaging for breast cancer detection. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(7): 074303. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.074303
[20]	Zhang Hang. The optical tomography of tissues by a δ sound field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(8): 2515-2519. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.2515

Catalog

Vol. 72, Issue 20 - 2023-10-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 5291
PDF Downloads: 129
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板