Progresses of ultrastable optical-cavity-based microwave source

Jiang Hai-Feng

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180751

Abstract

With the progress of science and technology and the continuous improvement of the precision measurement application technology, the technical requirements for the stability and noise level of the ultra-stable microwave source are increasing. Its application range becomes more and more wide, including high performance frequency standard research, network radar development, deep space navigation system, etc. Up to now, the photonic microwave generators based on ultra-stable laser and femtosecond light comb are believed to be the highest microwave frequency source with the highest frequency stability and the relative frequency stability 10-16 in 1 s. This device is also the basis of the application for the next frequency standard (optical frequency standard). Whether the generation of time or most of the precision measurements, the output laser of the optical frequency standard should be transformed into a super stable baseband frequency signal. In this paper, we first introduce the development, current situation and application requirements of ultra-stable photonic microwave source, then we present the principle and structure of the ultra-stable photonic microwave source and the technical development of its components based on the first set of domestic-made ultra-stable microwave frequency sources developed by the National Time Service Center. For the ultra-stable laser, we mainly focus on the research and development of the ultra-stable cavity design, the Pound-Drever-Hall frequency locking technology, and the residual amplitude noise effect rejection. For the optical frequency combs, we mainly focus on the development of laser mode-locking and frequency control technology based on erbium-doped fiber combing system. For the low noise photonic-to-microwave detection and low noise synthesizer techniques, the noise effect rejection of wideband photoelectric detection and the microwave phase noise induced by the amplitude noise of the laser are emphatically introduced. Finally, we summarize and prospect the photonic ultra-stable microwave generation technique.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Jiang Hai-Feng^1,2

1.
Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Xi'an 710600, China;
2.
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Jiang Hai-Feng, haifeng.jiang@ntsc.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91536217, 91336101).

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Cited By

[1]	Britton J W, Sawyer B C, Keith A C, Wang C C J, Freericks J K, Uys H, Biercuk M J, Bollinger J J 2012 Nature 484 489
[2]	DeLorenzo L A, Schwab K C 2014 New J. Phys. 16 113020
[3]	Cliche J F, Shillue B, Latrasse C, Tetu M, D’Addario L 2004 in: Oschmann J M ed. Ground-Based Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 5489 1115
[4]	Nand N R, Hartnett J G, Ivanov E N, Santarelli G 2011 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 59 2978
[5]	Kim J, Cox J A, Chen J, Kartner F X 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 733
[6]	Minoshima K, Matsumoto H 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 5512
[7]	Besson R J 1977 Proc. Freq. Contr. Symp. 147
[8]	Besson R J, Mourey M, Galliou S, Marionnet F, Gonzalez F, Guillemot P, Tjoelker R, Diener W, Kirk A 1999 Proc. Freq. Contr. Symp. 326
[9]	Stein S R, Turneaure J P 1972 Electron. Lett. 8 321
[10]	Hartnett J G, Nand N R 2010 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 58 3580
[11]	Hartnett J G, Parker S R, Ivanov E N, Povey T, Nand N R, Floch J M 2014 Electron. Lett. 50 294
[12]	Xie X P, Bouchand R, Nicolodi D, Giunta M, Hansel W, Lezius M, Joshi A, Datta S, Alexandre C, Lours M, Tremblin P A, Santarelli G, Holzwarth R, Le Coq Y 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 44
[13]	Young B C, Cruz F C, Itano W M, Bergquist J C 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 3799
[14]	Diddams S A, Jones D J, Ye J, Cundiff S T, Hall J L, Ranka J K, Windeler R S, Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5102
[15]	Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W, Knight J C, Wadsworth W J, Russell P S J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2264
[16]	Ye J, Hall J L, Diddams S A 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1675
[17]	Bartels A, Diddams S A, Oates C W, Wilpers G, Bergquist J C, Oskay W H, Hollberg L 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 667
[18]	Fortier T M, Kirchner M S, Quinlan F, Taylor J, Bergquist J C, Rosenband T, Lemke N, Ludlow A, Jiang Y, Oates C W, Diddams S A 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 425
[19]	Weyers S, Lipphardt B, Schnatz H 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 031803
[20]	Millo J, Abgrall M, Lours M, English E M L, Jiang H, Guena J, Clairon A, Tobar M E, Bize S, Le Coq Y, Santarelli G 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 141105
[21]	Fortier T M, Rolland A, Quinlan F, Baynes F N, Metcalf A J, Hati A, Ludlow A D, Hinkley N, Shimizu M, Ishibashi T, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2016 Laser Photon. Rev. 10 780
[22]	Yan L L, Zhao W Y, Zhang Y Y, Tai Z Y, Zhang P, Rao B J, Ning K, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 030601
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[24]	Guena J, Abgrall M, Rovera D, Laurent P, Chupin B, Lours M, Santarelli G, Rosenbusch P, Tobar M E, Li R X 2012 IEEE Trans. Ultras. Ferroelectr. Frequency Control 59 391
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[26]	Kogelnik H, Li T 1966 Appl. Opt. 5 1550
[27]	Swann W C, Baumann E, Giorgetta F R, Newbury N R 2011 Opt. Express 19 24387
[28]	Schawlow A L, Townes C H 1958 Phys. Rev. 112 1940
[29]	Könz F, Sun Y, Thiel C W, Cone R L, Equall R W, Hutcheson R L, Macfarlane R M 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 085109
[30]	Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Ye J, Peik E, Schmidt P O 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 637
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