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The shape controlled growth of diamond is beneficial to its subsequent processing. The shape controlled growth for abrasive grade diamond, whose particle size is less than 1 mm, has been studied extensively, while the shape controlled growth of large diamond crystals, which have important commercial and scientific applications, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, it is necessary to do further researches. In this study, we synthesize large type Ib diamond crystals and investigate their growth shapes at pressures of 5.3-5.9 GPa and temperatures of 1200-1370℃, by using Fe64Ni36 alloy as the catalyst and (100) or (111) face of seed as growth face. Experimental results show that for the diamond crystals grown along the (100) face, the crystal shapes presents plate shape at 1206-1215℃, tower shape at 1216-1260℃, and tower steeple shape at 1261-1360℃; in sequence while for those grown along the (111) face, the crystal shape is of tower at 1233-1238℃ and becomes plate at 1239-1364℃. The ratio of height to diameter, which can provide a standard to quantify the shape of a diamond, is used to describe the crystal shape in detail. For large diamond crystals growing along the (100) face, under a high pressure of 5.6 GPa, the ratio of height to diameter increases with temperature increasing but the ratio of height to diameter, when growing along the (111) face, decreases. The shape distributions of large diamond crystals in the V-shaped region can be determined in the experiments of large diamond crystal synthesis at different temperatures (1200-1370℃) and pressures (5.3 GPa, 5.6 GPa, 5.9 GPa). The lower limit temperature of large diamond crystal growing along the (111) face in the V-shape region is obviously higher than that growing along the (100) face, but the difference between the higher limit temperatures for growing along these two faces is not obvious. The difference between the lower temperature limits of large diamond crystals growing along the (100) and (111) face can be explained by the different energies of the crystal surface and diamond/graphite equilibrium line in the phase diagram of carbon/alloy. Therefore, it has been realized that the shapes for type Ib large diamond crystals are controlled.
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Keywords:
- high temperature and high pressure /
- large diamond crystal /
- the shape of crystal /
- the ratio of height to diameter
[1] Bundy F P, Hall H T, Strong H M, Wentorf R H 1955 Nature 176 51
[2] Chen Y N, Zhang Y, Yu W C, Gong M, Yang F, Liu R, Wang J M, Li L, Jing P, Wang Z G 2017 Micronano Electron. Technol. 54 217 (in Chinese) [陈亚男, 张烨, 郁万成, 龚猛, 杨霏, 刘瑞, 王嘉铭, 李玲, 金鹏, 王占国 2017 微纳电子技术 54 217]
[3] Qin J M, Zhang Y, Cao J M, Tian L F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 058102 (in Chinese) [秦杰明, 张莹, 曹建明, 田立飞 2011 60 058102]
[4] Liu Y J, He D W, Wang P, Tang M J, Xu C, Wang W D, Liu J, Liu G D, Kou Z L 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 038103 (in Chinese) [刘银娟, 贺端威, 王培, 唐明君, 许超, 王文丹, 刘进, 刘国端, 寇自力 2017 66 038103]
[5] Sumiya H, Toda N, Nishibayashi Y, Satoh S 1997 J. Crystal Growth 178 485
[6] Li Z, Jia P, Li L 2009 Adv. Mater. Res. 76 678
[7] Li Z H, Zhao B 2011 Diamond & Abrasives Engineering 31 1 (in Chinese) [李志宏, 赵博 2011 金刚石与磨料磨具工程 31 1]
[8] Wentorf R H 1971 J. Phys. Chem. 75 1833
[9] Strong H M, Chrenko R M 1971 J. Phys. Chem. 75 1838
[10] Sumiya H, Toda N, Satoh S 2005 Sei. Tech. Rev. 60 10
[11] Bovenkerk H P, Bundy F P, Hall H T, Strong H M, Wentorf R H 1959 Nature 184 1094
[12] Bundy F P, Bovenkerk H P, Strong H M, Wentorf R H 1961 J. Chem. Phys. 35 383
[13] Zhang S D, Zhu Y H 1995 Chin. J. High Pressure Phys. 9 34 (in Chinese) [张书达, 朱瑶华 1995 高压 9 34]
[14] Fu H F, Zhu C M 1980 Geochimica 1 23 (in Chinese) [傅慧芳, 朱成明 1980 地球化学 1 23]
[15] Abbaschian R, Zhu H, Clarke C 2005 Diamond and Related Mater. 14 1916
[16] Hu M H, Bi N, Li S S, Su T C, Li X L, Hu Q, Jia X P, Ma H A 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 188103 (in Chinese) [胡美华, 毕宁, 李尚升, 宿太超, 李小雷, 胡强, 贾晓鹏, 马红安 2013 62 188103]
[17] Hu M H, Bi N, Li S S, Su T C, Zhou A G, Hu Q, Jia X P, Ma H A 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 038101
[18] Zhang H, Li S S, Su T C, Hu M H, Li G H, Ma H A, Jia X P 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 118104
[19] Sumiya H, Toda N, Satoh S 2002 J. Crystal Growth 237-239 1281
[20] Zhou L, Jia X P, Ma H A, Zhen Y J, Li Y T 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 333
[21] Xiao H Y, Jia X P, Zang C Y, Li S S, Tian Y, Zhang Y F, Huang G F, Ma L Q, Ma H A 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 1469
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[1] Bundy F P, Hall H T, Strong H M, Wentorf R H 1955 Nature 176 51
[2] Chen Y N, Zhang Y, Yu W C, Gong M, Yang F, Liu R, Wang J M, Li L, Jing P, Wang Z G 2017 Micronano Electron. Technol. 54 217 (in Chinese) [陈亚男, 张烨, 郁万成, 龚猛, 杨霏, 刘瑞, 王嘉铭, 李玲, 金鹏, 王占国 2017 微纳电子技术 54 217]
[3] Qin J M, Zhang Y, Cao J M, Tian L F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 058102 (in Chinese) [秦杰明, 张莹, 曹建明, 田立飞 2011 60 058102]
[4] Liu Y J, He D W, Wang P, Tang M J, Xu C, Wang W D, Liu J, Liu G D, Kou Z L 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 038103 (in Chinese) [刘银娟, 贺端威, 王培, 唐明君, 许超, 王文丹, 刘进, 刘国端, 寇自力 2017 66 038103]
[5] Sumiya H, Toda N, Nishibayashi Y, Satoh S 1997 J. Crystal Growth 178 485
[6] Li Z, Jia P, Li L 2009 Adv. Mater. Res. 76 678
[7] Li Z H, Zhao B 2011 Diamond & Abrasives Engineering 31 1 (in Chinese) [李志宏, 赵博 2011 金刚石与磨料磨具工程 31 1]
[8] Wentorf R H 1971 J. Phys. Chem. 75 1833
[9] Strong H M, Chrenko R M 1971 J. Phys. Chem. 75 1838
[10] Sumiya H, Toda N, Satoh S 2005 Sei. Tech. Rev. 60 10
[11] Bovenkerk H P, Bundy F P, Hall H T, Strong H M, Wentorf R H 1959 Nature 184 1094
[12] Bundy F P, Bovenkerk H P, Strong H M, Wentorf R H 1961 J. Chem. Phys. 35 383
[13] Zhang S D, Zhu Y H 1995 Chin. J. High Pressure Phys. 9 34 (in Chinese) [张书达, 朱瑶华 1995 高压 9 34]
[14] Fu H F, Zhu C M 1980 Geochimica 1 23 (in Chinese) [傅慧芳, 朱成明 1980 地球化学 1 23]
[15] Abbaschian R, Zhu H, Clarke C 2005 Diamond and Related Mater. 14 1916
[16] Hu M H, Bi N, Li S S, Su T C, Li X L, Hu Q, Jia X P, Ma H A 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 188103 (in Chinese) [胡美华, 毕宁, 李尚升, 宿太超, 李小雷, 胡强, 贾晓鹏, 马红安 2013 62 188103]
[17] Hu M H, Bi N, Li S S, Su T C, Zhou A G, Hu Q, Jia X P, Ma H A 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 038101
[18] Zhang H, Li S S, Su T C, Hu M H, Li G H, Ma H A, Jia X P 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 118104
[19] Sumiya H, Toda N, Satoh S 2002 J. Crystal Growth 237-239 1281
[20] Zhou L, Jia X P, Ma H A, Zhen Y J, Li Y T 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 333
[21] Xiao H Y, Jia X P, Zang C Y, Li S S, Tian Y, Zhang Y F, Huang G F, Ma L Q, Ma H A 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 1469
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