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For potential applications of metasurfaces in lens technologies, we propose a cross circularly polarized focusing metasurface which is capable of transforming a circularly polarized wave into cross-polarized wave and simultaneously focusing electromagnetic wave. A helicity-dependent phase change is introduced into the transmission metasurface cell, which is a single layer with a thickness of 1.5 mm and can be engineered by assembling along the spatial orientation of each Pancharatnam-Berry phase element. The phase change of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase element is analyzed theoretically, and the efficiency of the designed element is simulated under the irradiation of differently polarized waves. A phase gradient metasurface with a phase difference of 60 between neighbouring cells is designed. When simulated in CST Microwave Studio, the gradient metasurface is observed to have a ability to refract right-hand circularly polarized waves in +x direction and left-hand circularly polarized waves in -x direction but with an identical refraction angle of 33.8, which is in good accordance with the angle calculated from the general refraction law. Then we design a focusing metasurface with a size of 90 mm90 mm and 1515 cells. When the focusing metasurface lens is irradiated by left-hand circularly polarized wave, the refracted right-hand circularly polarized wave is focused at a point 40 mm away from the lens center. However, when the metasurface lens is impinged by the right-hand circularly polarized wave, the refracted left-hand circularly polarized wave is diffracted. This ultimately accords with different phase responses under different polarized waves when the metasurface cell is rotated. Furthermore, the metasurface lens diffracts the incident wave when impinged by right-hand circularly polarized wave, which validates the design principle. The beam-width at the focal spot and the focal depth are also calculated. The simulation results indicate that the beam-width at the focal spot is approximately equal to three quarters of the operating wavelength. Therefore, the circularly polarized wave refraction focusing metasurface has a good performance for focusing the refracted waves. In addition, the proposed focusing metasurface is simulated separately at f=14 GHz and f=16 GHz, and the results show a good focusing effect, which demonstrates the bandwidth characteristic of the focusing metasurface lens. This designed metasurface lens is thin, single-layered, and highly effective, and it is also convenient to fabricate. Moreover, the metasurface lens has an advantage over the conventional lens, which has potential applications in manipulating electromagnetic waves and improves the performance of lens.
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Keywords:
- lens /
- metasurface
[1] Yu N F, Genevet P, Kats M A, Aieta F, Tetienne J P, Capasso F, Gaburro Z 2011 Science 334 333
[2] Li Y F, Zhang J Q, Qu S B, Wang J F, Zheng L, Pang Y Q, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 117 044501
[3] Li Y F, Zhang J Q, Qu S B, Wang J F, Zheng L, Zhou H, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 014202
[4] Shi H Y, Li J X, Zhang A X, Wang J F, Xu Z 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 118101
[5] Zhang K, Ding X M, Zhang L, Wu Q 2014 New J. Phys. 16 103020
[6] Sun Y Y, Han L, Shi X Y, Wang Z N, Liu D H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 104201 (in Chinese) [孙彦彦, 韩璐, 史晓玉, 王兆娜, 刘大禾 2013 62 104201]
[7] Kang M, Feng T H, Wang H T, Li J S 2012 Opt. Express 20 15882
[8] Grady N K, Heyes J E, Chowdhury D R, Zeng Y, Reiten M T, Azad A K, Taylor A J, Dalvit D A R, Chen H T 2013 Science 340 1304
[9] Pors A, Nielsen M G, Eriksen R L, Bozhevolnyi S I 2013 Nano Lett. 13 829
[10] Wei Z Y, Cao Y, Su X P, Gong Z J, Long Y, Li H Q 2013 Opt. Express 21 010739
[11] Cheng J R, Mosallaei H 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2719
[12] Pfeiffer C, Grbic A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 231116
[13] Qu S W, Wu W W, Chen B J, Yi H, Bai X, Ng K B, Chan C H 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 963
[14] Pu M B, Chen P, Wang C T, Wang Y Q, Zhao Z Y, Hu C G, Huang C, Luo X G 2013 Aip Adv. 3 052136
[15] Aieta F, Genevet P, Kats M A, Yu N F, Blanchard R Gaburro Z, Capasso F 2012 Nano Lett. 12 4932
[16] Sun S L, Yang K Y, Wang C M, Juan T K, Chen T K, Liao C Y, He Q, Xiao S Y, Kung W T, Guo G Y, Zhou L, Tsai D P 2012 Nano Lett. 12 6223
[17] Yang Q L, Gu J Q, Wang D Y, Zhang X Q, Tian Z, Ouyang C M, Ranjan S, Han J G, Zhang W L 2014 Opt. Express 22 25931
[18] Saeidi C, Weide D V D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 113110
[19] Wang J F, Qu S B, Ma H, Xu Z, Zhang A X, Zhou H, Chen H Y, Li Y F 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 201104
[20] Li Y F, Zhang J Q, Qu S B, Wang J F, Chen H Y, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 084103 (in Chinese) [李勇峰, 张介秋, 屈绍波, 王甲富, 陈红雅, 徐卓, 张安学 2014 63 084103]
[21] Xu J J, Zhang H C, Zhang Q, Cui T J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 021102
[22] Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light-Sci. Appl. 3 e218
[23] Hasman E, Kleiner V, Biener G, Niv A 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 328
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[1] Yu N F, Genevet P, Kats M A, Aieta F, Tetienne J P, Capasso F, Gaburro Z 2011 Science 334 333
[2] Li Y F, Zhang J Q, Qu S B, Wang J F, Zheng L, Pang Y Q, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 117 044501
[3] Li Y F, Zhang J Q, Qu S B, Wang J F, Zheng L, Zhou H, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 014202
[4] Shi H Y, Li J X, Zhang A X, Wang J F, Xu Z 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 118101
[5] Zhang K, Ding X M, Zhang L, Wu Q 2014 New J. Phys. 16 103020
[6] Sun Y Y, Han L, Shi X Y, Wang Z N, Liu D H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 104201 (in Chinese) [孙彦彦, 韩璐, 史晓玉, 王兆娜, 刘大禾 2013 62 104201]
[7] Kang M, Feng T H, Wang H T, Li J S 2012 Opt. Express 20 15882
[8] Grady N K, Heyes J E, Chowdhury D R, Zeng Y, Reiten M T, Azad A K, Taylor A J, Dalvit D A R, Chen H T 2013 Science 340 1304
[9] Pors A, Nielsen M G, Eriksen R L, Bozhevolnyi S I 2013 Nano Lett. 13 829
[10] Wei Z Y, Cao Y, Su X P, Gong Z J, Long Y, Li H Q 2013 Opt. Express 21 010739
[11] Cheng J R, Mosallaei H 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2719
[12] Pfeiffer C, Grbic A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 231116
[13] Qu S W, Wu W W, Chen B J, Yi H, Bai X, Ng K B, Chan C H 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 963
[14] Pu M B, Chen P, Wang C T, Wang Y Q, Zhao Z Y, Hu C G, Huang C, Luo X G 2013 Aip Adv. 3 052136
[15] Aieta F, Genevet P, Kats M A, Yu N F, Blanchard R Gaburro Z, Capasso F 2012 Nano Lett. 12 4932
[16] Sun S L, Yang K Y, Wang C M, Juan T K, Chen T K, Liao C Y, He Q, Xiao S Y, Kung W T, Guo G Y, Zhou L, Tsai D P 2012 Nano Lett. 12 6223
[17] Yang Q L, Gu J Q, Wang D Y, Zhang X Q, Tian Z, Ouyang C M, Ranjan S, Han J G, Zhang W L 2014 Opt. Express 22 25931
[18] Saeidi C, Weide D V D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 113110
[19] Wang J F, Qu S B, Ma H, Xu Z, Zhang A X, Zhou H, Chen H Y, Li Y F 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 201104
[20] Li Y F, Zhang J Q, Qu S B, Wang J F, Chen H Y, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 084103 (in Chinese) [李勇峰, 张介秋, 屈绍波, 王甲富, 陈红雅, 徐卓, 张安学 2014 63 084103]
[21] Xu J J, Zhang H C, Zhang Q, Cui T J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 021102
[22] Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light-Sci. Appl. 3 e218
[23] Hasman E, Kleiner V, Biener G, Niv A 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 328
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