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To image a large-size object with a high spatial resolution in a kiloelectronvolt (keV) X-ray range, a method is proposed to analyze and simulate the imaging of an extended X-ray source by a Fresnel phase zone plate (FPZP), based on the translational invariance of the point spread function in a 1 mm square area on the objective plane. Using this method, the imaging of an extended source of a different size is simulated under a typical experimental condition of image-to-source magnification of 10 for an FPZP of an outmost zone width of 0.35 μm. The results show that the image contrast decreases with the increase of the source size, and the zeroth-order and the minus first-order diffractions of the FPZP contribute mainly to the image background enhancement and the contrast decrease. The spatial resolution to the objective plane is also found to be reduced. For a 1-mm-square-shape source with a sinusoidal-distribution intensity modulation of contrast 1, the image modulation contrast is below 0.4, and the spatial resolution is 0.75 μm.
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Keywords:
- X-ray imaging /
- extended source /
- Fresnel zone plate /
- high order diffraction
[1] Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Sute L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[2] Fujioka S, Shiraga H, Nishikino M, Shigemori K, Sunahara A, Nakai M, Azechi H, Nishihara K, Yamanaka K 2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 4784
[3] Xiang Z L, Yu C X 1982 High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics (vol.2) (Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press) pp206-207 (in Chinese) [项志遴, 俞昌旋 1982 高温等离子体诊断技术(下册) (上海:上海科学技术出版社) 第206–207页]
[4] Marshall F J, Bennett G R 1999 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70 617
[5] Wang X F, Wang J Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 025212 (in Chinese) [王晓方, 王晶宇 2011 60 025212]
[6] Chao W, Harteneck B D, Liddle J A, Anderson E H, Attwood D T 2005 Nature 435 1210
[7] Tian Y C, Li W, Chen J, Liu L, Liu G, Tkachuk A, Tian J, Xiong Y, Gelb J, Hsu G, Yun W 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 103708
[8] Cauchon G, P-Thomasset M, Sauneuf R, Dhez P, Idir M, Ollivier M, Troussel P, Boutin J Y, Le Breton J P 1998 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3186
[9] Azechi H, Tamari Y 2003 J. Plasma Fusion Res. 79 398
[10] Dong J J, Cao L F, Chen M, Xie C Q, Du H B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3044 (in Chinese) [董建军, 曹磊峰, 陈 铭, 谢常青, 杜华冰 2008 57 3044]
[11] Kirz J 1974 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64 301
[12] Born M, Wolf E 2001 Principles of Optics (7th Ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp421-491
[13] Attwood D (Translated by Zhang J) 2003 Soft X-rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications (Beijing: Science Press) pp349-359 (in Chinese) [阿特伍德 D. 著, 张 杰译 2003 软X射线与极紫外辐射的原理和应用 (北京:科学出版社) 第349–359页]
[14] Azechi H, Tamari Y, Shiraga H 2003 Institute of Laser Engineering Annual Reports (Osaka: Osaka University) p100
[15] Da Silva L B, Trebes J E, Mrowka S, Barbee T W, Brase J J, Koch J A, London R A, MacGowan B J, Matthews D L, Minyard D, Stone G, Yorkey T, Anderson E, Attwood D T, Kern D 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 754
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[1] Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Sute L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[2] Fujioka S, Shiraga H, Nishikino M, Shigemori K, Sunahara A, Nakai M, Azechi H, Nishihara K, Yamanaka K 2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 4784
[3] Xiang Z L, Yu C X 1982 High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics (vol.2) (Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press) pp206-207 (in Chinese) [项志遴, 俞昌旋 1982 高温等离子体诊断技术(下册) (上海:上海科学技术出版社) 第206–207页]
[4] Marshall F J, Bennett G R 1999 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70 617
[5] Wang X F, Wang J Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 025212 (in Chinese) [王晓方, 王晶宇 2011 60 025212]
[6] Chao W, Harteneck B D, Liddle J A, Anderson E H, Attwood D T 2005 Nature 435 1210
[7] Tian Y C, Li W, Chen J, Liu L, Liu G, Tkachuk A, Tian J, Xiong Y, Gelb J, Hsu G, Yun W 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 103708
[8] Cauchon G, P-Thomasset M, Sauneuf R, Dhez P, Idir M, Ollivier M, Troussel P, Boutin J Y, Le Breton J P 1998 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3186
[9] Azechi H, Tamari Y 2003 J. Plasma Fusion Res. 79 398
[10] Dong J J, Cao L F, Chen M, Xie C Q, Du H B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3044 (in Chinese) [董建军, 曹磊峰, 陈 铭, 谢常青, 杜华冰 2008 57 3044]
[11] Kirz J 1974 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64 301
[12] Born M, Wolf E 2001 Principles of Optics (7th Ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp421-491
[13] Attwood D (Translated by Zhang J) 2003 Soft X-rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications (Beijing: Science Press) pp349-359 (in Chinese) [阿特伍德 D. 著, 张 杰译 2003 软X射线与极紫外辐射的原理和应用 (北京:科学出版社) 第349–359页]
[14] Azechi H, Tamari Y, Shiraga H 2003 Institute of Laser Engineering Annual Reports (Osaka: Osaka University) p100
[15] Da Silva L B, Trebes J E, Mrowka S, Barbee T W, Brase J J, Koch J A, London R A, MacGowan B J, Matthews D L, Minyard D, Stone G, Yorkey T, Anderson E, Attwood D T, Kern D 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 754
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