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Active particle systems are nonequilibrium systems composed of selfpropelled Brownian particles, where interactions between particles can give rise to various collective behaviors. This study, based on Brownian dynamics simulations, explores the effects of light intensity, rotational diffusion coefficient, and the width and spacing of illuminated regions on the aggregation structures of the system. First, this study examines the influence of light intensity on aggregation structures under different rotational diffusion coefficients, finding that as the rotational diffusion coefficient increases, the system gradually stabilizes. This stabilization is attributed to the reduced collision effects among particles at higher diffusion coefficients. Under suitable rotational diffusion coefficients, gradually increasing the ratio of longitudinal to transverse light-induced self-propulsion forces leads to a transition in the system's aggregation structure from a transverse stripe structure configuration to a tic-tac-toe structure, ultimately resulting in a longitudinal stripe structure. This indicates that the system's aggregation structure can be effectively controlled by varying the relative light intensities of the longitudinal and transverse illumination. From a dynamical perspective, unstable structures consistently exhibit a super-diffusive behavior throughout the simulations, while stable structures transition from initial super-diffusion to normal diffusion, indicating that under steady state conditions, particles aggregate in the shaded regions, exhibiting Brownian motion. To further investigate the influence of light fields on collective particle behavior, this study systematically varied the width of the illuminated regions and the spacing between adjacent illuminated regions, finding that the overall trends were consistent with previous conclusions. It was also observed that wider illuminated regions with narrower spacing facilitate the formation of tictac-toe structures, while narrower illuminated regions with wider spacing tend to lead to the emergence of a novel structure—checkerboard structures. This study investigates the phase separation behavior of particles in complex optical field environments, providing valuable insights for controlling aggregation states in active particle systems.
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Keywords:
- light field regulation /
- active particle /
- ordered structure
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