Proton beam energy deposition in fast ignition and production of protons on Shenguang II upgraded device

He Min-Qing; Zhang Hua; Li Ming-Qiang; Peng Li; Zhou Cang-Tao

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20222005

Abstract

The proton beam energy deposition and the prodution of proton beams in proton fast ignition are investigated with the fluid program, partice-in-cell program and Fokker-Planck program based on the parameters of Shenguang II upgraded device. Firstly, according to the target parameters of fast ignition, the energy depositions of different energy protons are investigated. It is obtained that the higher the incident proton energy, the higher the surface density that the protons go through, accordingly the longer the proton deposition distance in the same background plasma density. On the assumption that the diameter of the compression core is 20–30 μm, and that the protons deposited in the core give the energy to the background plasma, the energy of the proton required by fast ignition is obtained by Fokker-Planck simulation. Protons with energy of 7–12 MeV are appropriate for ignition when the background plasma density is 300 g/cm³, while 8–18 MeV protons for 400 g/cm³. The background plasma temperatures are both 5 keV in the two cases. Secondly, we use particle-in-cell program to study the proton acceleration with or without preplasma which is given by fluid program with using the laser intensity $ I = 5.4 \times {10^{19}}{\text{ }}{\rm{W/c}}{{\rm{m}}^2} $ based on the parameters of Shenguang II upgraded device. The laser has 350 J of enegy, 3 ps of Gaussion pluse width and 10 µm of spot radius. The curvature of the target which is 10 µm thick copper coated with 1 µm thick hydrogen plasma, is 500 µm. The maximum proton energy obtained with preplama is 22 MeV, however the maximum proton energy obtained without preplasma is 17.5 MeV. The conversion efficiency from laser to protons is 5.12% with preplasma and 4.15% without preplasma. The conversion efficiency with preplasma is 20% higher than that without preplasma. We also study the mechanisms of the acceleration in the two situations. The freely expanding plasma model is used to explain the acceleration mechanism. The simulated electric field is smaller than that calculated by using the freely expanding plasma model, because some protons are accelerated at the time of plasma expansion, which consumes some electric field. The results of proton energy deposition show that the proton beams that are suitable for fast ignition can be obtained by the Shenguang II upgraded device.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
2.
Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
3.
Engineering Physics College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China

Corresponding author: He Min-Qing, he_minqing@iapcm.ac.cn ; Zhang Hua, zhanghua@sztu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Programme for S&T Research and Develoment (Grant No. 2016YFA0401100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12075033, 11975055), and the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. TZ2018005).

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References

[1]	Meyer-terVehn J 2001 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 43 A113 Google Scholar
[2]	Shlyaptsev V, Tatchyn R O 2004 Proc. SPIE 5194 30 Google Scholar
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[6]	Ping Y, Shepherd R, Lasinski B F, Tabak M, Chen H, Chung H K, Fournier K B, Hansen S B, Kemp A, Liedahl D A, Widmann K, Wilks S C, Rozmus W, and Sherlock M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 085004 Google Scholar
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[37]	He M Q, Dong Q L, Sheng Z M, Weng S M, Chen M, Wu H C, Zhang J 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 035402(R Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 能量损失随沉积距离的关系图(E_p为质子能量, ρs为面密度)

Figure 1. Stopping power plotted as a function of the proton penetration .

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) 不同能量的质子束沉积距离; (b) 不同能量的质子束的沉积时间(E_p为入射质子能量, $ {\tau _{{\text{dep}}}} $为质子沉积时间)

Figure 2. (a) Stopping range vs. proton energy; (b) the stopping time vs. proton energy (E_p is the proton energy and $ {\tau _{{\text{dep}}}} $ is the proton deposition time)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 初始等离子体密度分布示意图(靶的曲率半径为500 μm)　(a) 没有预等离子体情况; (b) 有预等离子体情况

Figure 3. Initial plasma density distribution: (a) Without preplasma; (b) with preplasma.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 二维粒子模拟得到的质子能谱图(E_p为质子能量, dN/dE_p为单位能量粒子数); (b) 最高质子能随激光能量分布图(E_L为入射激光能量, E_p,max为最大质子能量)

Figure 4. (a) Proton energy spectrum from PIC simulation (E_p is the proton energy, dN/dE is the number of protons per unit energy); (b) the maximum proton energy vs. laser energy (E_L is the laser energy, E_p,max is the maximum proton energy).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 二维粒子模拟得到的t = 500 fs时纵向电场在x方向的分布　(a) 无预等离子体情况; (b) 有预等离子体情况

Figure 5. Longitudinal electrical field distribution in x direction at t = 500 fs from 2D PIC simulation: (a) Without preplasma; (b) with preplasma.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 二维粒子模拟得到的无预等离子体和有预等离子时质子束品质比较.

Table 1. Proton qualities with preplasma or without preplasma by 2D PIC simulations.

转化效率/% 最高质子能/MeV 质子数/个 (7—18 MeV)

无预等离子体 4.25 17 7.81×10¹²
有预等离子体 5.12 25 1.01×10¹³

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Meyer-terVehn J 2001 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 43 A113 Google Scholar
[2]	Shlyaptsev V, Tatchyn R O 2004 Proc. SPIE 5194 30 Google Scholar
[3]	Hu S X, Goncharov V N, Skupsky S 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 072703 Google Scholar
[4]	Lee J G, Robinson A P L, Pasley J 2020 Phys. Plasmas 27 042711 Google Scholar
[5]	Davies J R 2009 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51 014006 Google Scholar
[6]	Ping Y, Shepherd R, Lasinski B F, Tabak M, Chen H, Chung H K, Fournier K B, Hansen S B, Kemp A, Liedahl D A, Widmann K, Wilks S C, Rozmus W, and Sherlock M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 085004 Google Scholar
[7]	Tabak M, Hammer J, Glinsky M E, Kruer W L, Wilks S C, Woodworth J, Campbell E M, Perry M D, Mason R J 1994 Phys. Plasmas 1 1626 Google Scholar
[8]	Wilks S C, Kruer W L, Tabak M, Langdon A B 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 1383 Google Scholar
[9]	Beg F N, Bell A R, Dangor A E, Danson C N, Fews A P, Glinsky M E, Hammel B A, Lee P, Norreys P A, Tatarakis M 1997 Phys. Plasmas 4 447 Google Scholar
[10]	Kluge T, Cowan T, Debus A, Schramm U, Zeil K, Bussmann M 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 205003 Google Scholar
[11]	Kodama R, Norreys P A, Mima K, Dangor A E, Evans R G, Fujita H, Kitagawa Y, Krushelnick K, Miyakoshi T, Miyanaga N, Norimatsu T, S J, Shozaki T, Shigemori K, Sunahara A, Tampo M, Tanaka K A, Toyama Y, Yamanaka T, Zepf M 2001 Nature 412 798 Google Scholar
[12]	Snavely R, Key M H, Hatchett S P, Cowan T E, Roth M, Phillips T W, Stoyer M A, Henry E A, Sangster T C, Singh M S, Wilks S C, MacKinnon A, Offenberger A, Pennington D M, Yasuike K, Langdon A B, Lasinski B F, Johnson J, Perry M D, Campbell E M 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2945
[13]	Hatchett S P, Brown C G, Cowan T E, Henry E A, Johnson J S, Key M H, Koch J A, Langdon A B, Lasinski B F, Lee R W, Machinnon A J, Pennington D M, Perry M D, Phillips T W, Roth M, Sangster T C, Singh M S, Snavely R A, Stoyer M A, Wilks S C, Yasuike K 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 2076 Google Scholar
[14]	Wilks S C, Langdon A B, Cowan T E, Roth M, Singh M, Hatchett S, Key M H, Pennington D, MacKinnon A, Snavely R A 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 542 Google Scholar
[15]	Ruhl H, Bulanov S V, Cowan T E, Liseikina T V, Nickles P, Pegoraro F, Roth M, Sandner W 2001 Plasma Phys. Rep. 27 363 Google Scholar
[16]	Roth M, Cowan T E, Key M H, Hatchett S P, Brown C, Fountain W, Johnson J, Pennington D M, Snavely R A, Wilks S C, Yasuike K, Ruhl H, Pegoraro F, Bulanov S V, Campbell E M, Perry M D, Powell H 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 436 Google Scholar
[17]	Atzeni S, Temporal M, Honrubia J J 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 L1 Google Scholar
[18]	Key M H 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 055502 Google Scholar
[19]	Key M, Freeman R R, Hatchett S P, MacKinnon A J, Patel P K, Snavely R A, Stephens R B 2006 Fusion Sci. Technol. 49 440 Google Scholar
[20]	Temporal M, Honrubia J J, Atzeni S 2002 Phys. Plasmas 9 3098 Google Scholar
[21]	Bychenkov V Y, Rozmus W, Maksimchuk A, Umstadter D, Capjack C E 2001 Plasma Phys. Rep. 27 1017 Google Scholar
[22]	Shmatov M L 2003 Fusion Sci. Technol. 43 456 Google Scholar
[23]	Shmatov M L 2008 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 112 022061 Google Scholar
[24]	Hegelich B M, Albright B J, Cobble J, Flippo K, Letzring S, Paffett M, Ruhl H, Schreiber J, Schulze R K, Fernandez J C 2006 Nature 439 441 Google Scholar
[25]	Atzeni S, Schiavi A, Davies J R 2009 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51 015016 Google Scholar
[26]	Nanbu K andYonemura S 1998 J. Comput. Phys. 145 639 Google Scholar
[27]	徐涵, 卓红斌, 杨晓虎, 侯永, 银燕, 刘杰 2017 计算物理 34 505 Google Scholar Xu H, Zhuo H B, Yang X H, Huo Y, Yin Y, Liu J 2017 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 34 505 Google Scholar
[28]	Davies J R 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 026407 Google Scholar
[29]	Wu S Z, Zhou C T, Zhu S P, Zhang H, He X T 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 022703 Google Scholar
[30]	Ren C, Tzoufras M, Tonge J, Mori W B, Tsung F S, Fiore M, Fonseca R A, Silva L O, Adam J C, Heron A 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 056308 Google Scholar
[31]	Li C K, Petrasso R D 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 056314 Google Scholar
[32]	Fano U 1963 Annu. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 13 1 Google Scholar
[33]	Chang J S, Copper G 1970 J. Comput. Phys. 6 1 Google Scholar
[34]	Huang H, Zhang Z M, Zhang B, Hong W, He S K, Meng L B, Qi W, Cui B, Zhou W M 2021 Matter Radiat. Extremes 6 044401 Google Scholar
[35]	Raffestin D, Lecherbourg L, Lantuéjoul I, Vauzour B, Masson-Laborde P. E, Davoine X, Blanchot N, Dubois J L, Vaisseau X, d’Humières E, Gremillet L, Duval A, Reverdin Ch, Rosse B, Boutoux G, Ducret J E, Rousseaux Ch, Tikhonchuk V, Batani D 2021 Matter Radiat. Extremes 6 056901 Google Scholar
[36]	Jung D, Yin L, Albright B J, Gautier D C, Horlein R, Kiefer D, Henig A, Johnson R, Letzring S, Palaniyappan S, Shah R, Shimada T, Yan X Q, Bowers K J, Tajima T, Fernandez J C, Habs D, Heglich B M 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 115002 Google Scholar
[37]	He M Q, Dong Q L, Sheng Z M, Weng S M, Chen M, Wu H C, Zhang J 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 035402(R Google Scholar
[38]	何民卿, 董全力, 盛政明, 翁苏明, 陈民, 武慧春, 张杰 2009 58 363 Google Scholar He M Q, Dong Q L, Sheng Z M, Weng S M, Chen M, Wu H C, Zhang J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 363 Google Scholar
[39]	何民卿, 董全力, 盛政明, 张杰 2015 64 105202 Google Scholar He M Q, Dong Q L, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 105202 Google Scholar
[40]	Yao W, Fazzini A, Chen S N, Burdonov K, Antici P, Béard J, Bolaños S, Ciardi A, Diab R, Filippov E D, Kisyov S, Lelasseux V, Miceli M, Moreno Q, Nastasa V, Orlando S, Pikuz S, Popescu D C, Revet G, Ribeyre X, d’Humières E, Fuchs J 2022 Matter Radiat. Extremes 7 014402 Google Scholar
[41]	Habara H, Lancaster K L, Karsch S, Murphy C D, Norreys P A, Evans R G, Borgomaghesi M, RomagnaniL, Zepf M, Norimastu T, Toyama Y, Kodama R, King J A, Snavely R, Akli K, Zhang B, Freeman R, Hatchett S, MacKinnon A J, Patel P, Key M H, Stoeckl C, Stephens R B, Fonseca R A, Silva L O 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 046414 Google Scholar
[42]	Borghesi M, Bigongiari A, Kar S, Macchi A, Romagnani L, Audebert P, Fuchs J, Toncian T, Willi O, Bulanov S V 2008 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 50 124040 Google Scholar
[43]	Passoni M, Perego C, Sattoni A, Batani D 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 060701 Google Scholar
[44]	Denavit J 1979 Phys. Fluids 22 1384 Google Scholar

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Vol. 72, Issue 9 - 2023-05-05

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