Air-lasing high-resolution spectroscopy for atmospheric remote sensing

Zhang Hai-Su; Qiao Ling-Ling; Cheng Ya

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20221913

Abstract

Air-lasing is a cavityless coherent radiation generated in free space from air constituents as gain medium, featuring high collimation, high coherence, and high intensity. Benefited from the long-range filamentation of high-power ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air, the air-lasing can be induced remotely, providing an ideal light source for atmospheric remote sensing and chemical species-resolved detection. Owing to the coherent atomic/molecular excitation process accompanied with the generation of air laser, remote sensing based on air-lasing has high spectral resolution and high detection sensitivity, which recently proved to be a powerful tool for important applications such as in trace molecule detection, greenhouse gas monitoring and industrial pollutant detection. In this short review, the physical mechanism of air lasing is briefly introduced, and various applications of air laser remote sensing are reviewed emphatically, and the future research is prospected.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal Univeristy, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

Corresponding author: Cheng Ya, ya.cheng@siom.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0705000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12192251, 12134001).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光的时空特性^[17]　(a)中心波长为428 nm的$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光光谱, 插图为$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光的远场光斑形状; (b)$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光的时域波形, 红色箭头标明800 nm驱动激光脉冲入射时刻

Figure 1. Spectral-temporal profiles of $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ lasing^[17]: (a) $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser spectrum with the central wavelength of 428 nm, the inset is the far-field profile of $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser; (b) $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser temporal profile with the red arrow denoting the timing of the 800 nm driving pulse.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光和$ {\rm{N}}_{2} $拉曼散射光谱^[16]　(a) $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光光谱; (b) $ {\rm{N}}_{2} $拉曼散射光谱

Figure 2. Spectra of $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser and $ {\rm{N}}_{2} $ Raman scattering^[16]: (a) $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser spectrum; (b) $ {\rm{N}}_{2} $ Raman scattering spectrum.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 利用$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光产生高阶拉曼散射^[17]　(a)实验装置示意图; (b) $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光在不同气压的CO₂气体中产生的高阶转动拉曼散射光谱, 插图为1 atm (1 atm = 1.013×10⁵ Pa)下的拉曼散射信号空间光斑形状

Figure 3. High-order cascaded Raman scattering induced by $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser^[17]: (a) Experimental schematic; (b) measured high-order rotational Raman scattering spectra at various gas pressures of CO₂, inset shows the spatial profile of Raman signals at 1 atm (1 atm = 1.013×10⁵ Pa).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $激光在CO₂中产生拉曼散射^[18]　(a) CO₂中对应的拉曼跃迁能级图; (b) N₂, $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $, O₂和 CO₂的拉曼散射光谱

Figure 4. Raman scattering induced by $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser: (a) Relevant Raman transition levels in CO₂; (b) Raman scattering spectra of N₂, $ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $, O₂ and CO₂.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 空气激光辅助相干拉曼散射^[19]　(a) 空气激光和相干拉曼散射产生机制示意图; (b), (c) 相干拉曼信号强度与气体浓度的定量关系, 插图为最小浓度下测得CO₂和SF₆的拉曼信号

Figure 5. Air-lasing based coherent Raman scattering^[19]: (a) Generation scheme of air-lasing and coherent Raman scattering; (b), (c) intensity of Raman signal as a function of gas pressure, inset shows the measured Raman signals of CO₂ and SF₆ at the minimum pressures.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	姚金平, 程亚 2020 中国激光 47 0500005 Google Scholar Yao J, Cheng Y 2020 Chin. J. Laser 47 0500005 Google Scholar
[2]	Chin S L, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z, Yamanouchi K 2013 Chin. Opt. Lett. 11 013201 Google Scholar
[3]	Polynkin P, Cheng Y 2018 Air Lasing (Cham: Springer International Publishing) p139
[4]	Luo Q, Liu W W, Chin S L 2003 Appl. Phys. B 76 337 Google Scholar
[5]	Dogariu A, Michael J B, Scully M O, Miles R B 2011 Science 331 442 Google Scholar
[6]	Yao J P, Zeng B, Xu H L, Li G H, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Chin S L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 051802 Google Scholar
[7]	Hemmer P R, Miles R B, Polynkin P, Siebert T, Sokolov A V, Sprangle P, Scully M O 2011 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 3130 Google Scholar
[8]	Traverso A J, Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Yuan L Q, Wang K, Voronine D V, Zheltikov A M, Rostovtsev Y, Sautenkov V A, Sokolov A V, North S W, Scully M O 2012 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 15185 Google Scholar
[9]	Malevich P N, Kartashov D, Pu Z, Alisauskas S, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Giniunas L, Danielius R, Zheltikov A, Marangoni M, Cerullo G 2012 Opt. Express 20 18784 Google Scholar
[10]	Malevich P N, Maurer R, Kartashov D, Alisauskas S, Lanin A A, Zheltikov A M, Marangoni M, Cerullo G, Baltuska A, Pugzlys A 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 2469 Google Scholar
[11]	Yuan L Q, Liu Y, Yao J P, Cheng Y 2019 Adv. Quantum Tech. 2 1900080 Google Scholar
[12]	Braun A, Korn G, Liu X, Du D, Squier J, Mourou G 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 73 Google Scholar
[13]	Couairon A, Mysyrowicz A 2007 Phys. Rep. 441 47 Google Scholar
[14]	Fu Y, Cao J C, Yamanouchi K, Xu H L 2022 Ultrafast Sci. 4 9867028 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhang F B, Xie H Q, Yuan L, Zhang Z H, Fu B T, Yu S P, Li G H, Zhang N, Lu X, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 481 Google Scholar
[16]	Ni J L, Chu W, Zhang H S, Zeng B, Yao J P, Qiao L L, Li G H, Jing C R, Xie H Q, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2250 Google Scholar
[17]	Liu Z X, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Xu B, Chen J M, Zhang F B, Zhang Z H, Wan Y X, Chu W, Wang Z H, Cheng Y 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 043404 Google Scholar
[18]	Zhao X D, Nolte S, Ackermann R 2020 Opt. Lett. 45 3661 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhang Z H, Zhang F B, Xu B, Xie H Q, Fu B T, Lu X, Zhang N, Yu S P, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2022 Ultrafast Sci. 2 9761458 Google Scholar
[20]	Laurain A, Scheller M, Polynkin P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 253901 Google Scholar
[21]	Dogariu A, Miles R B 2016 Opt. Express 24 A544 Google Scholar
[22]	Kartashov D, Ališauskas S, Andriukaitis G, Pugzlys A, Shneider M, Zheltikov A, Chin S L, Baltuska A 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033831 Google Scholar
[23]	Mitryukovskiy S, Liu Y, Ding P J, Houard A, Mysyrowicz A 2014 Opt. Express 22 12750 Google Scholar
[24]	Mitryukovskiy S, Liu Y, Ding P J, Houard A, Couairon A, Mysyrowicz A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 063003 Google Scholar
[25]	Yao J P, Li G H, Jing C R, Zeng B, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xie H Q, Zhang C J, Li H L, Xu H L, Chin S L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 New J. Phys. 15 023046 Google Scholar
[26]	Liu Y, Ding P J, Lambert G, Houard A, Tikhonchuk V, Mysyrowicz A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 133203 Google Scholar
[27]	Xu H L, Lötstedt E, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8347 Google Scholar
[28]	Yao J P, Jiang S C, Chu W, Zeng B, Wu C Y, Lu R F, Li Z T, Xie H Q, Li G H, Yu C, Wang Z S, Jiang H B, Gong Q H, Cheng Y 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 143007 Google Scholar
[29]	Liu Y, Ding P J, Ibrakovic N, Bengtsson S, Chen S H, Danylo R, Simpson E R, Larsen E W, Zhang X, Fan Z Q 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 203205 Google Scholar
[30]	Liu Z X, Yao J P, Chen J M, Xu B, Chu W, Cheng Y 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 083205 Google Scholar
[31]	Britton M, Laferrière P, Ko D H, Li Z Y, Kong F Q, Brown G, Naumov A, Zhang C M, Arissian L, Corkum P B 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 133208 Google Scholar
[32]	Yao J P, Chu W, Liu Z X, Chen J M, Xu B, Cheng Y 2018 Appl. Phys. B 124 73
[33]	Ando T, Lötstedt E, Iwasaki A, Li H L, Fu Y, Wang S Q, Xu H L, Yamanouchi K 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 203201 Google Scholar
[34]	Li H L, Hou M Y, Zang H W, Fu Y, Lotstedt E, Ando T, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K, Xu H L 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 013202 Google Scholar
[35]	Li H X, Lötstedt E, Li H L, Zhou Y, Dong N N, Deng L H, Lu P F, Ando T, Iwasaki A, Fu Y 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 053201 Google Scholar
[36]	Zhang H S, Jing C R, Yao J P, Li G H, Zeng B, Chu W, Ni J L, Xie H Q, Xu H L, Chin S L, Yamanouchi K, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 Phys. Rev. X 3 041009 Google Scholar
[37]	Jing C R, Zhang H S, Chu W, Xie H Q, Ni J L, Zeng B, Li G H, Yao J P, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2014 Opt. Express 22 3151 Google Scholar
[38]	Jing C R, Yao J P, Li Z T, Ni J L, Zeng B, Chu W, Li G H, Xie H Q, Cheng Y 2015 J. Phys. B 48 094001 Google Scholar
[39]	Li G H, Jing C R, Zeng B, Xie H Q, Yao J P, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xu H L, Cheng Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033833 Google Scholar
[40]	Chen J M, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Liu Z X, Xu B, Chu W, Qiao L L, Wang Z H, Fatome J, Faucher O, Wu CY, Cheng Y 2019 Phys. Rev. A 100 031402 Google Scholar
[41]	Xie H Q, Zeng B, Li G H, Chu W, Zhang H S, Jing C R, Yao J P, Ni J L, Wang Z H, Li Z T 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 042504 Google Scholar
[42]	Zeng B, Chu W, Li G H, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Ni J L, Jing C R, Xie H Q, Cheng Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 042508 Google Scholar

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