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Dual-wavelength mode-locked lasers can be widely used in optical communication, pump-probe experiment, nonlinear frequency conversion, etc. In this paper, a dual-wavelength self-mode-locked semiconductor disk laser is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A simple linear resonator is formed by using a high reflectivity distributed Bragg reflector at the bottom of the gain chip, and an external output mirror; the cavity length is about 135 mm, with no need of additional inserted elements. Based on the Kerr effect of the gain medium and the soft aperture formed by the pump spot on the gain chip, along with the fine adjustment of cavity length and pump intensity, the mode-locking process can be started from the free running and the stable self-mode-locking can be realized. The mode-locked pulse width is 4.3 ps, the repetition rate is 1.1 GHz, and the maximum output power is 323.9 mW, which corresponds to a peak power of 68 W. After the laser is mode locked, a readily available blade, which can introduce a wavelength-dependent loss for different laser modes, resulting in a lager cavity loss for a longer-wavelength mode and a smaller cavity loss for a shorter-wavelength mode, is used as a wavelength tuning element, and is inserted into the cavity in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the resonator. By changing the depth of the blade inserted into the cavity, the laser wavelength can be continuously tuned from the initial oscillating wavelength (longer-wavelength) to a shorter wavelength, a stable dual-wavelength output with equal intensity can be obtained at a specific position, and the stable continuous-wave mode-locking can be maintained simultaneously. The steady dual-wavelengths in the experiment are 951 and 961 nm, and the corresponding output power is 32 mW. The above dual-wavelength outputs have good coherence since they are stimulated radiations from the same gain chip. Meanwhile, they have relatively high peak power and strictly meet the coaxial conditions, and these are all advantages for the difference frequency generation (DFG). The frequency of the DFG in the experiment is approximately 3.3 THz, which can be widely used in laser radar, remote sensing, homeland security, counter-terrorism, atmospheric and environmental monitoring and otherareas.
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Keywords:
- dual-wavelength /
- self-mode-locking /
- semiconductor disk lasers /
- Kerr effect
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Google Scholar
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图 1 自锁模SDLs实验简图
Figure 1. Schematics of the self-mode-locked SDLs.
图 2 自锁模SDLs输出的连续脉冲序列, 其上部插图为1 μs的时间扩展范围上的结果
Figure 2. The continuous-wave mode-locked pulse of the self-mode-locked SDLs. The upper inset is the results in the time extended range of 1 μs.
图 3 锁模脉冲的射频频谱, 其中1.1 GHz的基频信号即为脉冲的重复频率, 该值与自锁模SDLs的135 mm谐振腔长度严格对应
Figure 3. The RF spectrum of mode-locked pulse train, in which the fundamental frequency signal of 1.1 GHz is the repetition frequency of the mode-locked pulses, which strictly corresponds to the 135 mm resonator cavity length of the self-mode-locked SDLs.
图 4 锁模脉冲的自相关测量结果
Figure 4. Autocorrelation trance of the mode-locked pulses.
图 5 自锁模SDLs的激光光谱
Figure 5. Laser spectrum of the self-mode-locked SDLs.
图 6 SDLs的输出功率随泵浦功率变化曲线
Figure 6. Output power of the SDLs versus pump power.
图 7 锁模SDLs的光束质量M2因子
Figure 7. Beam quality M2 factor of the mold-locked SDLs.
图 8 用于获得双波长的SDLs结构简图
Figure 8. Schematics of the dual-wavelength SDLs.
图 9 泵浦功率为5.5 W时, SDLs的波长调谐和双波长输出, 及其相应的输出功率
Figure 9. Wavelength tuning and dual-wavelength output of the SDLs, and the corresponding output power when the pump power is set as 5.5 W.
图 10 双波长SDL自锁模输出的连续脉冲序列
Figure 10. Pulse train of the dual-wavelength continuous-wave self-mode-locked SDL.
图 11 双波长锁模脉冲的射频频谱, 其中的插图显示了四次谐波
Figure 11. RF spectrum of the dual-wavelength mode-locked pulse train. The inset shows harmonics up to fourth.
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[1] Guina M, Rantamäki A, Härkönen A 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 383001
Google Scholar
[2] Rahimi-Iman A 2016 J. Opt.-UK. 18 093003
Google Scholar
[3] Calvez S, Hastie J E, Guina M, Okhotnikov O G, Dawson M. D 2009 Laser Photonics Rev. 3 407
Google Scholar
[4] Esposito E, Keatings S, Gardner K, Harris J, Riis E, McConnell G 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 083702
Google Scholar
[5] Wang C L, Chuang Y H, Pan C L 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 1071
Google Scholar
[6] Khalighi M A, Uysal M 2014 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 16 2231
Google Scholar
[7] Chen Y F, Tsai S W, Wang S C, Huang Y C, Lin T C, Wong B C 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1809
Google Scholar
[8] Leinonen T, Morozov Y A, Harkonen A, Pessa M 2005 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17 2508
Google Scholar
[9] Fan L, Fallahi M, Hader J, Zakharian A R, Moloney J V, Stolz W, Koch S W, Bedford R, Murray J T 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 181124
Google Scholar
[10] Hessenius C, Terry N, Fallahi M, Moloney J, Bedford R 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 3060
Google Scholar
[11] Hessenius C, Lukowski M, Fallahi M 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 121110
Google Scholar
[12] Scheller M, Koch S W, Moloney J V 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 25
Google Scholar
[13] Zhang F, Gaafar M, Möller C, Stolz W, Koch M, Rahimi-Iman A 2016 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28 927
Google Scholar
[14] 邱小浪, 王爽爽, 张晓健, 朱仁江, 张鹏, 郭于鹤洋, 宋晏蓉 2019 68 114204
Google Scholar
Qiu X L, Wang S S, Zhang X J, Zhu R J, Zhang P, Guo Y H Y, Song Y R 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 114204
Google Scholar
[15] Zhang P, Mao L, Zhang X, Wang T, Wang L, Zhu R 2021 Opt. Express 29 16572
Google Scholar
[16] Scheller M, Baker C W, Koch S W, Moloney J V, Jones R J 2017 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 29 790
Google Scholar
[17] De S, Baili G, Alouini M, Harmand J C, Bouchoule S, Bretenaker F 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 5586
Google Scholar
[18] Tilma B W, Mangold M, Zaugg C A, Link S M, Waldburger D, Klenner A, Mayer A S, Gini E, Golling M, Keller U 2015 Light-Sci. Appl. 4 e310
Google Scholar
[19] Good J T, Holland D B, Finneran I A, Carroll P B, Kelley M J, Blake G A 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 103107
Google Scholar
[20] Miller D A B 2000 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6 1312
Google Scholar
[21] Keller U 2003 Nature 424 831
Google Scholar
[22] Liu X, Yao X, Cui Y 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 023905
Google Scholar
[23] Liu X, Pang M 2019 Laser Photonics Rev. 13 1800333
Google Scholar
[24] Hoogland S, Dhanjal S, Tropper A C, Roberts J S, Haring R, Paschotta R, Morier-Genoud F, Keller U 2000 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 12 1135
Google Scholar
[25] Gaafar M A, Rahimi-Iman A, Fedorova K A, Stolz W, Rafailov E U, Koch M 2016 Adv. Opt. Photonics 8 370
Google Scholar
[26] Chen Y F, Lee Y C, Liang H C, Lin K Y, Su K W, Huang K F 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4581
Google Scholar
[27] Kornaszewski L, Maker G, Malcolm G P A, Butkus M, Rafailov E U, Hamilton C J 2012 Laser Photonics Rev. 6 L20
Google Scholar
[28] Bek R, Großmann M, Kahle H, Koch M, Rahimi-Iman A, Jetter M, Michler P 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 182105
Google Scholar
[29] Albrecht A R, Wang Y, Ghasemkhani M, Seletskiy D V, Cederberg J G, Sheik-Bahae M 2013 Opt. Express 21 28801
Google Scholar
[30] Cong Z, Tang D, De Tan W, Zhang J, Xu C, Luo D, Xu X, Li D, Xu J, Zhang X, Wang Q 2011 Opt. Express 19 3984
Google Scholar
[31] Scheller M, Baker C W, Koch S W, Moloney J V 2016 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28 1325
Google Scholar
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