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At present, there are several kinds of broadband antireflection coatings (ARCs). For the flat multilayer ARC, it usually contains double, triple, or up to 4 layers. It has been demonstrated that the performance of a single layer coating is not good enough across the desired spectral range. Multiple layer ARCs have much better performance for broadband solar cells (SCs). When inspecting the antireflection structure of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells (CZTSSCs), it is shown that the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) of traditional CZTSSCs does not have an satisfactory antireflective performance. This paper aims to investigate a way to increase the incident light transmitted into CZTSSCs, and thus improving the efficiency of solar cells by studying the use of the antireflective effect of a TCO film. It introduces a new type of TCO film with better antireflective properties across a wide wavelength range. An SiO2/ZnO antireflective TCO (ATCO) is designed under AM1.5 illumination. In order to measure the antireflective effect over the 300–800 nm wavelength range, an effective average reflectance method (EAR) is introduced. Considering the effect of the refractive index dispersion and the coupling of the TCO or ATCO films with the active layer, in this paper we use a multi-dimensional transfer matrix to optimize the thickness of each key layer to accurately confirm the best antireflective effect. In addition, the optimized TCO film and the optimized ATCO film in CZTSSCs are compared and analyzed by means of EAR. The result shows, through the comparison of the antireflection between conventional TCO CZTSSCs and ATCO CZTSSCs, that there are considerable differences in final optimal reflectivity between TCO layer and ATCO film. For the conventional CZTSSC, the optimal effective average reflectance of TCO layer is 5.6%, and the lowest reflectivity in the waveband from 400 nm to 500 nm is 6.9%. In addition, the corresponding values obtained in the new ATCO CZTSSC are 3.8% and 1.6% respectively. These apparent changes in reflectivity are appealing in that the new ATCO films can effectively reduce light loss and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion.
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Keywords:
- antireflective films /
- transparent conductive oxide /
- Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells /
- effective average reflectance
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图 1 Cu2ZnSnS4太阳能电池示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells.
图 2 传统的TCO膜的Re与膜厚的关系图
Figure 2. Conventional TCO film Re vs. film thickness.
图 3 优化后TCO膜的反射率与波长的关系
Figure 3. Reflectivity of optimal TCO film vs. wavelength.
图 4 SiO2/ZnO ATCO薄膜的Re与SiO2厚度的关系
Figure 4. SiO2/ZnO ATCO films Re vs. SiO2 thickness.
图 5 (a)最佳TCO膜反射率与波长的关系; (b)最佳SiO2/ZnO ATCO膜反射率与波长的关系
Figure 5. (a) Optimal TCO film reflectivity vs. wavelength; (b) optimal SiO2/ZnO ATCO films reflectivity vs. wavelength.
表 1 通过EAR方法优化的用于CZTS太阳能电池的常规TCO和新ATCO膜的参数
Table 1. Parameters of conventional TCO and new ATCO films for CZTSSC optimized by EAR method.
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[1] Siddique R H, Gomard G, and Holscher H 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6909
Google Scholar
[2] Jonathan S M, Wang G Y, John R M, James R H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 823
[3] Neeraj K, Choudhury S, Polley D, Acharya R, Sinha J, Barman A, Mitra R K 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 1764
Google Scholar
[4] Cao G Y, Zhang C, Wu S L, Ma D, Li X F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 124202
Google Scholar
[5] Li L, Wu S L, Yu D, Wang W, Liu W C, Wu X S, Zhang F M 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 028401
Google Scholar
[6] Jayasinghe R C, Perera A G U, Zhu H, Zhao Y 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 4302
Google Scholar
[7] Zhan F, He J F, Shang X J, Li M F, Ni H Q, Xu Y Q, Niu Z C 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 037802
Google Scholar
[8] Leem J W, Jun D H, Heo J, Park W K, Park J H, Cho W J, Kim D E, Yu J S 2013 Opt. Express 21 A821
Google Scholar
[9] Richards B S 2003 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 79 369
Google Scholar
[10] Algora C, Alcaraz M F 1997 IEEE T. Electron Dev. 44 1499
Google Scholar
[11] Sun H T, Wang X P, Kou Z Q, Wang L J, Wang J Y, Sun Y Q 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 047701
Google Scholar
[12] Ali B, Shahram M, Nima J A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028803
Google Scholar
[13] Wang N F, Kuo T W, Tsai Y Z, Lin S X, Hung P K, Lin C L, Houng M P 2012 Opt. Express 20 7445
Google Scholar
[14] Dumont E, Dugnoille B, Bienfait S 1999 Thin Solid Films 353 93
Google Scholar
[15] Seol J S, Lee S Y, Lee J C, Nam H D, Kim K H 2003 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 75 155
Google Scholar
[16] Park W D 2012 Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater. 13 196
Google Scholar
[17] Teng C W, Muth J F, Özgür Ü, Bergmann M J, Everitt H O, Sharma A K, Jin C, Narayan J 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 979
Google Scholar
[18] Palik E D 1997 Handbook of Optical Constant of Solids (New York, USA: Academic Publishing)
[19] Born M, Wolf E. 1999 Principles of Optics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press) p70
[20] Macleod H A 2006 ThinFilm Optical Filters (London, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing) p86
[21] Zhan F, Li Z P, Shen X M, He H, Zeng J M 2014 Sci. World J. 26 5351
[22] Yuan H R, Xiang X, Chang X, Lu D 2000 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 21 371
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