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The semiconducting Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film with high absorption coefficient has long been recognized as a novel solar cell material. In this work, the performances of n-ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/n-CdS/p-CZTS solar cells are analyzed by using semiconductor theory. The influences of doping concentration, thickness, and defect states of CZTS layer and the doping concentration and thickness of CdS layer on the performances of the solar cells and the temperature characteristics are investigated. The calculated results show that the CZTS layer is a main absorption layer in the solar cell. The changes in doping concentration and thickness of CZTS layer have significant influence on the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The density of defect states in CZTS can sharply degrade the photovoltaic performances. The influences of the doping concentration and thickness of CdS layer can be neglected. The calculated results show that the optimal n-ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/n-CdS/p-CZTS structure has open-circuit voltage of 1.127 V, short circuit current density of 27.39 mA/cm2, fill factor of 87.5%, and conversion efficiency of 27.02%. In addition, the temperature gradient of conversion efficiency is -0.14%/K. These results reveal the promising photovoltaic characteristics of CZTS thin film serving as a solar cell absorber.
[1] Jackson P, Hariskos D, Lotter E, Paetel S, Wuerz R, Menner R, Wischmann W, Powalla M 2011 Prog. Photovoltaics 19 894
[2] Houmlnes K, Zscherpel E, Scragg J, Siebentritt S 2009 Physica B 404 4949
[3] Todorov T, Gunawan O, Chey S J, de Monsabert T G, Prabhakar A, Mitzi D B 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 7378
[4] Scragg J J, Dale P J, Peter L M, Zoppi G, Forbes I 2008 Phys. Status Solidi B 245 1772
[5] Ito K, Nakazawa T 1988 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 2094
[6] Jimbo K, Kimura R, Kamimura T, Yamada S, Maw W S, Araki H, Oishi K, Katagiri H 2007 Thin Solid Films 515 5997
[7] Zhang K, Liu F Y, Lai Y Q, Li Y, Yan C, Zhang Z A, Li J, Liu Y X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 028802 (in Chinese) [张坤, 刘芳洋, 赖延清, 李轶, 颜畅, 张治安, 李劼, 刘业翔 2011 60 028802]
[8] Jiang F, Shen H L, Wang W, Zhang L 2011 Appl. Phys. Express 4 074101
[9] Momose N, Htay M T, Yudasaka T, Igarashi S, Seki T, Iwano S, Hashimoto Y, Ito K 2011 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50 01BG09
[10] Zoppi G, Forbes I, Miles R W, Dale P J, Scragg J J, Peter L M 2009 Prog. Photovoltaics 17 315
[11] Guo Q, Ford G M, Yang W C, Walker B C, Stach E A, Hillhouse H W, Agrawal R 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 17384
[12] Katagiri H, Saitoh K, Washio T, Shinohara H, Kurumadani T, Miyajima S 2001 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 65 141
[13] Tanaka K, Oonuki M, Moritake N, Uchiki H 2009 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 93 583
[14] Maeda K, Tanaka K, Fukui Y, Uchiki H 2011 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 95 2855
[15] Ennaoui A, Lux-Steiner M, Weber A, Abou-Ras D, Kotschau I, Schock H W, Schurr R, Holzing A, Jost S, Hock R, Voss T, Schulze J, Kirbs A 2009 Thin Solid Films 517 2511
[16] Fernandes P A, Salome P M P, da Cunha A F, Schubert B A 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 7382
[17] Barkhouse D A R, Gunawan O, Gokmen T, Todorov T K, Mitzi D B 2012 Prog. Photovoltaics 20 6
[18] Stangl R, Kriegel M, Schmidt M 2006 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Waikoloa, H I, May 7-12, 2006 p1350
[19] Amin N, Hossain M I, Chelvanathan P, Uzzaman A S M M, Sopian K 2010 6th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Dhaka, Bangladesh, December 18-20, 2010 p730
[20] Guo Q J, Hillhouse H W, Agrawal R 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 11672
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[1] Jackson P, Hariskos D, Lotter E, Paetel S, Wuerz R, Menner R, Wischmann W, Powalla M 2011 Prog. Photovoltaics 19 894
[2] Houmlnes K, Zscherpel E, Scragg J, Siebentritt S 2009 Physica B 404 4949
[3] Todorov T, Gunawan O, Chey S J, de Monsabert T G, Prabhakar A, Mitzi D B 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 7378
[4] Scragg J J, Dale P J, Peter L M, Zoppi G, Forbes I 2008 Phys. Status Solidi B 245 1772
[5] Ito K, Nakazawa T 1988 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 2094
[6] Jimbo K, Kimura R, Kamimura T, Yamada S, Maw W S, Araki H, Oishi K, Katagiri H 2007 Thin Solid Films 515 5997
[7] Zhang K, Liu F Y, Lai Y Q, Li Y, Yan C, Zhang Z A, Li J, Liu Y X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 028802 (in Chinese) [张坤, 刘芳洋, 赖延清, 李轶, 颜畅, 张治安, 李劼, 刘业翔 2011 60 028802]
[8] Jiang F, Shen H L, Wang W, Zhang L 2011 Appl. Phys. Express 4 074101
[9] Momose N, Htay M T, Yudasaka T, Igarashi S, Seki T, Iwano S, Hashimoto Y, Ito K 2011 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50 01BG09
[10] Zoppi G, Forbes I, Miles R W, Dale P J, Scragg J J, Peter L M 2009 Prog. Photovoltaics 17 315
[11] Guo Q, Ford G M, Yang W C, Walker B C, Stach E A, Hillhouse H W, Agrawal R 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 17384
[12] Katagiri H, Saitoh K, Washio T, Shinohara H, Kurumadani T, Miyajima S 2001 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 65 141
[13] Tanaka K, Oonuki M, Moritake N, Uchiki H 2009 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 93 583
[14] Maeda K, Tanaka K, Fukui Y, Uchiki H 2011 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 95 2855
[15] Ennaoui A, Lux-Steiner M, Weber A, Abou-Ras D, Kotschau I, Schock H W, Schurr R, Holzing A, Jost S, Hock R, Voss T, Schulze J, Kirbs A 2009 Thin Solid Films 517 2511
[16] Fernandes P A, Salome P M P, da Cunha A F, Schubert B A 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 7382
[17] Barkhouse D A R, Gunawan O, Gokmen T, Todorov T K, Mitzi D B 2012 Prog. Photovoltaics 20 6
[18] Stangl R, Kriegel M, Schmidt M 2006 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Waikoloa, H I, May 7-12, 2006 p1350
[19] Amin N, Hossain M I, Chelvanathan P, Uzzaman A S M M, Sopian K 2010 6th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Dhaka, Bangladesh, December 18-20, 2010 p730
[20] Guo Q J, Hillhouse H W, Agrawal R 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 11672
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