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According to the theories of the solid physics and irreversible thermodynamics, the performance characteristics of a novel high-efficient graphene thermionic power device (TPD) are studied. The temperature of the cathode plate and anode plate are determined by solving the energy balance equation of hot and cold sides of the TPD. The effects of the output voltage and the work function of the cathode on the volt-ampere characteristics of the TPD and the temperature of the two electrodes are analyzed to determine the parametric characteristics of the TPD at the maximum power density and efficiency. The power density and efficiency are compromised, and the parametric optimal designs are given. The influence of the temperature of heat source at high temperature on optimization performance is analyzed. The results obtained here can provide theoretical guidance for developing the thermionic energy conversion devices.
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Keywords:
- thermionic power device /
- graphene /
- work function /
- performance optimization
[1] 王长宏, 林涛, 曾志环 2014 63 197201
Google Scholar
Wang C H, Lin T, Zeng Z H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 197201
Google Scholar
[2] 周敏, 黄荣进, 李来风, 蒋明波, 吴智雄 2010 59 7314
Google Scholar
Zhou M, Huang R J, Li L F, Jiang M B, Wu Z X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7314
Google Scholar
[3] Zeng T 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 153104
Google Scholar
[4] Lee J H, Bargatin I, Melosh N A, Howe R T 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 173904
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Google Scholar
[12] Liao T, Chen X, Lin B, Chen J 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 033901
Google Scholar
[13] Schwede J W, Bargatin I, Riley D C, et al. 2010 Nature Mater. 9 762
Google Scholar
[14] Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Li W, Liao T, Chen J 2018 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 39 383
[15] Yang Z, Peng W, Li W, Chen X, Chen J 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 154501
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[16] Liang S, Ang L K 2015 Phys. Rev. Appl. 3 014002
Google Scholar
[17] Liang S, Liu B, Hu W, Zhou K, Ang L K 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 46211
Google Scholar
[18] Misra S, Upadhyay K M, Mishra S K 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 065102
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[19] Mishra S K, Kahaly M U, Misra S 2017 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 121 358
Google Scholar
[20] 廖天军, 杨智敏, 林比宏 2014 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 44 125
Liao T J, Yang Z M, Lin B H 2014 Sci. Sin.: Phys. Mech. Astron. 44 125
[21] Wang Y, Su S, Lin B, Chen J 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 053502
Google Scholar
[22] Chen L, Ding Z, Sun F 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 104507
Google Scholar
[23] Zhang X, Pan Y, Chen J 2017 IEEE Trans. Electron Device 64 4594
Google Scholar
[24] Kuznetsov V I, Ender A Y, Babanin V I 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 044502
Google Scholar
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图 1 石墨烯TPD示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a graphene-based TPD.
图 2 给定不同
${\varPhi _{\rm{C}}}$ 时, (a)阴极温度和(b)阳极温度随输出电压变化曲线及(c)伏安特性曲线, 其中$\varepsilon = 0.20$ ,${E_{\rm{F}}} = 0.80\;\,{\rm{eV}}$ ,${U_{\rm{H}}} = {U_{\rm{L}}} = 0.2\,\;{\rm{W}}\cdot{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - {\rm{2}}}}\cdot{{\rm{K}}^{ - {\rm{1}}}}$ ,${T_{\rm{H}}} = 1500\,\;{\rm{K}}$ 和${T_{\rm{E}}} = 300\,\;{\rm{K}}$ Figure 2. (a) Curves of the cathode temperature, and (b) the anode temperature varying with the output voltage, and (c) the volt-ampere characteristic for given values of
${\varPhi _{\rm{C}}}$ , where$\varepsilon = 0.20$ ,${E_{\rm{F}}} = 0.80\,\,{\rm{eV}}$ ,${U_{\rm{H}}} = {U_{\rm{L}}} = 0.2\,\,{\rm{W}}\cdot{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - {\rm{2}}}}\cdot{{\rm{K}}^{ - {\rm{1}}}}$ ,${T_{\rm{H}}} = 1500\,\,{\rm{K}}$ , and${T_{\rm{E}}} = 300\,{\rm{K}}$ .
图 3 (a) TPD的功率密度和(b)效率随输出电压和阴极板功函数变化的三维图
Figure 3. Three-dimensional graphs of (a) the power density and (b) the efficiency varying with the output voltage and the work function of the cathode.
图 4 (a) TPD的优化功率密度和阴极功函数, (b)优化效率和阴极功函数随电压变化的曲线以及(c)性能特征曲线
${\eta _{{\rm{opt}}}}{\text{-}}{P_{{\rm{opt}}}}$ Figure 4. Curves of (a) the optimal power density and work function, (b) the optimal efficiency and work function varying with the voltage, and (c) the performance characteristic of TPD.
图 5 (a)
${P_{\max }}$ 和${\eta _{\max }}$ , (b)${V_P}$ 和${V_\eta }$ , (c)${\varPhi _{{\rm{C}},P}}$ 和${\varPhi _{{\rm{C}},\eta }}$ 随${T_{\rm{H}}}$ 的变化Figure 5. Curves of (a)
${P_{\max }}$ and${\eta _{\max }}$ , (b)${V_P}$ and${V_\eta }$ , and (c)${\varPhi _{{\rm{C}},P}}$ and${\varPhi _{{\rm{C}},\eta }}$ as a function of${T_{\rm{H}}}$ .
图 6
${P_{\max }}$ 和${\eta _{\max }}$ 随${E_{\rm{F}}}$ 变化的曲线, 其中${T_{\rm{H}}} = 1500\,\,{\rm{K}}$ Figure 6. Curves of
${P_{\max }}$ and${\eta _{\max }}$ as a function of${E_{\rm{F}}}$ , where${T_{\rm{H}}} = 1500\,\,{\rm{K}}$ .表 1 本文和文献[23]在优化性能时重要参数的取值.
Table 1. Values of key parameters at the optimum performances for the present work and the Ref. [23].
${\eta _{\max }}$ ${\varPhi _{{\rm{C}},\eta }}$ ${\varPhi _{{\rm{A}},\eta }}$ ${V_\eta }$ ${P_{\max }}$ ${\varPhi _{{\rm{C}},P}}$ ${\varPhi _{{\rm{A}},P}}$ ${V_P}$ 本文 0.60 2.38 0.59 1.79 45.5 1.83 0.79 1.04 文献[23] 0.30 3.00 1.75 1.25 0.575 3.00 2.21 0.794 
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[1] 王长宏, 林涛, 曾志环 2014 63 197201
Google Scholar
Wang C H, Lin T, Zeng Z H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 197201
Google Scholar
[2] 周敏, 黄荣进, 李来风, 蒋明波, 吴智雄 2010 59 7314
Google Scholar
Zhou M, Huang R J, Li L F, Jiang M B, Wu Z X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7314
Google Scholar
[3] Zeng T 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 153104
Google Scholar
[4] Lee J H, Bargatin I, Melosh N A, Howe R T 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 173904
Google Scholar
[5] Lee J I, Jeong Y H, No H C, Hannebauer R, Yoo S K 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 223107
Google Scholar
[6] Smith J R, Bibro G L, Nemanich R J 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 245327
Google Scholar
[7] Liao T 2019 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 40 115
Google Scholar
[8] Meir S, Stephanos C, Geballe T H, Mannhart J 2013 J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 5 043127
Google Scholar
[9] Olawole O C, De D K 2018 J. Photon. Energy 8 018001
[10] Post A D, King B V, Kisi E H 2017 Appli. Therm. Eng. 117 245
Google Scholar
[11] Xiao L, Wu S Y, Yang S L 2018 Int. J. Energy Res. 42 656
Google Scholar
[12] Liao T, Chen X, Lin B, Chen J 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 033901
Google Scholar
[13] Schwede J W, Bargatin I, Riley D C, et al. 2010 Nature Mater. 9 762
Google Scholar
[14] Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Li W, Liao T, Chen J 2018 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 39 383
[15] Yang Z, Peng W, Li W, Chen X, Chen J 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 154501
Google Scholar
[16] Liang S, Ang L K 2015 Phys. Rev. Appl. 3 014002
Google Scholar
[17] Liang S, Liu B, Hu W, Zhou K, Ang L K 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 46211
Google Scholar
[18] Misra S, Upadhyay K M, Mishra S K 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 065102
Google Scholar
[19] Mishra S K, Kahaly M U, Misra S 2017 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 121 358
Google Scholar
[20] 廖天军, 杨智敏, 林比宏 2014 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 44 125
Liao T J, Yang Z M, Lin B H 2014 Sci. Sin.: Phys. Mech. Astron. 44 125
[21] Wang Y, Su S, Lin B, Chen J 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 053502
Google Scholar
[22] Chen L, Ding Z, Sun F 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 104507
Google Scholar
[23] Zhang X, Pan Y, Chen J 2017 IEEE Trans. Electron Device 64 4594
Google Scholar
[24] Kuznetsov V I, Ender A Y, Babanin V I 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 044502
Google Scholar
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