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92 mol%BaTiO3-8 mol% (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 (BBNT8) lead-free positive temperature coefficient resistivity (PTCR) ceramics doped with Y2O3 are prepared by the solid state reaction method. The microstructure of the sample is observed by transmission electron microscope. Results show that the microstructure of the sample mainly consists of grain and grain boundary, and no obvious shell structure is found. The electrical properties of the sample are further analyzed using the impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the total resistance of BBNT8 is composed of the resistances of grain and grain boundary. The resistance of grain is low and slightly changes with temperature when the temperature is above the Curie temperature. The PTCR effect of the material is mainly dominated by the grain boundary resistance. As the temperature increases up to above the Curie temperature, the grain boundary permittivity decreases, leading to the increase of the potential barrier height and the resistivity of the grain boundary. As a result, the distinct PTCR effect takes place. Finally, the room-temperature resistivity of the BBNT8 is studied by measuring the permittivity-frequency characteristics.
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Keywords:
- lead-free /
- BaTiO3-(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 /
- positive temperature coefficient resistivity /
- impedance
[1] Hayman P W, Dam R W 1955 German Patent 929350 [1955-06-23]
[2] Wang S H, Hwang F S, Tseng T Y 1990 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 2767
[3] Kuwabara M, Suemura S, Kawahara M 1985 Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 64 1394
[4] Smolensky G A, Isupov V A, Agranovskaya A I, Krainik N N 1961 Sov. Phys. Solid State 2 2651
[5] Huo W R, Qu Y F 2006 Sens. Actuators A 128 265
[6] Takeda H, Shimada T, Katsuyama Y, Shiosaki T 2009 J. Electroceram. 22 263
[7] Takeda H, Aoto W, Shiosaki T 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 102104
[8] Leng S L, Li G R, Zheng L Y, Shi W, Zhu Y 2013 J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 24 431
[9] Hirose N, West A R 1996 J. Am Ceram. Soc. 79 1633
[10] Sinclair D C, West A R 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 66 3850
[11] Yuan C L, Liu X Y, Huang J Y, Zhou C R, Xu J W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 025201 (in Chinese) [袁昌来, 刘心宇, 黄静月, 周昌荣, 许积文 2011 60 025201]
[12] Yuan C L, Liu X Y, Yang Yun, Xu J W, Gu Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7396 (in Chinese) [袁昌来, 刘心宇, 杨云, 许积文, 谷岩 2010 59 7396]
[13] Sinclair D C, West A R 1994 J. Mater. Sci. 29 6061
[14] Xiang P H, Takeda H, Shiosaki T 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 064102
[15] Irvine J T S, Sinclair D C, West A R 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 132
[16] West A R, Sinclair D C, Hirose N 1997 J. Electroceram. 11 65
[17] Hari N S, Padmini P, Kutty T R N 1997 J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 8 15
[18] Yuan C L, Liu X Y, Zhou C R, Xu J W, Yang Y 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 048701
[19] Heywang W 1971 J. Mater. Sci. 6 1214
[20] Haywang W 1961 Solid State Electron. 3 51
[21] Zhang P L, Zhong W L, Liu S D 1987 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 15 136 (in Chinese) [张沛霖, 钟维烈, 刘斯栋 1987 硅酸盐学报 15 136]
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[1] Hayman P W, Dam R W 1955 German Patent 929350 [1955-06-23]
[2] Wang S H, Hwang F S, Tseng T Y 1990 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 2767
[3] Kuwabara M, Suemura S, Kawahara M 1985 Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 64 1394
[4] Smolensky G A, Isupov V A, Agranovskaya A I, Krainik N N 1961 Sov. Phys. Solid State 2 2651
[5] Huo W R, Qu Y F 2006 Sens. Actuators A 128 265
[6] Takeda H, Shimada T, Katsuyama Y, Shiosaki T 2009 J. Electroceram. 22 263
[7] Takeda H, Aoto W, Shiosaki T 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 102104
[8] Leng S L, Li G R, Zheng L Y, Shi W, Zhu Y 2013 J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 24 431
[9] Hirose N, West A R 1996 J. Am Ceram. Soc. 79 1633
[10] Sinclair D C, West A R 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 66 3850
[11] Yuan C L, Liu X Y, Huang J Y, Zhou C R, Xu J W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 025201 (in Chinese) [袁昌来, 刘心宇, 黄静月, 周昌荣, 许积文 2011 60 025201]
[12] Yuan C L, Liu X Y, Yang Yun, Xu J W, Gu Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7396 (in Chinese) [袁昌来, 刘心宇, 杨云, 许积文, 谷岩 2010 59 7396]
[13] Sinclair D C, West A R 1994 J. Mater. Sci. 29 6061
[14] Xiang P H, Takeda H, Shiosaki T 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 064102
[15] Irvine J T S, Sinclair D C, West A R 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 132
[16] West A R, Sinclair D C, Hirose N 1997 J. Electroceram. 11 65
[17] Hari N S, Padmini P, Kutty T R N 1997 J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 8 15
[18] Yuan C L, Liu X Y, Zhou C R, Xu J W, Yang Y 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 048701
[19] Heywang W 1971 J. Mater. Sci. 6 1214
[20] Haywang W 1961 Solid State Electron. 3 51
[21] Zhang P L, Zhong W L, Liu S D 1987 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 15 136 (in Chinese) [张沛霖, 钟维烈, 刘斯栋 1987 硅酸盐学报 15 136]
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