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Variation of graphene Raman G peak splitting due to uniaxial strain and absorption of polyaromatic moleculars on both sides are studied by fifth-nearest neighbor force-constant model. The calculation results show that symmetry lowering is responsible for the G peak splitting, where G peak splits into G+ and G- peaks by lifting the energy degeneracy of in-plane longitudinal and transverse optical phonons at Γ point. Under uniaxial strain, the elongation of C—C bonds reduces the force-constant and softens the in-plane optical phonons which induce red shifts of both G+ and G- peaks. The different strains produced by polyaromatic molecules along its long and short edges lead to red shift and blue shift of the two in-plane optical phonons relevant to G- and G+ peaks, which gives a plausible explanation to the different G peak splitting of the recent Raman experiment on graphene with uniaxial strain and graphene sandwiched by the polyaromatic molecules.
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Keywords:
- force-constant model /
- graphene /
- Raman G peak splitting
[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Crigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[2] Rev. B 76 035439
[3] Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183
[4] 79 205433
[5] Ni Z H, Yu T, Lu Y H, Wang Y Y, Feng Y P, Shen Z X 2008 ACS Nano 2 2301
[6] Wei Y, Tong G P 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1931(in Chinese)[韦 勇、 童国平 2009 58 1931]
[7] Gui G, Li J, Zhong J X 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 075435
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[10] Raza H, Kan C 2009 J. Phys: Condens. Matter 21 102202
[11] Sun J T, Du S X, Xiao W D, Hu H, Zhang Y Y, Li G, Gao H J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 3008
[12] Ferralis N, Maboudian R, Carraro C 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 156801
[13] Ferrari A C, Meyer J C, scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov K S, Roth S, Geim A K 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 187401
[14] Pisana S, Lazzeri M, Casiraghi C, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C, Mauri F 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 198
[15] Casiraghi C, Pisan S, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 233108
[16] Balandin A A, Ghosh S, Bao W, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, Lau C N 2008 Nano Lett. 8 902
[17] Mohiuddin T M, Lombardo A, Nair R R, Bonetti A, Savini G, Jali R, Bonini N, Basko D M, Galiotis C, Marzari N, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C 2009 Phys. Rev. B
[18] Dong X C, Shi Y M, Zhao Y, Chen D M, Ye J, Yao Y G, Gao F, Ni Z H, Yu T, Shen Z X, Huang Y X, Chen P, Li L J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 135501
[19] Saito R, Dresselhus G, Dresselhaus M S 1998 Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes(London: Imperial College Press)p178
[20] Mohr M, Maultzsch J, Dobard ic ' E, Reich S, Milo evic ' I, Damnjanovic ' M, Bosak A, Krisch M, Thomsen C 2008 Phys.
[21] Liang W, Xiao Y, Ting J W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3714 (in Chinese) [梁 维、 肖 扬、 丁建文 2007 57 3714]
[22] Michel K H, Verberck B 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 085424
[23] Bosak A, Krisch M, Mohr M, Maultzsch J, Thomse C 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 153408
[24] Piscanec S, Lazzeri M, Robertson J, Ferrari A C, Mauri F, 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 035427
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[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Crigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[2] Rev. B 76 035439
[3] Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183
[4] 79 205433
[5] Ni Z H, Yu T, Lu Y H, Wang Y Y, Feng Y P, Shen Z X 2008 ACS Nano 2 2301
[6] Wei Y, Tong G P 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1931(in Chinese)[韦 勇、 童国平 2009 58 1931]
[7] Gui G, Li J, Zhong J X 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 075435
[8] Farjam M, Rafii-Tabar H 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 167401
[9] Ribeiro R M, Pereira V M, Peres N M, Briddon P R, Neto A H C 2009 New J. Phys. 11 115002
[10] Raza H, Kan C 2009 J. Phys: Condens. Matter 21 102202
[11] Sun J T, Du S X, Xiao W D, Hu H, Zhang Y Y, Li G, Gao H J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 3008
[12] Ferralis N, Maboudian R, Carraro C 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 156801
[13] Ferrari A C, Meyer J C, scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov K S, Roth S, Geim A K 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 187401
[14] Pisana S, Lazzeri M, Casiraghi C, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C, Mauri F 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 198
[15] Casiraghi C, Pisan S, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 233108
[16] Balandin A A, Ghosh S, Bao W, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, Lau C N 2008 Nano Lett. 8 902
[17] Mohiuddin T M, Lombardo A, Nair R R, Bonetti A, Savini G, Jali R, Bonini N, Basko D M, Galiotis C, Marzari N, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C 2009 Phys. Rev. B
[18] Dong X C, Shi Y M, Zhao Y, Chen D M, Ye J, Yao Y G, Gao F, Ni Z H, Yu T, Shen Z X, Huang Y X, Chen P, Li L J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 135501
[19] Saito R, Dresselhus G, Dresselhaus M S 1998 Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes(London: Imperial College Press)p178
[20] Mohr M, Maultzsch J, Dobard ic ' E, Reich S, Milo evic ' I, Damnjanovic ' M, Bosak A, Krisch M, Thomsen C 2008 Phys.
[21] Liang W, Xiao Y, Ting J W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3714 (in Chinese) [梁 维、 肖 扬、 丁建文 2007 57 3714]
[22] Michel K H, Verberck B 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 085424
[23] Bosak A, Krisch M, Mohr M, Maultzsch J, Thomse C 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 153408
[24] Piscanec S, Lazzeri M, Robertson J, Ferrari A C, Mauri F, 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 035427
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