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In this paper, a compact broadband bandpass filter with wide out-of-band rejection characteristics based on halberd-shaped spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) is proposed. The filtering structure is achieved by etching a periodic halberd-shaped groove at the bottom of the substrate and a microstrip-to-slot line transition with a crescent-shaped patch at the top. Compared with the traditional dumbbell-shaped SSPP, the halberd-shaped SSPP has good slow-wave property, and the designed bandpass filter based on halberd-shaped SSPP can achieve a more compact size. The upper cutoff frequency and lower cutoff frequency of the passband can be adjusted by regulating the SSPP structure and the transition structure from microstrip-to-slot line, respectively. The simulation results show that the center frequency of broadband bandpass filter is 2.85 GHz, with the relative bandwidth of 130%, and the return loss in the passband is better than –10 dB, and the extreme strong out-of-band rejection of –40 dB from 5.6 GHz to 20.0 GHz. The size of the broadband bandpass filter is compact, only 1.08λg × 0.39λg, where λg is the wavelength at the center frequency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the wideband bandpass filter, the traditional printed circuit board technology is used to fabricate the wideband bandpass filter. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results, verifying the feasibility of the design. The proposed broadband bandpass filter shows promising prospects for developing SSPP functional devices and circuits at microwave frequencies.
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Keywords:
- spoof surface plasmon polariton /
- broadband bandpass filter /
- microstrip-to-slotline transition structure
[1] Noura A, Benaissa M, Abri M, Badaoui H, Vuong T H, Tao J 2019 Microw. Opt. Techn. Lett. 61 1473
Google Scholar
[2] Shen G X, Che W Q, Feng W J, Shi Y R, Shen Y M, Xu F 2021 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II 68 1778
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[3] 兰峰, 高喜, 亓丽梅 2014 63 104209
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Lan F, Gao X, Qi L M 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 104209
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[5] Liao Z, Zhao J, Pan B C, Shen X P, Cui T J 2014 J. Phys. D 47 315103
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[9] Sun S P, Cheng Y Z, Luo H, Chen F, Li X C 2023 Plasmonics 18 165
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[13] Wang J, Zhao L, Hao Z C 2019 IEEE Access 7 35089
Google Scholar
[14] Guan D F, You P, Zhang Q F, Xiao K, Yong S W 2017 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 65 4925
Google Scholar
[15] Moznebi A R, Afrooz K, Arsanjani A 2022 Int. J. Electron. Commun. 145 154084
Google Scholar
[16] Luo Y X, Yu J W, Cheng Y Z, Chen F, Luo H 2022 Appl. Phys. A 128 1
Google Scholar
[17] Guan D F, You P, Zhang Q F, Yang Z B, Liu H W, Yong S W 2018 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 66 2946
Google Scholar
[18] Sangam R S, Kshetrimayum R S 2021 IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 15 289
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[19] Liu H, Wang Z B, Zhang Q F, Ma H F, Ren B P, Wen P 2019 IEEE Access 7 44212
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[20] Guo Y J, Xu K D, Liu Y H, Tang X H 2018 IEEE Access 6 10249
Google Scholar
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图 1 (a)矩形SSPP单元; (b) I形SSPP单元; (c)戟形SSPP单元; (d)色散曲线的比较
Figure 1. (a) Rectangular-shaped SSPP unit cell; (b) I-shaped SSPP unit cell; (c) halberd-shaped SSPP unit cell; (d) comparison of dispersion curves.
图 2 宽带带通滤波器的示意图 (a)顶视图; (b)底视图
Figure 2. Schematic of broadband bandpass filter: (a) Top view; (b) bottom view.
图 3 (a)宽带带通滤波器的示意图(N = 1, 2, 3, 4); (b)不同SSPP单元数量下的宽带带通滤波器的S参数
Figure 3. (a) Schematic of broadband bandpass filter (N = 1, 2, 3, 4); (b) S-parameters of broadband bandpass filters with different SSPP element numbers.
图 4 模拟了(a) 0.5 GHz, (b) 3.0 GHz和(c) 7.0 GHz处的宽带带通滤波器z分量电场分布
Figure 4. Simulated z-component electric field distributions of the broadband bandpass filter at (a) 0.5 GHz, (b) 3.0 GHz, and (c) 7.0 GHz.
图 5 (a)宽带带通滤波器的等效LC电路; (b)电磁仿真和等效LC电路S参数的对比曲线
Figure 5. (a) Equivalent LC circuit of broadband bandpass filter; (b) comparison of electromagnetic simulation and equivalent LC circuit S-parameters.
图 6 (a)不同戟形槽深度下戟形SSPP的色散曲线; (b)不同戟形槽深度下宽带带通滤波器的透射系数(S21)
Figure 6. (a) Dispersion curves of halberd-shaped SSPP at different depth of halberd grooves; (b) transmission coefficient (S21) of broadband bandpass filter at different depth of halberd grooves.
图 7 (a)不同开槽线宽度下戟形SSPP的色散曲线; (b)不同开槽线宽度下宽带带通滤波器的透射系数(S21)
Figure 7. (a) Dispersion curves of halberd-shaped SSPP at different slotline widths; (b) transmission coefficients (S21) of broadband bandpass filters at different slotline widths.
图 8 模拟了不同月牙槽rd下宽带带通滤波器的透射系数(S21)
Figure 8. Transmission coefficient (S21) of broadband bandpass filter under different crescent rd.
图 9 (a), (b)制备的宽带带通滤波器的正面和背面视图; (c)模拟和实测的S参数的对比曲线
Figure 9. (a), (b) Top view and bottom view of the broadband bandpass filter; (c) comparison of simulated and measured S-parameters.
图 10 模拟了不同介质基板下宽带带通滤波器的S参数(S21和S11).
Figure 10. Simulated S-parameters (S21 and S11) of wideband bandpass filters on different dielectric substrates
表 1 与参考文献中带通滤波器的性能对比(FBW, 分数带宽)
Table 1. Comparison of our proposed bandpass filters with bandpass filters in references (FBW, fractional bandwidth).
参考文献 频率范围 FBW/% 带外抑制 尺寸(λg×λg) [8] 7.3—11.2 42.2 –40 dB@11.8—19.8 GHz 2.85×0.67 [15] 1.18—6.18 135.8 –31 dB@6.9—18.0 GHz 1.83×0.46 [17] 8—16 67.0 –7 dB@16.2—17.0 GHz 2.64×0.29 [18] 8.0—13.5 51.0 –40 dB@14.0—19.5 GHz 1.87×0.63 [19] 2.1—8.0 16.8 –30 dB@8.9—20.0 GHz 1.47×0.42 [20] 1.1—7.3 147.6 –30 dB@7.5—20.0 GHz 2.95×0.89 本文 1.0—4.7 130.0 –40 dB@5.6—20.0 GHz 1.08×0.39 
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[1] Noura A, Benaissa M, Abri M, Badaoui H, Vuong T H, Tao J 2019 Microw. Opt. Techn. Lett. 61 1473
Google Scholar
[2] Shen G X, Che W Q, Feng W J, Shi Y R, Shen Y M, Xu F 2021 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II 68 1778
Google Scholar
[3] 兰峰, 高喜, 亓丽梅 2014 63 104209
Google Scholar
Lan F, Gao X, Qi L M 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 104209
Google Scholar
[4] Pendry J B, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J 2004 Science 305 847
Google Scholar
[5] Liao Z, Zhao J, Pan B C, Shen X P, Cui T J 2014 J. Phys. D 47 315103
Google Scholar
[6] 罗宇轩, 程用志, 陈浮, 罗辉, 李享成 2023 72 044101
Google Scholar
Luo Y X, Cheng Y Z, Chen F, Luo H, Li X C 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 044101
Google Scholar
[7] 盛世威, 李康, 孔繁敏, 岳庆炀, 庄华伟, 赵佳 2015 64 108402
Google Scholar
Sheng S W, Li K, Kong F M, Yue Q Y, Zhuang H W, Zhao J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 108402
Google Scholar
[8] Chen P, Li L P, Yang K, Chen Q 2018 IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 28 984
Google Scholar
[9] Sun S P, Cheng Y Z, Luo H, Chen F, Li X C 2023 Plasmonics 18 165
[10] Wang J, Zhao L, Hao Z C, Shen X, Cui T J 2019 Opt. Lett 44 3374
Google Scholar
[11] Kianinejad A, Chen Z N, Qiu C W 2015 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 63 1817
Google Scholar
[12] Yin J Y, Ren J, Zhang Q, Zhang H C, Liu Y Q, Li Y B, Cui T J 2016 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 64 5181
Google Scholar
[13] Wang J, Zhao L, Hao Z C 2019 IEEE Access 7 35089
Google Scholar
[14] Guan D F, You P, Zhang Q F, Xiao K, Yong S W 2017 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 65 4925
Google Scholar
[15] Moznebi A R, Afrooz K, Arsanjani A 2022 Int. J. Electron. Commun. 145 154084
Google Scholar
[16] Luo Y X, Yu J W, Cheng Y Z, Chen F, Luo H 2022 Appl. Phys. A 128 1
Google Scholar
[17] Guan D F, You P, Zhang Q F, Yang Z B, Liu H W, Yong S W 2018 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 66 2946
Google Scholar
[18] Sangam R S, Kshetrimayum R S 2021 IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 15 289
Google Scholar
[19] Liu H, Wang Z B, Zhang Q F, Ma H F, Ren B P, Wen P 2019 IEEE Access 7 44212
Google Scholar
[20] Guo Y J, Xu K D, Liu Y H, Tang X H 2018 IEEE Access 6 10249
Google Scholar
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