Crystallization kinetics of Ti-doped Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets

Deng Chen-Hua; Yu Zhong-Hai; Wang Yu-Tao; Kong Sen; Zhou Chao; Yang Sen

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20221479

Abstract

Nanocomposite magnet consisting of a fine mixture of magnetically hard and soft phase has received much attention for potential permanent magnet development. One of the important requirements for alloys to exhibit excellent magnetic properties is a nanocrystalline grain size. The soft and hard magnetic phases can simultaneously achieve ideal nanoscale composites. The effect of Ti additions in the amorphous crystallization process of the exchange-coupled nanocomposite Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe magnet prepared by melt spinning is investigated. The results show that Ti can change the crystallization kinetics of the NdFeB melt-spun ribbons. The Ti can increase the activation energy of α-Fe and contrarily reduce the activation energy of a metastable 1∶7 phase, so the growth speed of α-Fe decreases and the metastable 1∶7 phase can stably precipitate from the amorphous phase. When the annealing temperature increases, a metastable 1∶7 phase is decomposed into the α-Fe phase and the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase. The microstructure observation shows that the grains of the alloys doped with Ti are fine and uniform, with an average grain size of about 20 nm, and no particularly large α-Fe particles appear. The optimal magnetic property is (BH)_max = 12 MG·Oe (1 G = 10^–4 T, 1 Oe = 79.57795 A/m) when Ti addition is 1.0%.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
2.
School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Yang Sen, yangsen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3803003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52002266, 91963111), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M673384).

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References

[1]	Zeng H, Li J, Liu J P, Wang Z L, Sun S 2002 Nature 420 395 Google Scholar
[2]	Liu Z, He J, Ramanujan R V 2021 Mater. Des. 209 110004 Google Scholar
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图 1 Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆ (a), (b) 和 Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆ (c), (d)合金快淬带的DSC分析曲线以及结晶过程中–ln(R/T²)与1/T的关系曲线

Figure 1. The DSC results and –ln(R/T²) as a function of 1/T in the crystallization of Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆ (a), (b) and Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆ (c), (d) ribbons at different heating rates.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆和(b) Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆快淬合金带的TMA曲线; (c) Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆和(d) Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆快淬合金带在不同温度3 min晶化处理后的XRD曲线

Figure 2. TMA results of the ribbons of (a) Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆, (b) Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆; XRD patterns of (c) Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆ (d) Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆ ribbons annealed at different temperature for 3 min.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆合金快淬带650 ℃晶化10 min后局部TEM图谱; Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆合金快淬带在不同温度下晶化3 min后的TEM图谱 (b) 快淬; (c) 600 ℃; (d) 650 ℃; (e) 700 ℃. 插图为对应的高分辨电子衍射谱

Figure 3. TEM micrographs of (a) Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆ ribbons annealed at 650 ℃ for 10 min, and Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆ ribbons annealed at different temperature for 3 min: (b) as-spun; (c) 600 ℃; (d) 650 ℃; (e) 700 ℃. The insets are the corresponding electron diffraction patterns.

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图 4 Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆快淬合金带650 ℃晶化60 min后的形貌像(a)和晶格像(b)

Figure 4. TEM micrographs (a) and electron diffraction patterns (b) of Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆ ribbons annealed at 650 ℃ for 60 min.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 650 ℃下退火10 min的Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆和Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆快淬合金带的磁滞回线 (a)和 ΔM曲线 (b)

Figure 5. Hysteresis loops (a) and ΔM (b) as a function of applied field of Nd₈Fe₈₆B₆ and Nd₈Fe₈₅Ti₁B₆ ribbons annealed at 650 ℃ for 10 min.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	Zeng H, Li J, Liu J P, Wang Z L, Sun S 2002 Nature 420 395 Google Scholar
[2]	Liu Z, He J, Ramanujan R V 2021 Mater. Des. 209 110004 Google Scholar
[3]	Quesada A, Granados-Miralles C, López-Ortega A, Erokhin S, Lottini E, Pedrosa J, Bollero A, Aragón A M, Rubio-Marcos F, Stingaciu M, Bertoni G, Fernández C de J, Sangregorio C, Fernández J F, Berkov D, Christensen M 2016 Adv. Electron. Mater. 2 1500365 Google Scholar
[4]	庞利佳, 孙光飞, 陈菊芳, 强文江, 张锦标, 黎文安 2006 55 3049 Google Scholar Pang L J, Sun G F, Chen J F, Qiang W J, Zhang J B, Li W A 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3049 Google Scholar
[5]	Hernando A, Gonzalez J M 2000 Hyperfine Interact. 130 221 Google Scholar
[6]	夏静, 张溪超, 赵国平 2013 62 227502 Google Scholar Xia J, Zhang X C, Zhao G P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 227502 Google Scholar
[7]	Yang C J, Park E B 1997 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 168 278 Google Scholar
[8]	Mohseni F, Pullar R C, Vieira J M, Amaral J S 2020 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 53 494003 Google Scholar
[9]	Kuma J, Kitajima N, Kanai Y, Fukunaga H 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 6623
[10]	Attyabi S N, Radmanesh S M A, Seyyed Ebrahimi S A, Dehghan H 2022 J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 35 1229 Google Scholar
[11]	Skomski R, Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812 Google Scholar
[12]	Bauer J, Seager M, Zerm A, Kronmüller H 1996 J. Appl. Phys. 80 1667 Google Scholar
[13]	Deng W K, Wei B N, Shan W K, Hua Y X, Li X, Guo D F 2021 Physica B 620 413263 Google Scholar
[14]	Ma Y, Yin X, Shao B, Yang Q, Shen Q, Zhou X, Sun J, Guo D, Li K 2019 J. Mater. Sci. 54 2658 Google Scholar
[15]	Yang S, Song X P, Li S, Liu X, Tian Z, Gu B, Du Y 2003 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 263 134
[16]	Ngo H M, Lee G, Haider S K, Pal U, Hawari T, Kim K M, Kim J, Kwon H, Kang Y S 2021 RSC Adv. 11 32376 Google Scholar
[17]	Kim C, Ding S L, O Y J, Zha L, Yun C, Yang W Y, Han J Z, Liu S Q, Du H L, Wang C S, Yang J B 2021 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 54 245003 Google Scholar
[18]	何学敏, 钟伟, 都有为 2018 67 227501 Google Scholar He X M, Zhong W, Du Y W 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 227501 Google Scholar
[19]	Semaida A M, Bordyuzhin I G, El-Dek S I, Kutzhanov M K, Menushenkov V P, Savchenko A G 2021 Mater. Res. Express 8 076101 Google Scholar
[20]	Wang Y, Song W, Huang G 2022 J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 35 1261 Google Scholar
[21]	Pan M, Li Z, Wu Q, Ge H, Xu H 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 471 457 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang S Y, Xu H, Ni J S, Wang H L, Hou X L, Dong Y D 2007 Physica B 393 153 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhang W, Zhang S, Yan A, Zhang H, Shen B 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 225 389 Google Scholar
[24]	Yang S, Song X, Gu B, Du Y 2005 J. Alloys Compd. 394 1 Google Scholar
[25]	Hono K, Ping D H, Ohnuma M, Onodera H 1999 Acta Mater. 47 997 Google Scholar
[26]	Ping D H, Hono K, Kanekiyo H, Hirosawa S 1999 Acta Mater. 47 4641 Google Scholar
[27]	Yang S, Song X, Du Y 2003 Microelectron. Eng. 66 121 Google Scholar
[28]	Kelly P E, O’Grady K, Chantrell R W 1989 IEEE Trans. Magn. 25 3881 Google Scholar
[29]	Wohlfarth E P 1958 J. Appl. Phys. 29 595

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Vol. 72, Issue 2 - 2023-01-20

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Crystallization kinetics of Ti-doped Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets

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Corresponding author: Yang Sen, yangsen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

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Crystallization kinetics of Ti-doped Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets

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Corresponding author: Yang Sen, yangsen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

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Crystallization kinetics of Ti-doped Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets