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Single-frequency pulsed fiber lasers have aroused intense interest due to their excellent performances in terms of good coherence, compact structure and good beam quality, which have been widely used in different areas, such as coherent LIDAR, nonlinear frequency conversion, and remote sensing. In this paper, a linearly polarized single-frequency pulsed fiber laser is reported. The narrow linewidth all-fiber oscillator is built by using an all-polarization-maintaining ring cavity structure. A section of unpumped polarization-maintaining ytterbium doped fiber is fused in the cavity as a saturated absorber to produce ultra-narrow bandwidth dynamic grating, which can be used for longitudinal mode selection. Thus, the laser can realize single-frequency operation. A 976-nm semiconductor laser is used as a pump source to generate a hybrid pump laser, which contains both pulsed component and continuous component. As a result, a long-pulse laser is achieved with a repetition rate of 10–90 kHz and a pulse duration of 1–8 μs. At the same time, the effects of pump power and repetition rate on the time domain, the frequency domain and the power characteristics of the output laser are investigated. It is found that there is an optical bistability in the frequency domain characteristic of the output laser within a certain power range. And the influence of the laser power characteristic on the longitudinal mode selection mechanism of dynamic grating is analyzed. Finally, through parameter optimization, single-frequency pulsed fiber laser is achieved with a center wavelength of 1064 nm, a linewidth of about 23.5 MHz, a repetition rate of 10–90 kHz, a pulse duration of 4–8 μs, and a polarization extinction ratio of about 29 dB.
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Keywords:
- fiber laser /
- gain-switched /
- pulsed laser /
- single-frequency laser
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Google Scholar
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图 1 增益开关单频脉冲光纤激光器结构示意图
Figure 1. Experiment setup of the gain-switched single-frequency pulsed fiber laser.
图 2 脉冲时域特性随抽运激光特性的变化情况 (a) 抽运平均功率53 mW、抽运脉宽3 μs; (b) 抽运平均功率137 mW、抽运脉宽3 μs; (c) 抽运平均功率154 mW、抽运脉宽3 μs; (d) 抽运平均功率137 mW、抽运脉宽5 μs
Figure 2. Pulse time domain characteristics with different pump characteristics, the average pump power and pump pulse duration are: (a) 53 mW, 3 μs; (b) 137 mW, 3 μs; (c) 154 mW, 3 μs; (d) 137 mW, 5 μs.
图 3 脉冲时域特性随抽运激光重频的变化情况 (a) 脉冲序列; (b) 脉冲波形
Figure 3. Pulse time domain characteristics with different pump repetition rate: (a) Pulse trains; (b) pulse waveform.
图 4 激光器的典型频域特性 (a) 不熔接PM-YDF2时的纵模特性; (b) 熔接1 m长PM-YDF2时的纵模特性; (c) 单纵模线宽; (d) 光谱特性
Figure 4. Typical frequency domain characteristics of laser: (a) longitudinal mode characteristic without PM-YDF2; (b) longitudinal mode characteristic with 1-m-long PM-YDF2; (c) linewidth of single-longitudinal-mode; (d) optical spectrum characteristic.
图 5 激光器纵模特性随抽运功率的演化过程
Figure 5. Evolution of laser longitudinal mode characteristic with pump power.
图 6 典型抽运功率下的(a)脉冲波形与(b)纵模特性
Figure 6. (a) Pulse waveform and (b) longitudinal mode characteristic with typical pump power.
图 7 抽运重频分别为 (a) 20 kHz, (b) 40 kHz, (c) 60 kHz时激光器输出功率随抽运功率的变化
Figure 7. Output power of the laser versus pump power with pump repetition rates of (a) 20 kHz, (b) 40 kHz, (c) 60 kHz, respectively
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[1] Mo C, Chenyu W, Jianfei W, Hong L, Zhou M 2017 Optics Express 25 19216
Google Scholar
[2] Wan Y, Wen J, Jiang C, Tang F, Wen J, Huang S, Pang F, Wang T 2021 Photon. Res. 9 649
Google Scholar
[3] Guan X, Yang C, Tian Q, Wei L, Zhao Q, Tang G, Qian G, Qian Q, Yang Z, Xu S 2018 Optics Express 26 6817
Google Scholar
[4] Wang K, Wen Z, Chen H, Lu B, Bai J 2021 Optics Lett. 46 404
Google Scholar
[5] Shi W, Leigh M, Zong J, Jiang S 2007 Optics Lett. 32 949
Google Scholar
[6] Liu Y, Liu J, Chen W 2011 Chin. Optics Lett. 9 18
Google Scholar
[7] Shi W, Petersen E, Moor N, Chavez-Pirson A, Peyghambarian N 2011 Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments V 2011
[8] Su R, Zhou P, Xiao H, Wang X, Xu X 2012 Appl. Optics 51 3655
Google Scholar
[9] He J, Lin D, Xu L, Beresna M, Zervas M N, Alam S-u, Brambilla G 2018 Optics Express 26 6554
Google Scholar
[10] Lee W, Geng J, Jiang S, Yu A W 2018 Optics Lett. 43 2264
Google Scholar
[11] Shi C, Tian H, Sheng Q, Shi W, Fang Q, Sun S, Zhang J, Deng X, Yao J 2021 Results in Phys. 28 104594
Google Scholar
[12] Shi W, Petersen E B, Moor N, Chavez-Pirson A, Peyghambarian N 2011 CLEO: 2011-Laser Applications to Photonic Applications Baltimore, Maryland, May 1, 2011 pCThDD6
[13] Zhang Y, Wang S, Lin W, Mo S, Zhao Q, Yang C, Feng Z, Deng H, Peng M, Yang Z, Xu S 2017 Appl. Phys. Express 10 052502
Google Scholar
[14] Li W, Zou J, Huang Y, Wang K, Du T, Jiang S, Luo Z 2018 Photon. Res. 6 35
Google Scholar
[15] Zhao Q, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Lin W, Li C, Guan X, Tan T, Yang C, Cheng H, Gan J, Feng Z, Peng M, Yang Z, Xu S 2018 Optics Express 26 17000
Google Scholar
[16] Zhou R, Shi W, Petersen E, Chavez-Pirson A, Stephen M, Peyghambarian N 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 2589
Google Scholar
[17] Li W, Liu H, Zhang J, Long H, Feng S, Mao Q 2016 Applied Optics 55 4584
Google Scholar
[18] Zhang Y, Yang C, Li C, Feng Z, Xu S, Deng H, Yang Z 2016 Optics Express 24 3162
Google Scholar
[19] Li W, Liu H, Zhang J, Yao B, Feng S, Wei L, Mao Q 2017 IEEE Photon. J. 9 1
Google Scholar
[20] Wang W, Qi H, Song Z, Guo J, Ni J, Wang C, Peng G 2020 Opt. Commun. 467 125747
Google Scholar
[21] Geng J, Wang Q, Luo T, Case B, Jiang S, Amzajerdian F, Yu J 2012 Optics Lett. 37 3795
Google Scholar
[22] Hou Y, Zhang Q, Qi S, Feng X, Wang P 2016 Optics Express 24 28761
Google Scholar
[23] Poozesh R, Madanipour K, Parvin P 2019 Optics Lett. 44 122
Google Scholar
[24] Fang S, Zhang Z, Yang C, Lin W, Cen X, Zhao Q, Feng Z, Yang Z, Xu S 2022 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 34 255
Google Scholar
[25] Fei W, Deyuan S, Hao C, Dianyuan F, Qisheng L 2011 Optical Rev. 18 360
Google Scholar
[26] 栾昆鹏, 沈炎龙, 陶蒙蒙, 朱峰, 黄超, 谌鸿伟, 易爱平 2019 光学学报 39 9
Google Scholar
Luan K P, Shen Y L, Tao M M, Zhu F, Huang C, Chen H W, Yi A P 2019 Acta Optica Sin. 39 9
Google Scholar
[27] Larsen C, Hansen K P, Mattsson K E, Bang O 2014 Optics Express 22 1490
Google Scholar
[28] Li Y, Huang L, Gao L, Lan T, Cao Y, Ikechukwu I P, Shi L, Liu Y, Li F, Zhu T 2018 Optics Express 26 26896
Google Scholar
[29] 白燕, 延凤平, 冯亭, 韩文国, 张鲁娜, 程丹, 白卓娅, 温晓东 2019 中国激光 46 64
Google Scholar
Bai Y, Yan F P, Feng T, Han W G, Zhang L N, Cheng D, Bai Z Y, Wen X D 2019 Chin. J. Lasers 46 64
Google Scholar
[30] Zhang J, Sheng Q, Zhang L, Shi C, Sun S, Bai X, Shi W, Yao J 2021 Optics Express 29 21409
Google Scholar
[31] Stepanov S, Fotiadi A A, Mégret P 2007 Optics Express 15 8832
Google Scholar
[32] Pal D, Paul A, Chowdhury S D, Pal M, Sen R, Pal A 2018 Appl. Optics 57 3546
Google Scholar
[33] Yin T, Song Y, Jiang X, Chen F, He S 2019 Optics Express 27 15794
Google Scholar
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