Uniform and constant long-time wireless power transmission of multi-targets in local space based on time reversal

Zhang Zhi-Yuan; Li Bing; Liu Shi-Qi; Zhang Hong-Lin; Hu Bin-Jie; Zhao De-Shuang; Wang Chu-Nan

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211231

Abstract

The precise, uniform and constant wireless transmission of electromagnetic power to multiple targets in a local finite space is a scientific problem to be solved urgently. Aiming at this problem, in this paper we propose an automatic zone selection channel matching method based on time reversal technique which has the spatiotemporal focusing characteristics. The proposed method can not only adaptively compensate for the channel differences at different targets based on the contribution rate of the multipath signals, but also dynamically divide the working range of the time reversal mirror elements to eliminate the mutual influences between different targets through the use of the distance coefficient. While improving the accuracy of energy focusing, the proposed method also solves the problem that non-uniform microwave power transmission (MPT) of multiple targets, and therefore achieving the constant, uniform and long-time MPT of multi-targets.

Keywords:

time reversal mirror /
automatic zone selection channel matching /
microwave power transmission /
uniform power transmission

PACS:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
3.
College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
4.
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
5.
School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Corresponding author: Li Bing, bllijess@outlook.com

Funds: Project supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, China (Grant No. K202235), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61871193), the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2018B030311049), and the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 19YYJC0025)

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References

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[2]	Zeng Y, Clerckx B, Zhang R 2017 IEEE Trans. Commun. 65 2264 Google Scholar
[3]	倪旺, 丁飞, 宗军, 纪伟伟, 刘兴江 2019 电源技术 43 357 Google Scholar Ni W, Ding F, Zong J, Ji W W, Liu X J 2019 Chin. J. Power Sources 43 357 Google Scholar
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[18]	Ibrahim R, Voyer D, Bréard A, Huillery J, Vollaire C, Allard B, Zaatar Y 2016 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 64 2159 Google Scholar
[19]	Lee S, Zhang R 2017 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65 1685 Google Scholar
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[22]	Lee S, Zeng Y, Zhang R 2018 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 7 54 Google Scholar
[23]	Bellizzi G G, Crocco L, Iero D A M, Isernia T 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications Athens, Greece, March 1−3, 2017 p162
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[25]	郭飞 2018 硕士学位论文 (成都: 电子科技大学) Guo F 2018 M. S. Thesis (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology) (in Chinese)
[26]	Bellizzi G G, Bevacqua M T, Crocco L, Isernia T 2018 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66 4380 Google Scholar
[27]	Bao J L, Zhao D S, Cao W P, Li B, Wang B Z 2019 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Guangzhou, China, May 19−22, 2019, p1
[28]	Li B, Liu S Q, Zhang H L, Hu B J, Zhao D S, Huang Y K 2019 IEEE Access 7 114897 Google Scholar
[29]	Ku M L, Han Y, Lai H Q, Chen Y, Liu K J R 2016 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 64 5819 Google Scholar
[30]	Kim J H, Lim Y J, Nam S W 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 5750 Google Scholar
[31]	李冰 2016 博士学位论文 (广州: 华南理工大学) Li B 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Guangzhou: South China University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[32]	院琳, 杨雪松, 王秉中 2019 68 170503 Google Scholar Yuan L, Yang X S, Wang B Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 170503 Google Scholar
[33]	Carminati R, Pierrat R, Rosny J D, Fink M 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 3107 Google Scholar
[34]	丁帅, 王秉中, 葛广顶, 王多, 赵德双 2011 60 104101 Google Scholar Ding S, Wang B Z, Ge G D, Wang D, Zhao D S 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104101 Google Scholar
[35]	Fusco V F 2006 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 54 1352 Google Scholar

图 1 自动区域选择信道匹配方法的逻辑流程图

Figure 1. Logic chart of automatic zone selection channel matching method.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 MPT模型的相关参数　(a) 两个及 (b) 三个待输能目标的布置示意图; (c) 天线单元结构; (d) 激励信号

Figure 2. Relevant parameters of the MPT model: Schematic diagrams of (a) two and (b) three MPT targets; (c) antenna element structure; (d) excitation signal.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 基于TR技术的长时MPT场强分布　(a) x-y平面的场强分布; (b) x方向场强分布

Figure 3. Long-time MPT field strength distribution based on TR technique: (a) Field strength distribution diagram in the x-y plane; (b) x-direction field strength distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 基于自动区域选择信道匹配方法的长时MPT场强分布　(a) x-y平面的场强分布; (b) x方向场强分布

Figure 5. Long-time MPT field strength distribution based on automatic zone selection channel matching method: (a) Field strength distribution diagram in the x-y plane; (b) x-direction field strength distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 基于信道补偿方法的长时MPT场强分布　(a) x-y平面的场强分布; (b) x方向场强分布

Figure 4. Long-time MPT field strength distribution based on channel compensation method: (a) Field strength distribution diagram in the x-y plane; (b) x-direction field strength distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 基于TR技术的长时MPT场强分布　(a) x-y平面的场强分布; (b) 立体场强分布

Figure 6. Long-time MPT field strength distribution based on TR technique: (a) Field strength distribution diagram in the x-y plane; (b) three-dimensional field strength distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 基于信道补偿方法的长时MPT场强分布　(a) x-y平面的场强分布; (b) 立体场强分布

Figure 7. Long-time MPT field strength distribution based on channel compensation method: (a) Field strength distribution diagram in the x-y plane; (b) three-dimensional field strength distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 基于自动区域选择信道匹配方法的长时MPT场强分布　(a) x-y平面的场强分布; (b) 立体场强分布

Figure 8. Long-time MPT field strength distribution based on automatic zone selection channel matching method: (a) Field strength distribution diagram in the x-y plane; (b) three-dimensional field strength distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 不同方法在输能时长内各参数均值

Table 1. Average value of each parameter under MPT of different methods.

	直接发射	TR	信道补偿	自动区域选择信道匹配
最大场强差值/(V·m^–1)	无聚焦	4.278	0.470	0.139
最大场强偏差率	无聚焦	7.46%	1.02%	0.34%
功率差值/mW	无聚焦	2.7	0.225	0.1
功率偏差率	无聚焦	15.92%	2.08%	1.21%
平均输能效率	0.120‰	0.509‰	0.310‰	0.326‰
面积差值/mm²	无聚焦	227	48.333	102.667
最大主副瓣比/dB	无聚焦	2.666	3.499	4.703

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 不同方法在输能时长内各参数均值

Table 2. Average value of each parameter under MPT of different methods.

	直接发射	TR	信道补偿	自动区域选择信道匹配
平均最大场强差值/(V·m^–1)	无聚焦	3.268	4.655	0.510
平均最大场强偏差率	无聚焦	6.34%	10.18%	1.14%
平均功率差值/mW	无聚焦	1.573	2.251	0.330
平均功率偏差率	无聚焦	11.19%	18.73%	3.18%
平均输能效率	0.139‰	0.412‰	0.365‰	0.664‰
平均面积差值/mm²	无聚焦	74.667	97.556	43.556
最大主副瓣比/dB	无聚焦	4.016	3.679	3.406

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Zhu X R, Jin K, Hui Q 2021 IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Power Electron. 9 1147 Google Scholar
[2]	Zeng Y, Clerckx B, Zhang R 2017 IEEE Trans. Commun. 65 2264 Google Scholar
[3]	倪旺, 丁飞, 宗军, 纪伟伟, 刘兴江 2019 电源技术 43 357 Google Scholar Ni W, Ding F, Zong J, Ji W W, Liu X J 2019 Chin. J. Power Sources 43 357 Google Scholar
[4]	殷正刚, 史黎明, 范满义 2021 电工技术学报 36 1 Google Scholar Yin Z G, Shi L M, Fan M Y 2021 Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 36 1 Google Scholar
[5]	Pries J, Galigekere V P N, Onar O C, Su G J 2020 IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35 4500 Google Scholar
[6]	王龙飞 2019 电力电子技术 53 23 Wang L F 2019 Power Electron. 53 23
[7]	Lee J, Lee K 2020 IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 35 6697 Google Scholar
[8]	宋建军, 张龙强, 陈雷, 周亮, 孙雷, 兰军峰, 习楚浩, 李家豪 2021 70 108401 Google Scholar Song J J, Zhang L Q, Chen L, Zhou L, Sun L, Lan J F, Xi C H, Li J H 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 108401 Google Scholar
[9]	Joseph S D, Huang Y, Hsu S S H, Alieldin A, Song C Y 2021 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 69 482 Google Scholar
[10]	黎深根, 陈仲林, 宋磊, 张琳, 李天明, 冯进军, 周碎明 2019 微波学报 35 56 Google Scholar Li S G, Chen Z L, Song L, Zhang L, Li T M, Feng J J, Zhou S M 2019 J. Microw. 35 56 Google Scholar
[11]	Fink M 1992 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 39 555 Google Scholar
[12]	Lerosey G, Rosny J D, Tourin A, Derode A, Montaldo G, Fink M 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 193904 Google Scholar
[13]	Kaina N, Dupré M, Lerosey G, Fink M 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6693 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhao D S, Zhu M 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15 1739 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhao D S, Guo F 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, USA, July 9−14, 2017 p231
[16]	Guo S, Zhao D S, Wang B Z, Cao W P 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 68 8249 Google Scholar
[17]	周洪澄, 王秉中, 丁帅, 欧海燕 2013 62 114101 Google Scholar Zhou H C, Wang B Z, Ding S, Ou H Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 114101 Google Scholar
[18]	Ibrahim R, Voyer D, Bréard A, Huillery J, Vollaire C, Allard B, Zaatar Y 2016 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 64 2159 Google Scholar
[19]	Lee S, Zhang R 2017 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65 1685 Google Scholar
[20]	Chettri L, Bera R 2020 IEEE Internet Things J. 7 16 Google Scholar
[21]	Ayir N, Riihonen T, Allen M, Fierro M F T 2021 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 69 1917 Google Scholar
[22]	Lee S, Zeng Y, Zhang R 2018 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 7 54 Google Scholar
[23]	Bellizzi G G, Crocco L, Iero D A M, Isernia T 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications Athens, Greece, March 1−3, 2017 p162
[24]	Bellizzi G G, Crocco L, Iero D A M, Isernia T 2018 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 17 360 Google Scholar
[25]	郭飞 2018 硕士学位论文 (成都: 电子科技大学) Guo F 2018 M. S. Thesis (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology) (in Chinese)
[26]	Bellizzi G G, Bevacqua M T, Crocco L, Isernia T 2018 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66 4380 Google Scholar
[27]	Bao J L, Zhao D S, Cao W P, Li B, Wang B Z 2019 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Guangzhou, China, May 19−22, 2019, p1
[28]	Li B, Liu S Q, Zhang H L, Hu B J, Zhao D S, Huang Y K 2019 IEEE Access 7 114897 Google Scholar
[29]	Ku M L, Han Y, Lai H Q, Chen Y, Liu K J R 2016 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 64 5819 Google Scholar
[30]	Kim J H, Lim Y J, Nam S W 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 5750 Google Scholar
[31]	李冰 2016 博士学位论文 (广州: 华南理工大学) Li B 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Guangzhou: South China University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[32]	院琳, 杨雪松, 王秉中 2019 68 170503 Google Scholar Yuan L, Yang X S, Wang B Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 170503 Google Scholar
[33]	Carminati R, Pierrat R, Rosny J D, Fink M 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 3107 Google Scholar
[34]	丁帅, 王秉中, 葛广顶, 王多, 赵德双 2011 60 104101 Google Scholar Ding S, Wang B Z, Ge G D, Wang D, Zhao D S 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104101 Google Scholar
[35]	Fusco V F 2006 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 54 1352 Google Scholar

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