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The CO2, CH4 and other greenhouse gases are measured by using a home-made Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at the Longfengshan atmospheric background station. Compared with the measurement results of the instrument from the background station which meets the standards of the World Meteorological Organization, the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error of the CO2 concentration value are 0.9576 and 18.6015, so the measurement results from the home-made instrument are reliable. In the home-made instrument the calibration spectrum of standard temperature and the calibration spectrum of stand pressure are used to invert the concentration. With the temperature changing, the temperature of the measured gas will vary, thus resulting in error. The research of environmental variable factors can improve the accuracy of concentration inversion. For example, compared with CO2 absorption spectrum under 296 K, the CO2 absorption spectrum under 297 K will have 1.8% spectrum deviation and its inversion concentration error is 0.41%. This is the main cause of inversion concentration error. Based on the above analysis, the absorption cross section is calculated by using the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database parameters. Combining with the instrument line shape, the calibration spectra at different temperatures and pressures can be obtained. The calibration spectra at different temperatures and pressures are used to calibrate the concentration inversion. After calibration, compared with the measurement results of the background station instrument, the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error of the CO2 concentration value are 0.9637 and 6.7803. The correlation coefficient of CO2 concentration value measured by self-developed instrument is improved and root mean square error is reduced. The result shows that the calibration algorithm enhances the accuracy of the measurement results to a certain extent. The above results illustrate the reliability of the home-made FTIR instrument and this experiment provides important data, which lay the foundation forstudying the home-made Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Of course, improvement can be made in the following areas. Other minor factors may affect the effect of the inversion algorithm. The concentration inversion will have subtle differences at different bands of calibration spectra. So in order to improve the measurement accuracy, we need to choice more reasonable band inversion and more precise parameters from the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database.
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Keywords:
- FTIR /
- greenhouse gases /
- temperature /
- pressure
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图 1 干涉仪
Figure 1. Interferometer.
图 2 (a)仪器主机在线测量状态; (b)仪器外界进气口
Figure 2. (a) Online measurement status of instrument host; (b) external air inlet of the instrument.
图 3 (a) CO2在2290—2380 cm–1的光谱线强度Sij; (b) CO2在2290—2380 cm–1的吸收系数kij; (c) CO2仿真吸光度谱Aij
Figure 3. (a) the spectral line intensity Sij at 2290–2380 cm–1 of CO2; (b) absorption coefficient kij at 2290–2380 cm–1 of CO2; (c) simulated absorbance spectrum Aij of CO2.
图 4 (a) CO2在2290—2380 cm–1的仿真吸光度谱Aij; (b) 297—306 K下仿真吸光度谱相比于296 K仿真吸收光谱在拟合波段的残差
Figure 4. (a) The simulated absorbance spectrum Aij under 286–306 K of CO2; (b) the residual of the simulated absorbance spectrum at 297–306 K compared to the simulated absorption spectrum at 296 K in the fitted band.
图 5 (a)光谱数据(1000—3500 cm–1); (b)光谱数据的一致性
Figure 5. (a) Spectral data; (b) consistency of spectral data.
图 6 (a) CO2浓度趋势对比; (b) CO2浓度值线性拟合; (c)校准后CO2浓度趋势对比; (d)校准后CO2浓度值线性拟合
Figure 6. (a) CO2 concentration trend comparison; (b) CO2 concentration value linear fitting; (c) CO2 concentration trend comparison after calibration; (d) linear fitting of CO2 concentration value after calibration.
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[1] Keeling C D, Whorf T P, Wahlen M, Van der Plichtt J 1995 Nature 375 666
Google Scholar
[2] Hodgkinson J, Smith R, Ho W O, Saffell J R, Tatam R P 2013 Sens. Actuators, B 186 580
Google Scholar
[3] Chen H, Winderlich J, Gerbig C, Hoefer A, Rella C W, Crosson E R, Van Pelt A D, Steinbach J, Kolle O, Beck V, Daube B C, Gottlieb E W, Chow V Y, Santoni G W, Wofsy S C 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 375
Google Scholar
[4] 程巳阳, 徐亮, 高闽光, 金岭, 李胜, 冯书香, 刘建国, 刘文清 2013 62 124206
Google Scholar
Cheng S Y, Xu L, Cao M G, Jin L, Li S, Feng S X, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 124206
Google Scholar
[5] Zhang C, Liu C, Hu Q, Cai Z, Su W, Xia C, Zhu Y, Wang S, Liu J 2019 Light- Sci. Appl. 8 1
Google Scholar
[6] Zhang C, Liu C, Chan K L, Hu Q, Liu H, Li B, Xing C, Tan W, Zhou H, Si F 2020 Light-Sci. Appl. 9 1
Google Scholar
[7] Lamouroux J, Régalia L, Thomas X, Vander Auwera J, Gamache R, Hartmann J M 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 151 88
Google Scholar
[8] Griffith D W 1996 Appl. Spectrosc. 50 59
Google Scholar
[9] Esler M B, Griffith D W, Wilson S R, Steele L P 2000 Anal. Chem. 72 206
Google Scholar
[10] Hammer S, Griffith D W T, Konrad G, Vardagl S, Caldow C, Levin I 2013 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 6 1153
Google Scholar
[11] Griffith D W T, Deutscher N M, Caldow C, Kettlewell G, Riggenbach M, Hammer S 2012 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5 2481
Google Scholar
[12] Griffiths P R, De Haseth J A 2007 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (Vol. 171) (New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc) pp19−21
[13] Arnold J O, Whiting E E, Lyle G C 1969 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 9 775
Google Scholar
[14] Heinz D C 2001 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron. 39 529
Google Scholar
[15] 冯明春, 徐亮, 刘文清, 刘建国, 高闽光, 魏秀丽 2016 65 014210
Google Scholar
Feng M C, Xu L, Liu W Q, Liu J G, Gao M G, Wei X L 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 014210
Google Scholar
[16] 焦洋, 徐亮, 高闽光, 金岭, 童晶晶, 李胜, 魏秀丽 2013 62 140705
Google Scholar
Jiao Y, Xu L, Gao M G, Jin L, Tong J J, Li S, Wei X L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin 62 140705
Google Scholar
[17] Gordon I E, Rothman L S, Hill C, Kochanov R V, Tan Y, Bernath P F, Birk M, Boudon V, Campargue A, Chance K 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 203 3
Google Scholar
[18] Hill C, Gordon I E, Kochanov R V, Barrett L, Wilzewski J S, Rothman L S 2016 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 177 4
Google Scholar
[19] Bernardo C, Griffith D W T 2005 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 95 141
Google Scholar
[20] Kochanov R V, Gordon I, Rothman L, Wcisło P, Hill C, Wilzewski J 2016 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 177 15
Google Scholar
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