Dual non-fullerene acceptors based high efficiency ternary organic solar cells

Zhou Peng-Chao; Zhang Wei-Dong; Gu Jia-Lu; Chen Hui-Min; Hu Teng-Da; Pu Hua-Yan; Lan Wei-Xia; Wei Bin

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200624

Abstract

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been considered as one of the preliminary candidates for the third-generation solar cells due to their particularly advantages, such as light-weight, low cost, solution processability and mechanical flexibility. In recent years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPVs has achieved remarkable progress with the development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), which exhibit stronger capability of light absorption and stability than the fullerene acceptors. However, the narrow absorption properties of organic materials still restrict the further breakthrough of the performance of OPVs. It is difficult for the binary heterojunction films to realize the effective wide spectrum utilization of solar energy. Ternary strategy, which consists of one donor and two acceptors or two donors and one acceptor in a bulk-heterojunction, has proven to be an effective and facile way to enhance performances of OPVs. The emergence of new NFAs such as ITIC, IT-4F, Y6 etc. greatly increases the selectivity of acceptors in a ternary system. It is necessary to investigate the compatibility of latest NFA materials and corresponding ternary device performance. In this article, we report a new ternary OPV system with dual NFAs and a polymer donor. The excellent NFA material (Y6), which was first reported in 2019, is used as the third component. Different concentrations of Y6 are introduced into the binary system based on PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F. The compatibility between materials and device performances are investigated through absorption capability of blend films, AFM, water contact angle, GISAXS, and corresponding electrical properties of devices. The 12.48% PCE is achieved from ternary OPVs with PBDB-T:IT-4F as the active layers containing 20wt% Y6 in acceptors, resulting from the enhanced J_sc of 22.09 mA/cm², V_oc of 0.83 V and FF of 68.45%. The origin of the improvement of the ternary OPVs is summarized below. Firstly, an apparently complementary absorption spectrum is obtained through the introduction of Y6, which has a stronger photo harvesting capability in the spectral range from 750 to 950 nm than IT-4F, and higher short current density (J_sc) is observed in the ternary devices than in the binary device. Secondly, a rougher surface of the active layer is observed by increasing the Y6 concentration, which may result in an inferior exciton dissociation and charge transport process, the existence of larger-scaled crystal is proved by the GISAXS technology. Thirdly, the introduced Y6 can help to suppress the bimolecular recombination, which is in favor of the incremental device performance. Approximately 17.85% PCE improvement is obtained in comparison with PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F based binary OPVs.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Lan Wei-Xia, weixia_lan@shu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91748116) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62005152)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a) PBDB-T-2F、IT-4F、Y6薄膜吸收谱及不同Y6质量占比下PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F:Y6 (xwt%) 三元体系薄膜的(b)吸收光谱图和(c)光致发光光谱

Figure 1. (a) Absorption spectra of PBDB-T-2F, IT-4Fand Y6. (b) Absorption spectra and (c) photoluminance spectra of blended films with different concentrations of Y6.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 活性层AFM图像, 其中Y6质量占比分别为　(a) 0, (b) 10%, (c) 20%和(d) 30%

Figure 2. AFM images measured for active layer with different concentrations of Y6 (a) 0%, (b) 10%, (c) 20%, and (d) 30%.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 各组分薄膜水和乙二醇液滴接触角及对应表面自由能大小,　(a) PM6, (b) Y6, (c) IT-4F

Figure 3. Contact angles and corresponding surface free energies of (a) PM6, (b) Y6, (c) IT-4F.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 活性层薄膜水接触角测试, 其中Y6质量占比分别　(a) 0, (b) 10%, (c) 20%和(d) 30%

Figure 4. Water contact angle photographs measured for active layer with different concentrations of Y6 (a) 0%, (b) 10%, (c) 20%, and (d) 30%.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a)器件结构图; (b) OPVs器件内每一层独立能级图

Figure 5. (a) Schematic illustration of the device configuration, (b) energy diagram of individual layer in OPVs.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 OPVs器件的J-V曲线图

Figure 6. J-V curves of OPVs devices.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 各器件对应EQE曲线

Figure 7. EQE curves of OPVs device.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 各器件对应　(a)光生电流密度与有效电压以及(b)对应的激子解离率与有效电压曲线(T = 300 K)

Figure 8. (a) The photcurrent density (J_ph) versus the effective voltage (V_eff) and corresponding (b) exciton dissociation probility (P(E, T)) versus V_eff of OPVs devices (T = 300 K).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 器件A—D对应的　(a) J_sc随入射光强的变化曲线, (b) V_oc随入射光强的变化曲线

Figure 9. (a) J_sc and (b) V_oc as function of incident light intensity for the devices A, B, C, and D.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 (a)−(d)掺入不同质量占比的Y6后三元混合薄膜二维GISAXS图像和(e)相应的面内方向的一维曲线

Figure 10. (a)−(d) GISAXS images of blended ternary films with different concentration of Y6, and (e) corresponding in-plane profile.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 各OPVs器件性能表

Table 1. Photovoltaic parameters of different devices.

Device V_oc/V J_sc/(mA·cm^–2) FF/% PCE/%

Device A 0.82 20.49 65.22 10.59
Device B 0.82 20.76 65.21 11.05
Device C 0.83 22.09 68.45 12.48
Device D 0.82 21.63 66.43 11.82

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Xie J, Wang X, Wang S, Ling Z, Lian H, Liu N, Liao Y, Yang X, Qu W, Peng Y, Lan W, Wei B 2019 Org. Electron. 75 105381 Google Scholar
[2]	Sekine C, Tsubata Y, Yamada T, Kitano M, Doi S 2014 Sci. Tech. adv. Mat. 15 1468 Google Scholar
[3]	Xu X P, Zhang G J, Li Y, Peng Q 2019 Chin. Chem. Lett. 30 809 Google Scholar
[4]	黄林泉, 周玲玉, 于为, 杨栋, 张坚, 李灿 2015 64 26 Google Scholar Huang L Q, Zhou L Y, Yu W, Yang D, Zhang J, Li C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 26 Google Scholar
[5]	Garcia A, Welch G C, Ratcliff E L, Ginley D S, Bazan G C, Olson D C 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 5368 Google Scholar
[6]	Carle J E, Krebs F C 2013 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 119 309 Google Scholar
[7]	Fu H T, Wang Z H, Sun Y M 2019 Angew. Chem. Int. EDIT 58 4442 Google Scholar
[8]	Zhao W, Qian D, Zhang S, Li S, Inganas O, Gao F, Hou J 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 4734 Google Scholar
[9]	Liang Q, Han J, Song C, Yu X, Smilgies D-M, Zhao K, Liu J, Han Y 2018 J. Mater. Chem. A 6 15610 Google Scholar
[10]	Fan Q P, Su W Y, Wang Y, Guo B, Jiang Y F, Guo X, Liu F, Russell T P, Zhang M J, Li Y F 2018 Sci. China. Chem. 61 531 Google Scholar
[11]	Zheng Z, Hu Q, Zhang S, Zhang D, Wang J, Xie S, Wang R, Qin Y, Li W, Hong L, Liang N, Liu F, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Tang Z, Russell T P, Hou J, Zhou H 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1801801 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhao W C, Li S S, Yao H F, Zhang S Q, Zhang Y, Yang B, Hou J H 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 7148 Google Scholar
[13]	Yuan J, Zhang Y Q, Zhou L Y, Zhang G C, Yip H L, Lau T K, Lu X H, Zhu C, Peng H J, Johnson P A, Leclerc M, Cao Y, Ulanski J, Li Y F, Zou Y P 2019 Joule 3 1140 Google Scholar
[14]	王文静, 李冲, 张毛毛, 高琨 2019 68 238 Google Scholar Wang W J, Li C, Zhang M M, Gao K 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 238 Google Scholar
[15]	Lin Y B, Adilbekova B, Firdaus Y, Yengel E, Faber H, Sajjad M, Zheng X P, Yarali E, Seitkhan A, Bakr O M, El-Labban A, Schwingenschlogl U, Tung V, McCulloch I, Laquai F, Anthopoulos T D 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1902965 Google Scholar
[16]	Yan T T, Song W, Huang J M, Peng R X, Huang L K, Ge Z Y 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1902210 Google Scholar
[17]	Ratcliff E L, Zacher B, Armstrong N R 2011 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2 1337 Google Scholar
[18]	Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhao M, Zhou Y, Zhao B, Miao Y, Liu P, Hao Y, Wang H, Xu B, Wu Y, Yin S 2019 2D Mater. 6 045017 Google Scholar
[19]	Wang Z, Zhang R, Zhao M, Wang Z, Wei B, Zhang X, Feng S, Cao H, Liu P, Hao Y, Wang H, Xu B, Pennycook S J, Guo J 2018 J. Mater. Chem. A 6 23773 Google Scholar
[20]	金士琪, 徐征, 赵谡玲, 赵蛟, 李杨, 邓丽娟 2016 65 028801 Google Scholar Jin S Q, Xu Z, Zhao S L, Zhao J, Li Y, Deng L J 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 028801 Google Scholar
[21]	许中华, 陈卫兵, 叶玮琼, 杨伟丰 2014 63 218801 Google Scholar Xu Z H, Chen W B, Ye W Q, Yang W F 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 218801 Google Scholar
[22]	Xu L X, Li C, Hao X T, Gao K 2019 Phys. Lett. A 383 126001 Google Scholar
[23]	Xu X P, Bi Z Z, Ma W, Wang Z S, Choy W C H, Wu W L, Zhang G J, Li Y, Peng Q 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1704271 Google Scholar
[24]	Jiang W G, Yu R N, Liu Z Y, Peng R X, Mi D B, Hong L, Wei Q, Hou J H, Kuang Y B, Ge Z Y 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1703005 Google Scholar
[25]	Lv R Z, Chen D, Liao X F, Chen L, Chen Y W 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1805872 Google Scholar
[26]	An Q S, Ma X L, Gao J H, Zhang F J 2019 Sci. Bull. 64 504 Google Scholar
[27]	Chen M, Liu D, Li W, Gurney R S, Li D, Cai J, Spooner E L K, Kilbride R C, McGettrick J D, Watson T M, Li Z, Jones R A L, Lidzey D G, Wang T 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 26194 Google Scholar
[28]	Street R A, Davies D, Khlyabich P P, Burkhart B, Thompson B C 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 986 Google Scholar
[29]	Bi P, Xiao T, Yang X, Niu M, Wen Z, Zhang K, Qin W, So S K, Lu G, Hao X, Liu H 2018 Nano Energy 46 81 Google Scholar

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