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Organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have attracted considerable attention because of their advantages of light-weight, low-cost, large-scale manufacturing process and mechanical flexibility. Unfortunately, in order to achieve efficient carrier extraction, the photoactive layer in OPVs must be rather thin (100 nm or less) due to its extremely low carrier mobilities for most of organic/polymer materials (on the order of 10-4 cm2/(V·s)). Such thin photoactive layers lead to a significant loss of incident sunlight, thereby improving a final low light absorption efficiency and power conversion efficiency (PCE). To promote the light absorption and thus enhance PCE of OPVs, Au tetrahedron nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized in this work and then they are wrapped with poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to form core-shell structure tetrahedron NPs (Au@PSS tetrahedron NPs). They are further incorporated into the interface of hole extraction layer and light photoactive layer to improve PCE of OPVs by enhancing their surface plasmon resonance effect-induced light absorption. The influences of doping concentration and PSS shell thickness of theses Au tetrahedron NPs on device performances are explored. The results indicate that the best performing PCE occurs at 6% concentration of Au@PSS tetrahedron NPs, reaching 3.08%, while it is further improved to 3.65% with an optimized PSS shell thickness of 2.5 nm, showing an enhancement factor of 22.9% compared with that of the control counterpart. The performance improvement of OPVs mainly originates from the promoted light absorption of donor due to the location of the resonant absorption peak of Au@PSS tetrahedron NPs in the absorption region of donor. Simultaneously, the introduction of the PSS shell promotes the dissociation of excitons and charge transfer. All of these contribute to the increasing of short-circuit current, fill factor and PCE of OPVs.
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Keywords:
- organic photovoltaic device /
- surface plasmon /
- Au tetrahedra
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[19] Peng L, Mei Y, Chen S F, Zhang Y P, Hao J Y, Deng L L, Huang W 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 115202
[20] Hao J Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y P, Chen S F, Li X G, Wang L H, Huang W 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 045201
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[22] Ng A, Yiu W K, Foo Y, Shen Q, Bejaoui A, Zhao Y, Gokkaya H C, Djurisšić A B, Zapien J A, Chan W K, Surya C 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 20676
[23] Zhang R, Zhou Y F, Peng L, Li X, Chen S F, Feng X M, Guan Y Q, Huang W 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 25036
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[1] Du P, Jing P T, Li D, Cao Y H, Liu Z Y, Sun Z C 2015 Small 11 2454
[2] Kakavelakis G, Vangelidis I, Heuer-Jungemann A, Kanaras G A, Lidorikis E, Stratakis E, Kymakis E 2016 Adv. Energy Mater. 6 1501640
[3] Lu L Y, Luo Z Q, Xu T, Yu L P 2013 Nano Lett. 13 59
[4] He Z, Zhong C M, Su S J, Xu M, Wu H B, Cao Y 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 593
[5] You J B, Dou L, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen C C, Gao J, Li G, Yang Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1446
[6] Sun Y, Welch G C, Leong W L, Takacs C J, Bazan G C, Heeger A J 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 44
[7] Cui Y, Yao H F, Yang C Y, Zhang S Q, Hou J H 2018 Acta Polym. Sin. 2 223
[8] Westphalen M, Kreibig U, Rostalski J, Lüth H, Meissner D 2000 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 61 97
[9] Rand B P, Peumans P, Forrest S R 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 7519
[10] Morfa A J, Rowlen K L, Reilly T H, Romero M J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 013504
[11] Yang X, Chueh C C, Li C Z, Yip H L, Yin P, Chen H Z, Chen W C, Jen A K Y 2013 Adv. Energy Mater. 3 666
[12] Wang C C D, Choy W C H, Duan C, Fung D D S, Sha W E I, Xie F X, Huang F, Cao Y 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 1206
[13] Xie F X, Choy W C H, Sha W E I, Zhang D, Zhang S Q, Li X C, Leung C W, Hou J H 2013 Energy Environ. Sci. 6 3372
[14] Wang L, Yao Y, Ma X Q, Huang C T, Liu Z W, Yu H T, Wang M H, Zhang Q, Li X, Chen S F, Huang W 2018 Org. Electron. 61 96
[15] Hao H, Wang L, Ma Xiao Q, Cao K, Yu H T, Wang M H, Gu W W, Zhu R, Anwar M S, Chen S F, Huang W 2018 Solar RRL 2 1800061
[16] Peng L, Zhang R, Chen S F, Zhang Q, Deng L L, Feng X M, Huang W 2016 RSC Adv. 6 90944
[17] Wu J L, Chen F C, Hsiao Y S, Chien F C, Chen P, Kuo C H, Huang M H, Hsu C S 2011 ACS Nano 5 959
[18] Chen S F, Cheng F, Mei Y, Peng B, Kong M, Hao J Y, Zhang R, Xiong Q H, Wang L H, Huang W 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 213903
[19] Peng L, Mei Y, Chen S F, Zhang Y P, Hao J Y, Deng L L, Huang W 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 115202
[20] Hao J Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y P, Chen S F, Li X G, Wang L H, Huang W 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 045201
[21] Baek S W, Park G, Noh J, Cho C, Lee C H, Seo M K, Song H, Lee J Y 2014 ACS Nano 8 3302
[22] Ng A, Yiu W K, Foo Y, Shen Q, Bejaoui A, Zhao Y, Gokkaya H C, Djurisšić A B, Zapien J A, Chan W K, Surya C 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 20676
[23] Zhang R, Zhou Y F, Peng L, Li X, Chen S F, Feng X M, Guan Y Q, Huang W 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 25036
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