Inkjet printed perovskite solar cells: progress and prospects

Xia Jun-Min; Liang Chao; Xing Gui-Chuan

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190302

Abstract

In the field of photovoltaic materials, perovskite has attracted extensive attention during the past years, owing to its excellent photovoltaic properties, including high charge carrier mobility, low exciton binding energy, long charge carrier diffusion length, broad light absorption spectrum, large absorption coefficient, and low-cost solution processability. However, due to the limitations of film preparation methods (typical spin coating), industrial large-scale production of perovskite solar cells is still in infancy. The inkjet printing technology is a significant manufacturing technology developed from home and office printing and widely used in various printing electronics industries. Compared with other deposition methods, it possesses many advantages, including low cost, high material utilization, high patterning precision, etc. As a direct writing technology, the inkjet printing has shown great industrial potential and is expected to be employed in the industrialization of perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we review the research progress of perovskite solar cells fabricated via the inkjet printing and the application of inkjet printing technology to various functional layers (electrode, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, perovskite active layer). Finally, the challenges of inkjet printed perovskite solar cells at this stage are discussed, and the commercialization direction of inkjet printed perovskite solar cells is also pointed out.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China

Corresponding author: Xing Gui-Chuan, gcxing@umac.mo

Funds: Project supported by the Macau Science and Technology Development Funds, China (Grant Nos. FDCT-116/2016/A3, FDCT-091/2017/A2, FDCT-014/2017/AMJ), the Research Grants from University of Macau, China (Grant Nos. SRG2016-00087-FST, MYRG2018-00148-IAPME), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91733302, 61605073, 2015CB932200), and the Young 1000 Talents Global Recruitment Program of China.

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a)钙钛矿晶体结构; (b) PeSCs器件结构, n-i-p (左)和p-i-n (右).

Figure 1. (a) Structure of perovskite crystal; (b) device structure of PeSCs, n-i-p (left) and p-i-n (right).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 IJP示意图　(a) CIJP; (b) DODIJP^[28]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of IJP: (a) CIJP; (b) DODIJP^[28].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 IJP法制备钙钛矿薄膜　(a) RIJP^[43]; (b)一步IJP法^[45]; (c)两步IJP法与旋涂法制备薄膜的对比^[46]; (d) IJP三阳离子PeSCs的断面扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)图^[47]; (e)结合LDS层的PeSCs器件结构^[48]; (f)在室灯下掺杂浓度分别为5 wt% (左)和0.5 wt% (右)的IJP LDS层照片^[48]; (g) NiO_x作为HTLs的器件结构^[49]; (h)使用不同方法(旋涂和IJP)在NiO_x上沉积钙钛矿层的电池性能比较^[49]; (i)紫外照射下器件降解情况^[49]

Figure 3. Inkjet printed perovskite thin films: (a) Schematic diagram of RIJP^[43]; (b) fabrication process of one-step inkjet printing^[45]; (c) comparison of thin films on mesoporous TiO₂ layer using inkjet printing and spin-coating^[46]; (d) cross-sectional SEM images of inkjet-printed triple cation perovskite solar cells^[47]; (e) device structure of LDS based perovskite solar cells^[48]; (f) photograph of inkjet-printed LDS layers with a doping concentration of 5 wt% (left) and 0.5 wt% (right) under room light^[49]; (g) structure of the perovskite solar cells with the NiO_x as the HTLs^[49]; (h) performance comparison of inkjet-printed and spin-coated perovskite solar cells with the NiO_x as the HTLs^[49]; (i) device degradation under intense UV radiation^[49].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 IJP法制备载流子传输层和电极　(a) IJP AgNW沉积于PVSK/PC₆₁BM/PEI表面SEM照片^[50]; (b)采用旋涂法和IJP法制备的介孔TiO₂器件的伏安特性曲线^[51]; (c) IJP TiO₂及钙钛矿层的器件伏安特性曲线^[51].

Figure 4. Inkjet printed carrier transport layer and electrode: (a) SEM image of printed AgNW electrode on PVSK/PC₆₁BM/PEI surface^[50]; (b) voltage-current characteristic curves of solar cells with spin-coated and inkjet-printed mesoporous TiO₂^[51]; (c) voltage-current characteristic curve of the solar cell with inkjet prited TiO₂ and perovskite layers^[51].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 基于IJP技术制备的PeSCs的性能与结构

Table 1. Summary of structure and performance of inkjet printed PeSCs.

IJP层	器件结构	面积/cm²	性能				参考文献
IJP层	器件结构	面积/cm²	V_oc/V	J_sc/mA·cm^–2	FF/%	PCE/%	参考文献
Top electrode and active layer	Glass/FTO/TiO₂/MAPbI₃(IJP)/C(IJP)	0.15	0.95	17.20	71.0	11.60	[38]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/com-TiO₂/meso-TiO₂/MAPbI₃(IJP)/spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.04	0.91	19.55	69.0	12.30	[39]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/com-TiO₂/meso-TiO₂/ZrO₂/Perovskite (IJP)/C	0.16	0.84	15.30	65.7	8.47	[40]
Active layer	Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PbI₂-(2MA:1FA)I(IJP)/PCBM/Al	—	0.87	18.77	68.0	11.10	[42]
Active layer	Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Pb(OAc)₂-CH₃NH₃I(IJP)/PCBM/Al	—	0.50	4.28	44.4	0.94	[43]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/com-TiO₂/MAPbI₃(IJP)/spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.09	1.00	18.40	56	11.30	[44]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/TiO₂/C₆₀/MAPbI₃(IJP)/spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.04 4	1.08 1.04	22.71 20.40	69.58 62.57	17.04 13.27	[45]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/PbI₂(IJP) + MAI(Vapor)/Au	0.04	1.06	22.51	75.1	18.64	[46]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/PbI₂(IJP) + MAI(Vapor)/Au	2.02	1.06	21.88	76.5	17.74	[46]
Active layer	Glass/FTO/TiO₂/Cs_0.1(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.9Pb(Br_0.17I_0.83)₃(IJP)/spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.09	1.06	21.5	67	12.9	[47]
Active layer	LDS(IJP)/Glass/FTO/TiO₂/Cs_0.1(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.9Pb(Br_0.17I_0.83)₃(IJP)/spiro-MeOTAD/Au	0.09	1.06	21.5	67	9.4	[48]
Active layer	glass/ITO/NiO_x/Cs_x(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_1–xPb (Br_0.15I_0.85)₃(IJP)/C₆₀/BCP/Au	0.105	1.09	22.7	79.0	19.5	[49]
Top electrode	ITO/PEDOT: PSS/CH₃NH₃PbCl_xI_3–x/ PC₆₁BM/PEI/AgNW(IJP)	0.09	1.04	18.17	75	14.17	[50]
ETLs and active layer	Glass/FTO/com-TiO₂/meso-TiO₂(IJP)/perovskite (IJP)/spiro-MeOTAD/Au	< 1	1.05	22.65	76.3	18.29	[51]
ETLs, active layer and HTLs	ITO/WO_x(IJP)/CH₃NH₃PbI_3–xCl_x(IJP)/ spiro-MeOTAD(IJP)/Au	—	0.744	22.1	65	10.7	[52]

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[1]	Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 6050 Google Scholar
[2]	Chilvery A K, Batra A K, Yang B, Xiao K, Guggilla P, Aggarwal M D, Surabhi R, Lal R B, Currie J R, Penn B G 2015 J. Photon. Energy 5 57402 Google Scholar
[3]	Eperon G E, Stranks S D, Menelaou C, Johnston M B, Herz L M, Snaith H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 982 Google Scholar
[4]	Noh J H, Im S H, Heo J H, Mandal T N, Seok S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1764 Google Scholar
[5]	Xing G C, Mathews N, Sun S Y, Lim S S, Lam Y M, Gratzel M, Mhaisalkar S, Sum T C 2013 Science 342 344 Google Scholar
[6]	Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, Hong K H 2014 Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 1312 Google Scholar
[7]	Peng X J, Yuan J, Shen S, Gao M, Chesman A S R, Yin H, Cheng J S, Zhang Q, Angmo D 2017 Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 1703704 Google Scholar
[8]	Im J H, Lee C R, Lee J W, Park S W, Park N G 2011 Nanoscale 3 4088 Google Scholar
[9]	Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, Lee K B, Moehl T, Marchioro A, Moon S J, Baker R H, Yum J H, Moser J E, Grätzel M, Park N G 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 591 Google Scholar
[10]	Lee M M, Teuscher J, Miyasaka T, Murakami T N, Snaith H J 2012 Science 338 643 Google Scholar
[11]	Heo J H, Im S H, Noh J H, Mandal T N, Lim C S, Chang J A, Lee Y H, Kim H J, Sarkar A, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Seok S I 2013 Nature Photon. 7 486 Google Scholar
[12]	Liu M, Johnston M B, Snaith H J 2013 Nature 501 395 Google Scholar
[13]	Nie W, Tsai H, Asadpour R, Neukirch A J, Gupta G, Crochet J J, Chhowalla M, Tretiak S, Alam M, Wang H, Blancon J C, Neukirch A J, Gupta G, Crochet J J, Chhowalla M, Tretiak S, Alam M, Wang H, Mohite A D, 2015 Science 347 522 Google Scholar
[14]	Jiang Q, Chu Z, Wang P, Yang X, Liu H, Wang Y, Yin Z, Wu J, Zhang X, You J 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1703852 Google Scholar
[15]	Yang W S, Park B W, Jung E H, Jeon N J, Kim Y C, Lee D U, Shin S S, Seo J, Kim E K, Noh J H 2017 Science 356 1376 Google Scholar
[16]	NREL 2019 Best Research-Cell Efficiencies https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html [2019-03-04]
[17]	Liang C, Zhao D, Li Y, Li X, Peng S, Shao G, Xing G 2018 Energy Environ. Mater. 1 221 Google Scholar
[18]	Liu T, Chen K, Hu Q, Zhu R, Gong Q 2016 Adv. Energy Mater. 1600457
[19]	Niu G, Guo X, Wang L 2015 J. Mater. Chem. A 3 8970 Google Scholar
[20]	Wu Y, Islam A, Yang X, Qin C, Liu J, Zhang K, Peng W, Han L 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2934 Google Scholar
[21]	Liu T, Zhou Y, Hu Q, Chen K, Zhang Y, Yang W, Wu J, Ye F, Luo D, Zhu K, Padture N P, Liu F, Russell T, Zhu R, Gong Q 2017 Sci. China: Mater. 60 608 Google Scholar
[22]	Liu J, Wu Y, Qin C, Yang X, Yasuda T, Islam A, Zhang K, Peng W, Chen W, Han L 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2963 Google Scholar
[23]	Gao P, Graetzel M, Nazeeruddin M K 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2448 Google Scholar
[24]	Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S J, Humphry-Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2013 Nature 499 316 Google Scholar
[25]	Chen Q, Zhou H P, Hong Z R, Luo S, Duan H S, Wang H H, Liu Y S, Li G, Yang Y 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 622 Google Scholar
[26]	Singh M, Haverinen H M, Dhagat P, Jabbour G E 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 673 Google Scholar
[27]	Roldán-Carmona C, Malinkiewicz O, Soriano A, Espallargas G M, Garcia A, Reinecke P, Kroyer T, Dar M I, Nazeeruddin M K, Bolink H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 994 Google Scholar
[28]	Basaran O A, Gao H, Bhat P P 2013 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 45 85 Google Scholar
[29]	Derby B 2010 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 40 395 Google Scholar
[30]	Clay K, Gardner I, Bresler E, Seal M, Speakman S 2002 Circuit World 28 24 Google Scholar
[31]	van den Berg A M, de Laat A W, Smith P J, Perelaer J, Schubert U S 2007 J. Mater. Chem. 17 677 Google Scholar
[32]	Tian D L, Song Y L, Jiang L 2013 Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 5184 Google Scholar
[33]	Yin Z, Huang Y, Bu N, Wang X, Xiong Y 2010 Sci. Bull. 55 3383 Google Scholar
[34]	Cao X, Wu F, Lau C, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhou C 2017 ACS Nano 11 2008 Google Scholar
[35]	Kuang M X, Wang L B, Song Y L 2014 Adv. Mat. 26 6950 Google Scholar
[36]	Calvert P 2001 Chem. Mater. 13 3299 Google Scholar
[37]	Hwang K, Jung Y S, Heo Y J, Scholes F H, Watkins S E, Subbiah J, Jones D J, Kim D Y, Vak D 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 1241 Google Scholar
[38]	Wei Z H, Chen H N, Yan K Y, Yang S L 2014 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53 13239 Google Scholar
[39]	Li S G, Jiang K J, Su M J, Cui X P, Huang J H, Zhang Q Q, Zhou X Q, Yang L M, Song Y L 2015 J. Mater. Chem. A 3 9092 Google Scholar
[40]	Hashmi S G, Martineau D, Li X, Ozkan M, Tiihonen A, Dar M I, Sarikka T, Zakeeruddin S M, Paltakari J, Lund P D 2017 Adv. Mater. Technol. 2 1600183 Google Scholar
[41]	Hashmi S G, Tiihonen A, Martineau D, Ozkan M, Vivo P, Kaunisto K, Ulla V, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 4797 Google Scholar
[42]	Bag M, Jiang Z, Renna L A, Jeong S P, Rotello V M, Venkataraman D 2016 Mater. Lett. 164 472 Google Scholar
[43]	Jiang Z, Bag M, Renna L, Jeong S P, Rotello V, Venkataraman D 2016 HAL 01386295
[44]	Mathies F, Abzieher T, Hochstuhl A, Glaser K, Colsmann A, Paetzold U W, Hernandez-Sosa G, Lemmer U, Quintilla A 2016 J. Mater. Chem. A 4 19207 Google Scholar
[45]	Liang C, Li P, Gu H, Zhang Y, Li F, Song Y, Shao G, Mathews N, Xing G 2018 Solar RRL 2 1700217
[46]	Li P, Liang C, Bao B, Li Y, Hu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Shao G, Song Y 2018 Nano Energy 46 203 Google Scholar
[47]	Mathies F, Eggers H, Richards B S, Hernandez-Sosa G, Lemmer U, Paetzold U W 2018 ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1 1834 Google Scholar
[48]	Schlisske S, Mathies F, Busko D, Strobel N, Rödlmeier T, Richards B S, Lemmer U, Paetzold U W, Hernandez-Sosa G, Klampaftis E 2019 ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2 764
[49]	Abzieher T, Moghadamzadeh S, Schackmar F, Eggers H, Sutterlüti F, Farooq A, Kojda D, Habicht K, Schmager R, Mertens A, Azmi R, Klohr L, Schwenzer J A, Hetterich M, Lemmer U, Richards B S, Powalla M, Paetzold U W 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1802995
[50]	Xie M, Lu H, Zhang L, Wang J, Luo Q, Lin J, Ba L, Liu H, Shen W, Shi L 2018 Solar RRL 2 1700184
[51]	Huckaba A J, Lee Y, Xia R, Paek S, Bassetto V C, Oveisi E, Lesch A, Kinge S, Dyson P J, Girault H 2019 Energy Technol. 7 317
[52]	Gheno A, Huang Y, Bouclé J, Ratier B, Rolland A, Even J, Vedraine S 2018 Solar RRL 2 1800191

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Vol. 68, Issue 15 - 2019-08-05

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