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In inertial confinement facilities, the irradiation uniformity of the lasers is highly required to suppress the laser plasma instabilities. In order to realize the ultrafast smoothing of the focal spot, a novel scheme by using an optical Kerr medium and a high-power pump laser is proposed. The principle of the ultrafast beam smoothing scheme is to change the refractive index of the Kerr medium with the pump laser, which appends a spatiotemporal wavefront to the main laser beam in the beamline. The dynamic wavefront modulation of the main laser beam further makes the speckles within the focal spot redistributed rapidly and complicatedly, which contributes to the smoothing of the focal spot. A Gaussian beam with a temporal profile of a Gaussian pulse train is obliquely incident on the optical Kerr medium at a small angle. As a result, the spherical wavefront of the main laser beam is rapidly changed in the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of the main laser beam. Thus the transverse and the radial redistribution of the speckles within the focal spot are both generated simultaneously. Comparing with the simple radial smoothing scheme, the spherical phase of the main laser beam always changes perpendicularly to the propagation direction in the novel scheme, and thus achieving a more stable beam smoothing effect. Besides, the phase gradient in the center region of the main laser beam changes greatly over time, making the irradiation uniformity on the focal plane further improved. The optimal deflection angle in the optical Kerr medium of the pump laser is obtained. By controlling the deflection angle of the pump laser, the spatial period of the pump laser in the transverse direction is set to be equal to the waist diameter of the main laser, which is identical with one color cycle in the typical smoothing by spectral dispersion technique. Moreover, a relatively low control precision of the deflection angle of the pump laser is required.
[1] Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[2] Meyerhofer D D, Delettrez J A, Epstein R, Glebov V Y, Goncharov V N, Keck R L, McCrory R L, McKenty P W, Marshall F J, Radha P B, Regan S P, Roberts S, Seka W, Skupsky S, Smalyuk V A, Sorce C, Stoeckl C, Soures J M, Town R P J, Yaakobi B, Zuegel J D 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 2251
[3] Wen S L, Yan H, Zhang Y H, Yang C L, Wang J, Shi Q K 2014 Acta Opt. Sin. 34 162 (in Chinese)[温圣林, 颜浩, 张远航, 杨春林, 王健, 石琦凯 2014 光学学报 34 162]
[4] Jiang X J, Zhou S L, Lin Z Q 2007 Chin. J. Laser 11 1533 (in Chinese)[江秀娟, 周申蕾, 林尊琪 2007 中国激光 11 1533]
[5] Li P, Wang W, Zhao R C, Geng Y C, Jia H T, Su J Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 215202 (in Chinese)[李平, 王伟, 赵润昌, 耿远超, 贾怀庭, 粟敬钦 2014 63 215202]
[6] Lehmberg R H, Schmitt A J, Bodner S E 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 62 2680
[7] Regan S P, Marozas J A, Craxton R S, Kelly J H, Donaldson W R, Jaanimagi P A, Jacobs-Perkins D, Keck R L, Kessler T J, Meyerhofer D D, Sangster T C, Seka W, Smalyuk V A, Skupsky S, Zuegel J D 2005 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22 998
[8] Berger R L, Lefebvre E, Langdon A B, Rothenberg J E, Still C H, Williams E A 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 1043
[9] Yahia V, Masson-Laborde P E, Depierreux S, Goyon C, Loisel G, Baccou C, BorisenkoN G, Orekhov A, Rienecker T, Rosmej O, Teychenné D, Labaune C 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 042707
[10] Couris S, Renard M, Faucher O, Lavorel B, Chaux R, Koudoumas E, Michaut X 2003 Chem. Phys. Lett. 369 318
[11] Zhong Z Q, Hou P C, Zhang B 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 5850
[12] Hou P C, Zhong Z Q, Zhang B 2016 Opt. Laser Technol. 85 48
[13] Haynam C A, Wegner P J, Auerbach J M, Bowers M W, Dixit S N, Erbert G V, Heestand G M, Henesian M A, Hermann M R, Jancaitis K S, Manes K R, Marshall C D, Mehta N C, Menapace J, Moses E, Murray J R, Nostrand M C, Orth C D, Patterson R, Sacks R A, Shaw M J, Spaeth M, Sutton S B, Williams W H, Widmayer C C, White R K, Yang S T, van Wonterghem B M 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 3276
[14] Zeng S G, Hu J, Wang F 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 156 (in Chinese)[曾曙光, 胡静, 王飞 2013 光学学报 33 156]
[15] Bowers M W, Burkhart S C, Cohen S J, Erbert G V, Heebner J E, Hermann M R, Jedlovec D 2007 Proc. SPIE 6451 Solid State Lasers XVI:Technology and Devices San Jose, CA, United States, January 20-25, 2007 p64511
[16] Henesian M A, Haney S W, Thomas M, Trenholme J B 1997 Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion:Second Annual International Conference Paris, France, October 22-25, 1996 p783
[17] Kedenburg S, Steinmann A, Hegenbarth R, Steinle T, Giessen H 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 117 803
[18] Li T F, Hou P C, Zhang B 2016 Acta Opt. Sin. 36 144 (in Chinese)[李腾飞, 侯鹏程, 张彬 2016 光学学报 36 144]
[19] Zhang R 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)[张锐 2013 博士学位论文 (合肥:中国科学技术大学)]
[20] Skupsky S, Short R W, Kessler T J, Craxton R S, Letzring S, Soures J M 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 66 3456
[21] Rothenberg J E 1997 JOSA B 14 1664
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[1] Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[2] Meyerhofer D D, Delettrez J A, Epstein R, Glebov V Y, Goncharov V N, Keck R L, McCrory R L, McKenty P W, Marshall F J, Radha P B, Regan S P, Roberts S, Seka W, Skupsky S, Smalyuk V A, Sorce C, Stoeckl C, Soures J M, Town R P J, Yaakobi B, Zuegel J D 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 2251
[3] Wen S L, Yan H, Zhang Y H, Yang C L, Wang J, Shi Q K 2014 Acta Opt. Sin. 34 162 (in Chinese)[温圣林, 颜浩, 张远航, 杨春林, 王健, 石琦凯 2014 光学学报 34 162]
[4] Jiang X J, Zhou S L, Lin Z Q 2007 Chin. J. Laser 11 1533 (in Chinese)[江秀娟, 周申蕾, 林尊琪 2007 中国激光 11 1533]
[5] Li P, Wang W, Zhao R C, Geng Y C, Jia H T, Su J Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 215202 (in Chinese)[李平, 王伟, 赵润昌, 耿远超, 贾怀庭, 粟敬钦 2014 63 215202]
[6] Lehmberg R H, Schmitt A J, Bodner S E 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 62 2680
[7] Regan S P, Marozas J A, Craxton R S, Kelly J H, Donaldson W R, Jaanimagi P A, Jacobs-Perkins D, Keck R L, Kessler T J, Meyerhofer D D, Sangster T C, Seka W, Smalyuk V A, Skupsky S, Zuegel J D 2005 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22 998
[8] Berger R L, Lefebvre E, Langdon A B, Rothenberg J E, Still C H, Williams E A 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 1043
[9] Yahia V, Masson-Laborde P E, Depierreux S, Goyon C, Loisel G, Baccou C, BorisenkoN G, Orekhov A, Rienecker T, Rosmej O, Teychenné D, Labaune C 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 042707
[10] Couris S, Renard M, Faucher O, Lavorel B, Chaux R, Koudoumas E, Michaut X 2003 Chem. Phys. Lett. 369 318
[11] Zhong Z Q, Hou P C, Zhang B 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 5850
[12] Hou P C, Zhong Z Q, Zhang B 2016 Opt. Laser Technol. 85 48
[13] Haynam C A, Wegner P J, Auerbach J M, Bowers M W, Dixit S N, Erbert G V, Heestand G M, Henesian M A, Hermann M R, Jancaitis K S, Manes K R, Marshall C D, Mehta N C, Menapace J, Moses E, Murray J R, Nostrand M C, Orth C D, Patterson R, Sacks R A, Shaw M J, Spaeth M, Sutton S B, Williams W H, Widmayer C C, White R K, Yang S T, van Wonterghem B M 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 3276
[14] Zeng S G, Hu J, Wang F 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 156 (in Chinese)[曾曙光, 胡静, 王飞 2013 光学学报 33 156]
[15] Bowers M W, Burkhart S C, Cohen S J, Erbert G V, Heebner J E, Hermann M R, Jedlovec D 2007 Proc. SPIE 6451 Solid State Lasers XVI:Technology and Devices San Jose, CA, United States, January 20-25, 2007 p64511
[16] Henesian M A, Haney S W, Thomas M, Trenholme J B 1997 Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion:Second Annual International Conference Paris, France, October 22-25, 1996 p783
[17] Kedenburg S, Steinmann A, Hegenbarth R, Steinle T, Giessen H 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 117 803
[18] Li T F, Hou P C, Zhang B 2016 Acta Opt. Sin. 36 144 (in Chinese)[李腾飞, 侯鹏程, 张彬 2016 光学学报 36 144]
[19] Zhang R 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)[张锐 2013 博士学位论文 (合肥:中国科学技术大学)]
[20] Skupsky S, Short R W, Kessler T J, Craxton R S, Letzring S, Soures J M 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 66 3456
[21] Rothenberg J E 1997 JOSA B 14 1664
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