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Solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) generator is a popular energy converter due to providing low noise, low thermal mechanical stress and portability. It has the ability to exceed the efficiency of pure solar photovoltaic system. An idealized STPV generator is a reversible heat-engine, offering a theoretical efficiency of over 80%, but the actual conversion efficiency of STPV generator is still low due to the mistuned spectral property between the thermal selective emitter and the TPV cell. One key issue in developing the STPV generator with high performance is the spectral matching between the thermal radiation spectrum of radiator and the spectral response of photovoltaic cell in visible and near-infrared region, which usually lies between the visible and the near-infrared region. High-temperature spectral emissivity of rare earth oxide is of special interest, because the radiation has a narrow band of wavelengths in the near infrared and infrared region from 900 to 3000 nm. In this work, the thermal-selective film Er2O3 emitter is fabricated by post-oxidation of Er film deposited on Si substrate through using electron-beam gun evaporation. Based on the X-ray diffraction results, the Er2O3 film is of cubic phase structure and well-crystallized when the oxidation temperature is 700℃, and the Si substrate has no obvious influence on the crystal structure of Er2O3 film. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of the Er2O3 film after thermal oxidation at 700℃, the atomic ratio of Er/O is stoichiometric. In order to obtain the selective emission characteristic of the Er2O3 film, a measurement system is designed. The system consists of two major portions, i.e., one is a near infrared spectrometer purchased from Ocean Optics, the other is a high-temperature emission characteristic tester which can provide oxyhydrogen flame to heat the sample by using an electronic impulse ignition to torch the hydrogen-oxygen mixture. The oxyhydrogen flame passes through the nozzle and sprays vertically on the surface of the thermal-selective emitter sample. The facula of the oxyhydrogen flame convergence is very small (facula diameter:~0.8 cm), and the highest temperature achieved is about 2500℃. The measurement condition of selective emission performance of the Er2O3 film emitter coincides with the application characteristic of STPV generator. The emission performance result of the film emitter at 700℃ shows a typical gray-body emission characteristic. The measurements carried out at 900 and 1100℃ show that the Er2O3 film has a distinct emittance spectrum at 1550 nm corresponding to Er3+, and the intensity of the selective emission peak strengthens with the measuring temperature or film thickness increasing. The thermal-selective film Er2O3 emitter is found to have emission spectrum suitable for efficient matching with the infrared response of GaSb photovoltaic cell.
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Keywords:
- Er2O3 /
- film thermal selective emitter /
- high-temperature near-infrared spectrum /
- solar thermophotovoltaic
[1] Xiong C, Yao R H, Geng K W 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 57302
[2] Yao X, Ding Y L, Zhang X D, Zhao Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 038805 (in Chinese) [姚鑫, 丁艳丽, 张晓丹, 赵颖 2015 64 038805]
[3] Peng H L, Zhang W, Sun L J, Ma S D, Shi Y, Liang H W, Zhang Y J, Zheng W H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 178801 (in Chinese) [彭红玲, 张玮, 孙利杰, 马绍栋, 石岩, 渠红伟, 张冶金, 郑婉华 2014 63 178801]
[4] Seyf H R, Henry A 2016 Energ. Environ. Sci. 9 2654
[5] Daneshvar H, Prinja R, Kherani N P 2015 Appl. Energ. 159 560
[6] Karalis A, Joannopoulos J D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 141108
[7] Zhou Z G, Sakr E, Sun Y B, Bermel P 2016 Nanophotonics 5 1
[8] Wang H C, Wen L, Song S C, Hu X, Xu G Q 2015 Photon. Res. 3 329
[9] Zhou Z G, Yehia O, Bermel P 2016 J. Nanophoton. 10 016014
[10] Diso D, Licciulli A, Bianco A, Lomascolo M, Leo G, Mazzer M, Tundo S, Torsello G, Maffezzoli A 2003 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 98 144
[11] Guazzoni G E 1972 Appl. Spectrosc. 26 60
[12] Fraas L M, Girard G R, Avery J E, Arau B A, Sundaram V S 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 66 3866
[13] Licciulli A, Maffezzoli A, Diso D, Tundo S, Rella M, Torsello G, Mazzer M 2003 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 26 1119
[14] Tobler W J, Durisch W 2008 Appl. Energ. 85 483
[15] Chubb D L, Good B S, Chen Z 1997 AIP Conf. Proc. 401 293
[16] Chubb D L, Lowe R A 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 74 5687
[17] Narayanaswamy A, Canetta C 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 183107
[18] Tong J K, Hsu W C, Huang Y, Boriskina S V, Chen G 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10661
[19] Mikhelashvili V, Eisenstein G, Edelmann F 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2156
[20] Pam T M, Chen C L, Yeh W W, Hou S J 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 222912
[21] Dakhel A A 2006 Mater. Chem. Phys. 100 366
[22] Chen S, Zhu Y Y, Wu R, Wu Y Q, Fan Y L, Jiang Z M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 064106
[23] Losurdo M, Giangregorio M M, Capezzuto P, Bruno G, Malandrino G, Fragalà I L, Armelao L, Barreca D, Tondello E 2008 J. Electrochem. Soc. 155 44
[24] Pan T M, Shu W H, Hong J L 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 222906
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[1] Xiong C, Yao R H, Geng K W 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 57302
[2] Yao X, Ding Y L, Zhang X D, Zhao Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 038805 (in Chinese) [姚鑫, 丁艳丽, 张晓丹, 赵颖 2015 64 038805]
[3] Peng H L, Zhang W, Sun L J, Ma S D, Shi Y, Liang H W, Zhang Y J, Zheng W H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 178801 (in Chinese) [彭红玲, 张玮, 孙利杰, 马绍栋, 石岩, 渠红伟, 张冶金, 郑婉华 2014 63 178801]
[4] Seyf H R, Henry A 2016 Energ. Environ. Sci. 9 2654
[5] Daneshvar H, Prinja R, Kherani N P 2015 Appl. Energ. 159 560
[6] Karalis A, Joannopoulos J D 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 141108
[7] Zhou Z G, Sakr E, Sun Y B, Bermel P 2016 Nanophotonics 5 1
[8] Wang H C, Wen L, Song S C, Hu X, Xu G Q 2015 Photon. Res. 3 329
[9] Zhou Z G, Yehia O, Bermel P 2016 J. Nanophoton. 10 016014
[10] Diso D, Licciulli A, Bianco A, Lomascolo M, Leo G, Mazzer M, Tundo S, Torsello G, Maffezzoli A 2003 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 98 144
[11] Guazzoni G E 1972 Appl. Spectrosc. 26 60
[12] Fraas L M, Girard G R, Avery J E, Arau B A, Sundaram V S 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 66 3866
[13] Licciulli A, Maffezzoli A, Diso D, Tundo S, Rella M, Torsello G, Mazzer M 2003 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 26 1119
[14] Tobler W J, Durisch W 2008 Appl. Energ. 85 483
[15] Chubb D L, Good B S, Chen Z 1997 AIP Conf. Proc. 401 293
[16] Chubb D L, Lowe R A 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 74 5687
[17] Narayanaswamy A, Canetta C 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 183107
[18] Tong J K, Hsu W C, Huang Y, Boriskina S V, Chen G 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10661
[19] Mikhelashvili V, Eisenstein G, Edelmann F 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2156
[20] Pam T M, Chen C L, Yeh W W, Hou S J 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 222912
[21] Dakhel A A 2006 Mater. Chem. Phys. 100 366
[22] Chen S, Zhu Y Y, Wu R, Wu Y Q, Fan Y L, Jiang Z M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 064106
[23] Losurdo M, Giangregorio M M, Capezzuto P, Bruno G, Malandrino G, Fragalà I L, Armelao L, Barreca D, Tondello E 2008 J. Electrochem. Soc. 155 44
[24] Pan T M, Shu W H, Hong J L 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 222906
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