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To improve the efficiency and output power of the nano-gap thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power generation system, surface rectangular grating structures are added to the top surface of the group Ⅲ-V semiconductor cell to control the spectrum of near-field radiative transfer. Doped zinc oxide that supports surface waves at near-infrared wavelengths is selected as the TPV emitter. When paired with GaSb grating structures, the surface plasmon polariton excited by the emitter and the light trapping effect by the grating tunnels will be coupled, which results in a significantly and selectively enhanced near-field radiative heat flux within a narrow spectral region above the cell bandgap, thereby fulfilling the design purpose. This physical mechanism is explained by a direct finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation based on the Langevin approach. The material volume meshgrids filled with random dipole sources can act as the thermal emission source and the radiative heat flux is calculated by solving the Maxwell equations numerically. The spectral results show that adding rectangular grating structures to GaSb not only increases radiative transfer in the expected wavelength region over the unstructured case, resulting in a heat flux surpassing that of a far-field blackbody source at the same temperature, but also suppresses the unwanted long-wavelength heat flux that causes radiative loss and cell heating. With a vacuum gap of 200 nm between the emitter and the cell, using a bulk GaSb cell with rectangular gratings can double the spectral flux of the blackbody emitter case, and using an ultrathin GaSb cell with surface structures and back reflectors further increases this ratio to 2.84 due to the total internal reflection controlled by the cell thickness. The amplitude and wavelength of the spectral peak are controlled by the grating size parameters. Low filling ratio gratings with lower-aspect-ratio grating channels generally have sharper enhancement peaks but lower total radiative heat flux, while high filling ratio structures with higher-aspect-ratio channels have better heat flux improvement but might also result in lower conversion efficiency due to the broader spectrum. The rigorous approach reveals the detailed physical mechanism that is otherwise unseen with effective medium approaches for inhomogeneous structures or the Derjaguin proximity approximation. Overall the results of this study enable an enhancement of near-field radiative heat flux limited within a narrow wavelength range shorter than the cell bandgap, offering practical benefit to the application of TPV power generation with higher feasible power and conversion efficiency.
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Keywords:
- near-field radiation /
- spectral control /
- thermophotovoltaic system /
- finite-difference time-domain method
[1] Liu D, Yu H T, Yang Z, Duan Y Y 2015 J. Eng. Thermophys. 36 698 (in Chinese)[刘东, 于海童, 杨震, 段远源 2015 工程热 36 698]
[2] Coutts T J 1999 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 3 77
[3] Lenert A, Bierman D M, Nam Y, Chan W R, Celanovi C I, Soljačić M, Wang E N 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 126
[4] Basu S, Chen Y, Zhang Z M 2007 Int. J. Energ. Res. 31 689
[5] Hanamura K, Fukai H, Srinivasan E, Asano M, Masuhara T 2011 ASME/JSME 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference Hawaii, USA, March 2011
[6] Geng C, Zheng Y, Zhang Y Z, Yan H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 070201 (in Chinese)[耿超, 郑义, 张永哲, 严辉 2016 65 070201]
[7] Ijiro T, Yamada N 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 23103
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[10] Lu D, Das A, Park W 2017 Opt. Express 25 12999
[11] Zhang Z M 2007 Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer (New York: McGraw-Hill) p377
[12] Francoeur M, Meng M P, Vaillon R 2009 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 110 2002
[13] Li J Y, Xuan Y M, Li Q, Han Y G 2013 J. Eng. Thermophys. 34 1548 (in Chinese)[李佳玉, 宣益民, 李强, 韩玉阁 2013 工程热 34 1548]
[14] Wu H H, Huang Y, Zhu K Y 2016 J. Eng. Thermophys. 37 597 (in Chinese)[吴会海, 黄勇, 朱克勇 2016 工程热 37 597]
[15] Zhu K Y, Huang Y, Wu H H 2016 J. Eng. Thermophys. 37 2393 (in Chinese)[朱克勇, 黄勇, 吴会海 2016 工程热 37 2393]
[16] Vongsoasup N, Francoeur M, Hanamura K 2017 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 115 326
[17] Chang J Y, Yang Y, Wang L 2015 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 87 237
[18] Zhang R Z, Zhang Z M 2017 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 197 132
[19] Yu H T, Liu D, Duan Y Y, Zhen Y 2015 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 87 303
[20] Luo C, Narayanaswamy A, Chen G, Joannopoulos J D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 213905
[21] Lussange J, Gurout R, Rosa F S S, Greffet J J, Lambrecht A, Reynaud S 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 85432
[22] Bai Y, Jiang Y, Liu L 2015 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 158 36
[23] Kanamori Y, Kobayashi K, Yugami H, Hane K 2003 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 4020
[24] Bernardi M P, Dupr O, Blandre E, Chapuis P O, Vaillon R, Francoeur M 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11626
[25] Didari A, Meng M P 2017 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 197 95
[26] Datas A, Hirashima D, Hanamura K 2013 J. Therm. Sci. Tech. 8 91
[27] Kim J, Naik G V, Emani N K, Guler U, Boltasseva A 2013 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 19 4601907
[28] Djuriić A B, Li E H, Raki C D, Majewski M L 2000 Appl. Phys. A 70 29
[29] Yang Y, Wang L 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 44301
[30] Wei B, Li X Y, Wang F, Ge D B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6174 (in Chinese)[魏兵, 李小勇, 王飞, 葛德彪 2009 58 6174]
[31] Yu H, Liu D, Yang Z, Duan Y 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 1026
[32] Kim J, Hwang J, Song K, Kim N, Shin J C, Lee J 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 253101
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[1] Liu D, Yu H T, Yang Z, Duan Y Y 2015 J. Eng. Thermophys. 36 698 (in Chinese)[刘东, 于海童, 杨震, 段远源 2015 工程热 36 698]
[2] Coutts T J 1999 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 3 77
[3] Lenert A, Bierman D M, Nam Y, Chan W R, Celanovi C I, Soljačić M, Wang E N 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 126
[4] Basu S, Chen Y, Zhang Z M 2007 Int. J. Energ. Res. 31 689
[5] Hanamura K, Fukai H, Srinivasan E, Asano M, Masuhara T 2011 ASME/JSME 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference Hawaii, USA, March 2011
[6] Geng C, Zheng Y, Zhang Y Z, Yan H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 070201 (in Chinese)[耿超, 郑义, 张永哲, 严辉 2016 65 070201]
[7] Ijiro T, Yamada N 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 23103
[8] Chalabi H, Hasman E, Brongersma M L 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 14302
[9] Molesky S, Jacob Z 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 205435
[10] Lu D, Das A, Park W 2017 Opt. Express 25 12999
[11] Zhang Z M 2007 Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer (New York: McGraw-Hill) p377
[12] Francoeur M, Meng M P, Vaillon R 2009 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 110 2002
[13] Li J Y, Xuan Y M, Li Q, Han Y G 2013 J. Eng. Thermophys. 34 1548 (in Chinese)[李佳玉, 宣益民, 李强, 韩玉阁 2013 工程热 34 1548]
[14] Wu H H, Huang Y, Zhu K Y 2016 J. Eng. Thermophys. 37 597 (in Chinese)[吴会海, 黄勇, 朱克勇 2016 工程热 37 597]
[15] Zhu K Y, Huang Y, Wu H H 2016 J. Eng. Thermophys. 37 2393 (in Chinese)[朱克勇, 黄勇, 吴会海 2016 工程热 37 2393]
[16] Vongsoasup N, Francoeur M, Hanamura K 2017 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 115 326
[17] Chang J Y, Yang Y, Wang L 2015 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 87 237
[18] Zhang R Z, Zhang Z M 2017 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 197 132
[19] Yu H T, Liu D, Duan Y Y, Zhen Y 2015 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 87 303
[20] Luo C, Narayanaswamy A, Chen G, Joannopoulos J D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 213905
[21] Lussange J, Gurout R, Rosa F S S, Greffet J J, Lambrecht A, Reynaud S 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 85432
[22] Bai Y, Jiang Y, Liu L 2015 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 158 36
[23] Kanamori Y, Kobayashi K, Yugami H, Hane K 2003 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 4020
[24] Bernardi M P, Dupr O, Blandre E, Chapuis P O, Vaillon R, Francoeur M 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11626
[25] Didari A, Meng M P 2017 J. Quant. Spectr. Radiat. Transfer 197 95
[26] Datas A, Hirashima D, Hanamura K 2013 J. Therm. Sci. Tech. 8 91
[27] Kim J, Naik G V, Emani N K, Guler U, Boltasseva A 2013 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 19 4601907
[28] Djuriić A B, Li E H, Raki C D, Majewski M L 2000 Appl. Phys. A 70 29
[29] Yang Y, Wang L 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 44301
[30] Wei B, Li X Y, Wang F, Ge D B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6174 (in Chinese)[魏兵, 李小勇, 王飞, 葛德彪 2009 58 6174]
[31] Yu H, Liu D, Yang Z, Duan Y 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 1026
[32] Kim J, Hwang J, Song K, Kim N, Shin J C, Lee J 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 253101
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