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The purpose of this work is to prepare the high-performance transparent conductive thin films of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) by using a simple technological process. The FTO thin films are formed in the period of calcination process combined with the advantages of sol-gel method and chemical vapor deposition method, which not only avoids the shortcomings of film cracking in sol-gel coating process, but also reduces the cumbersome traditional dip-coating method and spin-coating method on glass substrates, largely simplifying process and cutting costs. The FTO thin films are deposited onto glass substrates by the sol-gel-evaporation method with SnCl45H2O as a tin source, and SnF2 as a fluorine source. The effects of F-doping content and the structure of the film on the properties of FTO film are mainly studied. The prepared films are characterized by IR, DTA-TG, XRD, TEM, SEM, etc. The results show that the maximum performance index (TC) of the FTO film, the lowest surface resistance of 14.7 cm-1, and the average light transmittance of 74.4% when F/Sn=14 mol% are achieved under the conditions of the reaction temperature of 50 ℃, the reaction time of 5 h, sintering or evaporation temperature of 600 ℃ for 2 h. It is indicated that part of O is replaced by F, and SnO2-xFx crystal structure is formed. It reveals that the crystal structure is polycrystalline and has a preferential orientation along the (110) direction and the spacing between the lattice fringes is about 0.33 nm in the FTO film. And the particles in the FTO film present a tetragonal rutile phase with an average size of 20 nm and a film thickness of 1.22 m. Fractal dimension of image by dealing with SEM image of FTO film shows that the surface resistance decreases with the decreasing of fractal dimension, which in fact critically demonstrates the lower barrier. The lower the barrier, the smoother the surface of the thin films is. So the fluorine concentration is the main factor affecting the properties of FTO thin film. Too much or too less fluorine is not conducive to the growths of SnO2-xFx crystals. And then the three-dimensional information such as structure, particle shape and size of the FTO thin film is also the factor influencing the FTO film properties. The analysis of SEM shows that the surface morphology of the thin film is in the pyramid-shaped structure, which is beneficial to improving the utilization of photons, and well used in the optoelectronic devices.
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Keywords:
- sol-gel-evaporation method /
- SnO2-xFx /
- photoelectric properties /
- fluorine doped tin oxide transparent conductive films
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[1] Liu E K, Zhu B S, Luo J S 2011 The Physics of Semiconductors (Beijing: Electronic Industry Press) pp65-127 (in Chinese) [刘恩科, 朱秉升, 罗晋生 2011 半导体物理学(北京:电子工业出版社) 第65-127页]
[2] Turgut G 2015 Thin Solid Films 594 56
[3] Huang L J, Ren N F, Li B J, Zhou M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 034211 (in Chinese) [黄立静, 任乃飞, 李保家, 周明 2015 64 034211]
[4] Turgut G, Keskenler E F, Aydin S, Tatar D, Sonmez E, Dogan S, Duzgun B 2014 Rare Metals 33 433
[5] Mrabet C, Boukhachem A, Amlouk M, Manoubi T 2016 J. Alloys Compd. 666 392
[6] An H R, Kim C Y, Oh S T, Ahn H J 2014 Ceram. Int. 40 385
[7] Bissig B, Jaeger T, Ding L, Tiwari A N, Romanyuk Y E 2015 APL Mater. 3 062802
[8] Purwanto A, Widiyandari H, Suryana Risa, Jumari Arif 2015 Thin Solid Films 586 41
[9] Nadarajah Athavan, Carnes M E, Kast M G, Johnson D W 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 4080
[10] Liu H Y, Yan Y, Wang Y L, Wu J H, Zhang G L, Yan L 2015 J. Aeronaut. Mater. 35 63 (in Chinese) [刘宏燕, 颜悦, 望咏林, 伍建华, 张官理, 厉蕾 2015 航空材料学报 35 63]
[11] Hao X H, Xu Q M, Zhao P, Yao Y Y, Tian X Z 2005 Electron. Compd. Mater. 24 7 (in Chinese) [郝喜红, 许启明, 赵鹏, 姚燕燕, 田晓珍 2005 电子元件与材 24 7]
[12] Moholkar A V, Pawar S M, Rajpure K Y, Bhosale C H 2008 J. Alloys Compd. 455 440
[13] Oshima M, Yoshino K 2010 J. Electron. Mater. 39 819
[14] Lai X Y, Jiang H, Zhao H F, Lu P 2013 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 411679
[15] Wang J T, Shi X L, Liu W W, Zhong X H, Wang J N, Pyrah L, Sanderson K D, Ramsey P M, Hirata M, Tsuri K 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 1
[16] Noor N, Parkin I P 2013 J. Mater. Chem. C 1 984
[17] Li J C, Wang B F, Shan L T, Jiang Y H, Han X B, Ba D C 2012 Vac. Sci. Techno. 32 225 (in Chinese) [李建昌, 王博锋, 单麟婷, 姜永辉, 韩小波, 巴德纯 2012 真空科学与技术学报 32 225]
[18] Tran Q P, Fang J S, Chin T S 2015 Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 40 664
[19] Pan Z C, Zhang P W, Tian X L, Cheng G, Xie Y H, Zhang H C, Zeng X F, Xiao C M, Hu G H, Wei Z G 2013 J. Alloys Compd. 576 31
[20] Yadava A A, Masumdara E U, Moholkarb A V, Neumann-Spallartc M, Rajpured K Y, Bhosaled C H 2009 J. Alloys Compd. 488 350
[21] Miao L, Xu R S, Ma Y L 2008 Mater. Rev. 22 121 (in Chinese) [苗莉, 徐瑞松, 马跃良 2008 材料导报 22 121]
[22] Shi H Y, Zheng W, Tian J Q 2014 J. Synthetic Cryst. 43 2677 (in Chinese) [石海英, 郑威, 田均庆 2014 人工晶体学报 43 2677]
[23] Chowdhury A, Kang D W, Isshiki M, Oyama T, Odaka H, Sichanugrist P, Konagai M 2015 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 140 126
[24] Shi X L, Wang J T, Wang J N 2014 J. Alloys Compd. 611 297
[25] Wu S S, Yuan S, Shi L Y, Zhao Y, Fang J H 2010 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 346 12
[26] Supriyono, Surahman H, Krisnandi Y K, Gunlazuardi J 2015 Procedia Environ. Sci. 28 242
[27] Banerjee A N, Kundoo S, Saha P, Chattopadhway K K 2003 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 28 105
[28] Jing C L, Tang W 2016 Appl. Surf. Sci. 364 843
[29] Wang Y, Xu K W 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 900 (in Chinese) [汪渊, 徐可为 2004 53 900]
[30] Georgious H, Mavroforakis M, Dimitropoulos N, Cavourasc D, Theodoridis S 2007 J. Artif. Intell. Med. 41 39
[31] Fraser D B, Cook H D 1972 J. Electrochem Soc. 119 1368
[32] Haacke G 1976 J. Appl. Phys. 47 4086
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