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Heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) solar cells attract attention due to their high open circuit voltage and stable performance. However, short circuit current density is difficult to improve due to light losses of transparent conductive oxide and hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation (a-Si:H) layer and low absorption coefficient of crystalline silicon (c-Si). Silicon germanium alloy (Si/Si1-xGex) quantum wells and quantum dots are capable of improving low light utilization by strong optical absorption in the infrared region. In this article, opto-MoS2of the HIT solar cells integrated with Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells (HIT-QW) as a surface absorber are investigated by numerical simulation with Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD). The influences of germanium content on the MoS2of HIT solar cells with long carrier lifetimes of Si1-xGex layers (p*) and defect-free a-Si:H/c-Si interface are investigated at first. The simulation results indicate that optical utilization in the infrared region is enhanced with the increase of germanium fraction, while open circuit voltage degrades due to the decreasing of the energy band gap of Si1-xGex, radiative recombination and auger recombination mechanism in the Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells. And the conversion efficiency reaches a maximum value at a germanium fraction of 0.25 then drops distinctly. When the germanium fraction increases from 0 to 0.25, the short circuit current density increases from 34.3 mA/cm2 to 34.8 mA/cm2, while the open circuit voltage declines from 749 mV to 733 mV. Hence, the conversion efficiency increases from 21.5% to 21.7% due to the fact that the enhancement of short circuit current density compensates for the reduction of open circuit voltage. When the germanium content increases to more than 50%, a serious open circuit voltage loss of more than 130 mV associated with the energy band gap loss of Si1-xGex arises in the HIT-QW solar cells, which indicates that the dominating carrier transport mechanism changes from shockley diffusion to recombination in the Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells. Subsequently, the influences of interface defects at a-Si:H/c-Si interface and bulk recombination centers in the Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells are discussed. Both interface holes at a-Si:H/c-Si interface and bulk holes in Si1-xGex quantum wells can be recombined through the interface defects at a-Si:H/c-Si interface and bulk recombination centers in the Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells, respectively, which restricts the position of hole fermi level in the open circuit condition. When the germanium fraction increases, the influence of interface defects at a-Si:H/c-Si interface becomes weak on the degradation of open circuit voltage compared with the significant influence of the bulk trap centers. Moreover, p* of longer than 510-5 s is necessary for the retention of electrical performance of HIT-QW solar cells by the simulation. Based on this research, high-efficiency HIT solar cells can be achieved by incorporating high-quality Si/Si0.75Ge0.25 quantum wells, which also requires the impactful passivation of a-Si:H/c-Si interface.
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Keywords:
- Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells /
- HIT solar cell /
- interface recombination /
- a-Si:H/c-Si
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[3] Bivour M, Meinhardt C, Pysch D, Reichel C, Ritzau K U, Hermle M, Glunz S W 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, June 20-25, 2010 p1304
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[5] Kanevce A, Mezger W K 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 969730
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[9] Masuko K, Shigematsu M, Hashiguchi T, Fujishima D, Kai M, Yoshimura N, Yamaguchi T, Ichihashi Y, Mishima T, Matsubara N, Yamanishi T, Takahama T, Taguchi M, Maruyama E, Okamoto S 2014 IEEE. J. Photovolt. 4 1433
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[14] Conibeer G, Green M, Corkish R, Cho Y, Cho E C, Jiang C W, Fangsuwannarak T, Pink E, Huang Y D, Puzzer T, Trupke T, Richards B, Shalav A, Lin K L 2006 Thin Solid Films 511 654
[15] Luque A, Marti A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 5014
[16] Tawancy H M 2012 J. Mater. Sci. 47 93
[17] Liu Z, Zhou T W, Li L L, Zuo Y H, He C, Li C B, Xue C L, Cheng B W, Wang Q M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 082101
[18] Fukatsu S, Sunamura H, Shiraki Y, Komiyama S 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 258
[19] Tayagaki T, Hoshi Y, Usami N 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2703
[20] Ye H, Yu J Z 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 024601
[21] Jiang B, Dong T, Su Y, He Y, Wang K Y 2014 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 23 213
[22] Linder K K, Zhang F C, Rieh J S, Bhattacharya P, Houghton D 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 3224
[23] Fonash S J 1980 J. Appl. Phys. 51 2115
[24] Saad M, Kassis A 2003 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 79 507
[25] Ghannam M, Shehadah G, Abdulraheem Y, Poortmans J 2015 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 132 320
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[1] Taguchi M, Kawamoto K, Tsuge S, Baba T, Sakata H, Morizane M, Uchihashi K, Nakamura N, Kiyama S, Oota O 2000 Prog. Photovolt. 8 503
[2] Dao V A, Heo J, Choi H, Kim Y, Park S, Jung S, Lakshminarayan N, Yi J 2010 Sol. Energy 84 777
[3] Bivour M, Meinhardt C, Pysch D, Reichel C, Ritzau K U, Hermle M, Glunz S W 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, June 20-25, 2010 p1304
[4] Hekmatshoar B, Shahrjerdi D, Hopstaken M, Ott J A, Sadana D K 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 103906
[5] Kanevce A, Mezger W K 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 969730
[6] Schulze T F, Korte L, Conrad E, Schmidt M, Rech B 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 023711
[7] Rahmouni M, Datta A, Chatterjee P, Damon-Lacoste J, Ballif C, Cabarrocas P R I 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 054521
[8] Taguchi M, Yano A, Tohoda S, Matsuyama K, Nakamura Y, Nishiwaki T, Fujita K, Maruyama E 2014 IEEE. J. Photovolt. 4 96
[9] Masuko K, Shigematsu M, Hashiguchi T, Fujishima D, Kai M, Yoshimura N, Yamaguchi T, Ichihashi Y, Mishima T, Matsubara N, Yamanishi T, Takahama T, Taguchi M, Maruyama E, Okamoto S 2014 IEEE. J. Photovolt. 4 1433
[10] Jiang C W, Green M A 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 114902
[11] Wang T, Zhang J J, Liu H Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 0204209 (in Chinese) [王霆, 张建军, Huiyun Liu 2015 64 0204209]
[12] Jiang B Y, Zheng J B, Wang C F, Hao J, Cao C D 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 138801 (in Chinese) [姜冰一, 郑建邦, 王春锋, 郝娟, 曹崇德 2012 61 138801]
[13] Li W J, Zhong X H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 038806 (in Chinese) [李文杰, 钟新华 2015 64 038806]
[14] Conibeer G, Green M, Corkish R, Cho Y, Cho E C, Jiang C W, Fangsuwannarak T, Pink E, Huang Y D, Puzzer T, Trupke T, Richards B, Shalav A, Lin K L 2006 Thin Solid Films 511 654
[15] Luque A, Marti A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 5014
[16] Tawancy H M 2012 J. Mater. Sci. 47 93
[17] Liu Z, Zhou T W, Li L L, Zuo Y H, He C, Li C B, Xue C L, Cheng B W, Wang Q M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 082101
[18] Fukatsu S, Sunamura H, Shiraki Y, Komiyama S 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 258
[19] Tayagaki T, Hoshi Y, Usami N 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2703
[20] Ye H, Yu J Z 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 024601
[21] Jiang B, Dong T, Su Y, He Y, Wang K Y 2014 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 23 213
[22] Linder K K, Zhang F C, Rieh J S, Bhattacharya P, Houghton D 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 3224
[23] Fonash S J 1980 J. Appl. Phys. 51 2115
[24] Saad M, Kassis A 2003 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 79 507
[25] Ghannam M, Shehadah G, Abdulraheem Y, Poortmans J 2015 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 132 320
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