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As an effective heat transfer medium, Nanofluid is used widely in heat transfer field. However, due to the contradiction between the heat conductivity coefficient of nanofluid and the cost of nanoparticles, a new mixed nanofluid is developed. In order to investigate the natural convection heat transfer characteristics and the interaction mechanism between nanoparticles, the lattice Boltzmann equations of nanofluid flow and temperature fields are deduced by multi-scale technique based on considering the interaction forces between nanoparticles, and the lattice Boltzmann model of Cu/Al2O3-water mixed nanofluid is established by coupling the evolution equations of flow with temperature fields. Nanoparticles distribution in enclosure and interaction forces between nanoparticles are investigated, it is found that Brownian motion force is far bigger than any other forces, and the effects of temperature difference driving force and Brownian motion force on nanoparticles distribution are biggest. In addition, the effects of nanoparticles fractions and Rayleigh number on natural convection are investigated, and the natural convection heat transfer characteristics of mixed nanofluid (Cu/Al2O3-water) are compared with those of single metal nanoparticle nanofluid (Al2O3-water). It is found that the mixed nanofluid has a higher heat transfer characteristic than other common nanofluid.
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Keywords:
- mixed nanofluid /
- interaction forces between nanoparticles /
- lattice Boltzmann model /
- natural convection
[1] Choi U S 1995 ASME FED. 1995 99
[2] Li Y T, Shen L P, Wang H, Wang H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 124401 (in Chinese) [李屹同, 沈谅平, 王浩, 汪汉斌 2013 62 124401]
[3] Ahmad A, Asghar S, Alsaedi A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 074401
[4] Salem A M, Ismail G, Fathy R 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 044402
[5] Hatat T, Imtiaz M, Alsaedi A, Mansoor R 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 054701
[6] Khalili S, Dinarvand S, Hosseini R, Tamim H, Pop I 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 048203
[7] Xiao B Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014402
[8] Xiao B Q, Yang Y, Xu X F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 026601
[9] Oztop H F, Abu-Nada E 2008 Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 29 1326
[10] Ho C J, Chen M W, Li Z W 2008 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 51 4506
[11] Saleh H, Roslan R, Hashim I 2011 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 54 194
[12] Ghasemi B, Aminossadati S M 2010 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 49 931
[13] Xie H Q, Chen L F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2513 (in Chinese) [谢华清, 陈立飞 2009 58 2513]
[14] Xiao B Q, Fan J T, Jiang G P, Chen L X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 154401 (in Chinese) [肖波齐, 范金土, 蒋国平, 陈玲霞 2012 61 154401]
[15] Xie H Q, Zeng Z, Zhang L Q, Liang G Y, Hiroshi M, Youshiyuki K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 124703
[16] He Y B, Lin X Y, Dong X L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 194701 (in Chinese) [何郁波, 林晓艳, 董晓亮 2013 62 194701]
[17] Ren S, Zhang J Z, Zhang Y M, Wei D 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 024702 (in Chinese) [任晟, 张家忠, 张亚苗, 卫丁 2014 63 024702]
[18] Guo Z L, Shi B C, Wang N C 2000 J. Comput. Phys. 165 288
[19] Guo Z, Shi B, Zheng C 2002 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 39 325
[20] Guo Z, Zheng C, Shi B, Zhao T S 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 1
[21] Xuan Y, Yao Z 2005 Heat Mass Transfer 41 199
[22] Wang Y, He Y L, Tong C Q, Liu Y W 2007 J. Eng. Thermophys. 28 313 (in Chinese) [王勇, 何雅玲, 童长青, 刘迎文 2007 工程热 28 313]
[23] Guo Z L, Li Q, Zheng C G 2002 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 19 483 (in Chinese) [郭照立, 李青, 郑楚光 2002 计算物理 19 483]
[24] Zhou L J, Xuan Y M, Li Q 2009 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 26 631 (in Chinese) [周陆军, 宣益民, 李强 2009 计算物理 26 631]
[25] Guo Y L, Xu H H, Shen S Q, Wei L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 144704 (in Chinese) [郭亚丽, 徐鹤函, 沈胜强, 魏兰 2013 62 144704]
[26] Kefayati G H R, Hosseinizadeh S F, Gorji M, Sajjadi H 2011 Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 38 798
[27] Lai F H, Yang Y T 2011 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 50 1930
[28] Guiet J, Reggio M, Vasseur P 2011 Comput. Therm. Sci. 3 1
[29] Nemati H, Farhadi M, Sedighi K, Ashorynejad H R, Fattahi E 2012 Sci. Iran. B 19 303
[30] Zhou L J, Xuan Y M, Li Q 2010 Int. J. Multiphase Flow 36 364
[31] Russel W B, Saville D A, Schowalter W R 1989 Colloidal Dispersion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp30-45
[32] Tian W C, Jia J Y, Chen G Y 2006 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 23 366 (in Chinese) [田文超, 贾建援, 陈光炎 2006 计算物理 23 366]
[33] Zhou T, Li H Z 1999 Chem. React. Eng. Technol. 115 1 (in Chinese) [周涛, 李洪钟 1999 化学反应工程与工艺 115 1]
[34] He C, Ahmadi G 1999 J. Aerosol. Sci. 30 739
[35] Abu-Nada E 2009 Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30 679
[36] Abu-Nada E, Oztop H F 2009 Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30 669
[37] L X Y 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Fudan University) (in Chinese) [吕晓阳2006 博士学位论文 (上海:复旦大学)]
[38] Hortmann M, Perić M, Scheuerer G 1990 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 11 189
[39] Khanafer K, Vafai K, Lightstone M 2003 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 46 3639
[40] D'Orazio A, Corcione M, Celata G P 2004 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 43 575
[41] De Vahl Davis G 1983 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 3 249
[42] Barakos G, Mistoulis E, Assimacopoulos D 1994 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 18 695
[43] Fusegi T, Hyun J M, Kuwahara K, Farouk B 1991 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 34 1543
[44] Krane R J, Jessee J 1983 Proceedings of the 1th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference Honolulu, Hawaii 1983 p323
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[1] Choi U S 1995 ASME FED. 1995 99
[2] Li Y T, Shen L P, Wang H, Wang H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 124401 (in Chinese) [李屹同, 沈谅平, 王浩, 汪汉斌 2013 62 124401]
[3] Ahmad A, Asghar S, Alsaedi A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 074401
[4] Salem A M, Ismail G, Fathy R 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 044402
[5] Hatat T, Imtiaz M, Alsaedi A, Mansoor R 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 054701
[6] Khalili S, Dinarvand S, Hosseini R, Tamim H, Pop I 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 048203
[7] Xiao B Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014402
[8] Xiao B Q, Yang Y, Xu X F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 026601
[9] Oztop H F, Abu-Nada E 2008 Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 29 1326
[10] Ho C J, Chen M W, Li Z W 2008 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 51 4506
[11] Saleh H, Roslan R, Hashim I 2011 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 54 194
[12] Ghasemi B, Aminossadati S M 2010 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 49 931
[13] Xie H Q, Chen L F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2513 (in Chinese) [谢华清, 陈立飞 2009 58 2513]
[14] Xiao B Q, Fan J T, Jiang G P, Chen L X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 154401 (in Chinese) [肖波齐, 范金土, 蒋国平, 陈玲霞 2012 61 154401]
[15] Xie H Q, Zeng Z, Zhang L Q, Liang G Y, Hiroshi M, Youshiyuki K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 124703
[16] He Y B, Lin X Y, Dong X L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 194701 (in Chinese) [何郁波, 林晓艳, 董晓亮 2013 62 194701]
[17] Ren S, Zhang J Z, Zhang Y M, Wei D 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 024702 (in Chinese) [任晟, 张家忠, 张亚苗, 卫丁 2014 63 024702]
[18] Guo Z L, Shi B C, Wang N C 2000 J. Comput. Phys. 165 288
[19] Guo Z, Shi B, Zheng C 2002 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 39 325
[20] Guo Z, Zheng C, Shi B, Zhao T S 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 1
[21] Xuan Y, Yao Z 2005 Heat Mass Transfer 41 199
[22] Wang Y, He Y L, Tong C Q, Liu Y W 2007 J. Eng. Thermophys. 28 313 (in Chinese) [王勇, 何雅玲, 童长青, 刘迎文 2007 工程热 28 313]
[23] Guo Z L, Li Q, Zheng C G 2002 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 19 483 (in Chinese) [郭照立, 李青, 郑楚光 2002 计算物理 19 483]
[24] Zhou L J, Xuan Y M, Li Q 2009 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 26 631 (in Chinese) [周陆军, 宣益民, 李强 2009 计算物理 26 631]
[25] Guo Y L, Xu H H, Shen S Q, Wei L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 144704 (in Chinese) [郭亚丽, 徐鹤函, 沈胜强, 魏兰 2013 62 144704]
[26] Kefayati G H R, Hosseinizadeh S F, Gorji M, Sajjadi H 2011 Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 38 798
[27] Lai F H, Yang Y T 2011 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 50 1930
[28] Guiet J, Reggio M, Vasseur P 2011 Comput. Therm. Sci. 3 1
[29] Nemati H, Farhadi M, Sedighi K, Ashorynejad H R, Fattahi E 2012 Sci. Iran. B 19 303
[30] Zhou L J, Xuan Y M, Li Q 2010 Int. J. Multiphase Flow 36 364
[31] Russel W B, Saville D A, Schowalter W R 1989 Colloidal Dispersion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp30-45
[32] Tian W C, Jia J Y, Chen G Y 2006 Chin. J. Comput. Phys. 23 366 (in Chinese) [田文超, 贾建援, 陈光炎 2006 计算物理 23 366]
[33] Zhou T, Li H Z 1999 Chem. React. Eng. Technol. 115 1 (in Chinese) [周涛, 李洪钟 1999 化学反应工程与工艺 115 1]
[34] He C, Ahmadi G 1999 J. Aerosol. Sci. 30 739
[35] Abu-Nada E 2009 Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30 679
[36] Abu-Nada E, Oztop H F 2009 Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30 669
[37] L X Y 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Fudan University) (in Chinese) [吕晓阳2006 博士学位论文 (上海:复旦大学)]
[38] Hortmann M, Perić M, Scheuerer G 1990 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 11 189
[39] Khanafer K, Vafai K, Lightstone M 2003 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 46 3639
[40] D'Orazio A, Corcione M, Celata G P 2004 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 43 575
[41] De Vahl Davis G 1983 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 3 249
[42] Barakos G, Mistoulis E, Assimacopoulos D 1994 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 18 695
[43] Fusegi T, Hyun J M, Kuwahara K, Farouk B 1991 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 34 1543
[44] Krane R J, Jessee J 1983 Proceedings of the 1th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference Honolulu, Hawaii 1983 p323
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