Development and application of cryogenic optical microscopy in photosynthesis research

Zhang Xian-Jun

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20241072

Abstract

Efficient photosynthesis reaction is attributed to the flexible energy regulation of two important pigment-protein complexes, i.e. photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). Cryogenic spectral microscopy provides information about the spatial distribution and physiological functional states of photosynthetic components in photosynthetic organisms. Under low temperatures, the uphill energy transfer between pigments is efficiently suppressed so that the temperature-dependent PSI can be well analyzed. Therefore, a cryogenic spectral microscope allows us to discuss the physiological events surrounding PSII and PSI in the independent microscopic zones. This technique can be used to complement the insufficiencies of cryogenic electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy in analyzing the photophysics and photochemistry of photosynthetic species. Historically, cryogenic optical microscopes originated from the desire for single-molecule spectroscopy detection. So far, the combination of optical microscopies and various spectroscopic techniques has expanded the possibility of studying photosynthesis from multiple perspectives. In this paper, the important and recent progress of cryogenic spectral microscopy in the field of natural photosynthesis research is reviewed from two aspects: single-molecule spectroscopy and single-cell spectroscopy, and the advantages of this technique in clarifying the correlation between structure variability and function of pigment-protein complexes, as well as the physiological responses of photosynthetic organisms to variable environments, are also illustrated.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Zhang Xian-Jun^1,2

1.
Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
2.
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Corresponding author: Zhang Xian-Jun, zhang.xianjun.p8@alumni.tohoku.ac.jp

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Butler W, Kitajima M 1975 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 396 72 Google Scholar
[2]	Wendler J, Holzwarth A R 1987 Biophys. J. 52 717 Google Scholar
[3]	Delosme R, Olive J, Wollman F A 1996 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1273 150 Google Scholar
[4]	Koblížek M, Komenda J, Masojídek J 1998 Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects (Springer) pp213–216
[5]	Iwai M, Yokono M, Inada N, Minagawa J 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 2337 Google Scholar
[6]	Minagawa J 2011 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1807 897 Google Scholar
[7]	Tian L J, Dinc E, Croce R 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 2339 Google Scholar
[8]	Bressan M, Dall'Osto L, Bargigia I, Alcocer M J, Viola D, Cerullo G, D'Andrea C, Bassi R, Ballottari M 2016 Nat. Plants 2 16131 Google Scholar
[9]	Dinc E, Tian L, Roy L M, Roth R, Goodenough U, Croce R 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113 7673 Google Scholar
[10]	Dickson R M, Cubitt A B, Tsien R Y, Moerner W E 1997 Nature 388 355 Google Scholar
[11]	Jelezko F, Tietz C, Gerken U, Wrachtrup J, Bittl R 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 8093 Google Scholar
[12]	Brecht M, Studier H, Radics V, Nieder J B, Bittl R 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 17487 Google Scholar
[13]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Kohler J, Freiberg A 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 12020 Google Scholar
[14]	Schorner M, Beyer S R, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Kohler J 2015 J. Phys. Chem. B 119 13964 Google Scholar
[15]	Kondo T, Gordon J B, Pinnola A, Dall’Osto L, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen G S 2019 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116 11247 Google Scholar
[16]	Kondo T, Mutoh R, Arai S, Kurisu G, Oh-Oka H, Fujiyoshi S, Matsushita M 2022 J. Chem. Phys. 156 105102 Google Scholar
[17]	Kondo T, Shibata Y 2022 Biophys. Physicobiol. 19 e190013 Google Scholar
[18]	Li H, Wang Y G, Ye M P, Li S S, Li D Y, Ren H S, Wang M H, Du L C, Li H, Veglia G, G J L, Weng Y X 2020 Sci. China Chem. 63 1121 Google Scholar
[19]	Ruan M X, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhao R Q, Zhang J, Wang Y J, Gao J L, Wang Z, Wang Y X, Sun D P, Ding W, Weng Y X 2023 Nat. Plants 9 1547 Google Scholar
[20]	Elber R, Karplus M 1987 Science 235 318 Google Scholar
[21]	Frauenfelder H, Sligar S G, Wolynes P G 1991 Science 254 1598 Google Scholar
[22]	Hofmann C, Aartsma T J, Michel H, Köhler J 2003 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 15534 Google Scholar
[23]	Bopp M A, Jia Y W, Li L Q, Cogdell R J, Hochstrasser R M 1997 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 10630 Google Scholar
[24]	Rutkauskas D, Novoderezkhin V, Cogdell R J, van Grondelle R 2004 Biochemistry 43 4431 Google Scholar
[25]	Elli A F, Jelezko F, Tietz C, Studier H, Brecht M, Bittl R, Wrachtrup J 2006 Biochemistry 45 1454 Google Scholar
[26]	Brecht M, Studier H, Elli A F, Jelezko F, Bittl R 2007 Biochemistry 46 799 Google Scholar
[27]	Matsushita M 2008 Seibutsu Butsuri 48 035 Google Scholar
[28]	Brotosudarmo T H, Kunz R, Bohm P, Gardiner A T, Moulisova V, Cogdell R J, Kohler J 2009 Biophys. J. 97 1491 Google Scholar
[29]	Kondo T, Chen W J, Schlau-Cohen G S 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 860 Google Scholar
[30]	Squires A H, Wang Q, Moerner W 2017 Biophys. J. 112 471a
[31]	Hatazaki S, Sharma D K, Hirata S, Nose K, Iyoda T, Kölsch A, Lokstein H, Vacha M 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 6669 Google Scholar
[32]	Jana S, Du T, Nagao R, Noguchi T, Shibata Y 2019 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860 30 Google Scholar
[33]	Otomo K, Dewa T, Matsushita M, Fujiyoshi S 2023 J. Phys. Chem. B 127 4959 Google Scholar
[34]	Zhang X J, Taniguchi R, Nagao R, Tomo T, Noguchi T, Ye S, Shibata Y 2024 J. Phys. Chem. B 128 2664 Google Scholar
[35]	Müller P, Li X P, Niyogi K K 2001 Plant Physiol. 125 1558 Google Scholar
[36]	Wollman F A 2001 EMBO J 20 3623 Google Scholar
[37]	Kanazawa A, Kramer D M 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 12789 Google Scholar
[38]	Rozak P, Seiser R, Wacholtz W, Wise R 2002 Plant Cell Environ. 25 421 Google Scholar
[39]	Bellafiore S, Barneche F, Peltier G, Rochaix J D 2005 Nature 433 892 Google Scholar
[40]	Wientjes E, van Amerongen H, Croce R 2013 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1827 420 Google Scholar
[41]	Ünlü C, Drop B, Croce R, van Amerongen H 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111 3460 Google Scholar
[42]	Kim E, Ahn T K, Kumazaki S 2015 Plant Cell Physiol. 56 759 Google Scholar
[43]	Nawrocki W J, Santabarbara S, Mosebach L, Wollman F A, Rappaport F 2016 Nat. Plants 2 16031 Google Scholar
[44]	de la Cruz Valbuena G, VA Camargo F, Borrego-Varillas R, Perozeni F, D’Andrea C, Ballottari M, Cerullo G 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 2500 Google Scholar
[45]	Calzadilla P I, Kirilovsky D 2020 Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 19 585 Google Scholar
[46]	Huang Z H, Shen L L, Wang W D, Mao Z Y, Yi X H, Kuang T Y, Shen J R, Zhang X, Han G Y 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1100 Google Scholar
[47]	Huokko T, Ni T, Dykes G F, Simpson D M, Brownridge P, Conradi F D, Beynon R J, Nixon P J, Mullineaux C W, Zhang P 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 3475 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhang X J, Fujita Y, Tokutsu R, Minagawa J, Ye S, Shibata Y 2021 Plant Cell Physiol. 62 872 Google Scholar
[49]	Zhang X J, Fujita Y, Kaneda N, Tokutsu R, Ye S, Minagawa J, Shibata Y 2022 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 119 e2122032119 Google Scholar
[50]	Hamel P, Olive J, Pierre Y, Wollman F A, de Vitry C 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 275 17072 Google Scholar
[51]	Finazzi G, Rappaport F, Furia A, Fleischmann M, Rochaix J D, Zito F, Forti G 2002 EMBO Rep. 3 280 Google Scholar
[52]	Munekage Y, Hojo M, Meurer J, Endo T, Tasaka M, Shikanai T 2002 Cell 110 361 Google Scholar
[53]	DalCorso G, Pesaresi P, Masiero S, Aseeva E, Schünemann D, Finazzi G, Joliot P, Barbato R, Leister D 2008 Cell 132 273 Google Scholar
[54]	Krause G, Briantais J M, Vernotte C 1983 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 723 169 Google Scholar
[55]	Fujita Y, Ito W, Washiyama K, Shibata Y 2018 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 185 111 Google Scholar
[56]	Fujita Y, Zhang X J, Mohamed A, Ye S, Shibata Y 2022 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 236 112584 Google Scholar
[57]	Uniacke J, Zerges W 2007 Plant Cell 19 3640 Google Scholar
[58]	Nixon P J, Michoux F, Yu J, Boehm M, Komenda J 2010 Ann. Bot. 106 1 Google Scholar
[59]	Nickelsen J, Rengstl B 2013 Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 64 609 Google Scholar
[60]	Nellaepalli S, Ozawa S I, Kuroda H, Takahashi Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2439 Google Scholar
[61]	Chiba T, Shibata Y 2019 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860 148090 Google Scholar
[62]	Croce R, Van Amerongen H 2014 Nat. Chem. Biol. 10 492 Google Scholar
[63]	Suvorov N, Pogorilyy V, Diachkova E, Vasil’ev Y, Mironov A, Grin M 2021 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 6392 Google Scholar
[64]	Oviedo M B, Sánchez C G 2011 J. Phys. Chem. A 115 12280 Google Scholar
[65]	Fuchs B M, Spring S, Teeling H, Quast C, Wulf J, Schattenhofer M, Yan S, Ferriera S, Johnson J, Glöckner F O 2007 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 2891 Google Scholar
[66]	Wasielewski M R, Kispert L D 1986 Chem. Phys. Lett. 128 238 Google Scholar
[67]	Son M, Hart S M, Schlau-Cohen G S 2021 Trends Chem. 3 733 Google Scholar
[68]	Zhang X J, Shibata Y, Kumazaki S 2023 J. Photochem. Photobiol. C. 56 100616 Google Scholar
[69]	Suga M, Ozawa S I, Yoshida-Motomura K, Akita F, Miyazaki N, Takahashi Y 2019 Nat. Plants 5 626 Google Scholar
[70]	Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt H T, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauß N 2001 Nature 411 909 Google Scholar
[71]	Brecht M 2009 Mol. Phys. 107 1955 Google Scholar
[72]	Hussels M, Brecht M 2011 Biochemistry 50 3628 Google Scholar
[73]	Köhler J, Cogdell R J 2019 Metabolism, Structure and Function of Plant Tetrapyrroles: Control Mechanisms of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Analysis of Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins pp1–31
[74]	Hayes J, Matsuzaki S, Rätsep M, Small G 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 5625 Google Scholar
[75]	Rätsep M, Johnson T, Chitnis P, Small G 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 836 Google Scholar
[76]	Zazubovich V, Matsuzaki S, Johnson T, Hayes J, Chitnis P, Small G 2002 Chem. Phys. 275 47 Google Scholar
[77]	Riley K J, Reinot T, Jankowiak R, Fromme P, Zazubovich V 2007 J. Phys. Chem. B 111 286 Google Scholar
[78]	Skandary S, Konrad A, Hussels M, Meixner A J, Brecht M 2015 J. Phys. Chem. B 119 13888 Google Scholar
[79]	Kato K, Shinoda T, Nagao R, Akimoto S, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Chen M, Allakhverdiev S I, Shen J R, Akita F 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 238 Google Scholar
[80]	Toporik H, Khmelnitskiy A, Dobson Z, Riddle R, Williams D, Lin S, Jankowiak R, Mazor Y 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 5279 Google Scholar
[81]	Çoruh O, Frank A, Tanaka H, Kawamoto A, El-Mohsnawy E, Kato T, Namba K, Gerle C, Nowaczyk M M, Kurisu G 2021 Commun. Biol. 4 304 Google Scholar
[82]	Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Nagao R, Kawakami K, Ueno Y, Suzuki T, Uchida H, Murakami A, Nakajima Y, Yokono M 2022 Elife 11 e73990 Google Scholar
[83]	Akita F, Nagao R, Kato K, Nakajima Y, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Shen J R, Akimoto S 2020 Commu. Biol. 3 232 Google Scholar
[84]	Klar T A, Jakobs S, Dyba M, Egner A, Hell S W 2000 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 8206 Google Scholar
[85]	Giske A 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Heidelberg: Heidelberg University
[86]	Ambrose W P, Basche T, Moerner W E 1991 J. Chem. Phys. 95 7150 Google Scholar
[87]	Vacha M, Yokoyama H, Tokizaki T, Furuki M, Tani T 1999 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70 2041 Google Scholar
[88]	Jasny J, Sepiol J, Irngartinger T, Traber M, Renn A, Wild U P 1996 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67 1425 Google Scholar
[89]	Fujiyoshi S, Fujiwara M, Kim C, Matsushita M, van Oijen A M, Schmidt J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 051125 Google Scholar
[90]	Vàcha F, Vacha M, Bumba L, Hashizume K, Tani T 2000 Photosynthetica 38 493 Google Scholar
[91]	Vácha F, Sarafis V, Benediktyová Z, Bumba L, Valenta J, Vácha M, Sheue C R, Nedbal L 2007 Micron 38 170 Google Scholar
[92]	Sugiura K, Itoh S 2012 Plant Cell Physiol. 53 1492 Google Scholar
[93]	Breunig H G, Tumer F, Konig K 2013 J. Biophotonics 6 622 Google Scholar
[94]	Shibata Y, Katoh W, Tahara Y 2013 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1827 520 Google Scholar
[95]	Steinbach G, Schubert F, Kana R 2015 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 152 395 Google Scholar
[96]	Fujiwara M, Ishii T, Ishida K, Toratani Y, Furubayashi T, Matsushita M, Fujiyoshi S 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 033701 Google Scholar
[97]	Yoshimoto M 2000 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 6105 Google Scholar
[98]	Shibata Y, Katoh W, Chiba T, Namie K, Ohnishi N, Minagawa J, Nakanishi H, Noguchi T, Fukumura H 2014 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1837 880 Google Scholar
[99]	Metzger M, Konrad A, Skandary S, Ashraf I, Meixner A J, Brecht M 2016 Opt. Express 24 13023 Google Scholar
[100]	Wang L, Bateman B, Zanetti-Domingues L C, Moores A N, Astbury S, Spindloe C, Darrow M C, Romano M, Needham S R, Beis K, Rolfe D J, Clarke D T, Martin-Fernandez M L 2019 Commun. Biol. 2 74 Google Scholar
[101]	Huebinger J, Grecco H, Masip M E, Christmann J, Fuhr G R, Bastiaens P I H 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabk0882 Google Scholar
[102]	Yamanaka M, Tsuji K, Kumamoto Y, Tamura S, Miyamura W, Kubo T, Mizushima K, Kono K, Hirano H, Sugiura K 2023 bioRxiv 2023.08. 01.551103
[103]	Hasegawa M, Yoshida T, Yabuta M, Terazima M, Kumazaki S 2011 J. Phys. Chem. B 115 4184 Google Scholar
[104]	van Oijen A M, Ketelaars M, Kohler J, Aartsma T J, Schmidt J 1999 Science 285 400 Google Scholar
[105]	Jana S, Shibata Y 2020 Biophys. J. 118 36 Google Scholar
[106]	Girolomoni L, Cazzaniga S, Pinnola A, Perozeni F, Ballottari M, Bassi R 2019 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116 4212 Google Scholar
[107]	Kondo T, Pinnola A, Chen W J, Dall'Osto L, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen G S 2017 Nat. Chem. 9 772 Google Scholar
[108]	Barzda V, de Grauw C J, Vroom J, Kleima F J, van Grondelle R, van Amerongen H, Gerritsen H C 2001 Biophys. J. 81 538 Google Scholar
[109]	Barzda V, Gulbinas V, Kananavicius R, Cervinskas V, Van Amerongen H, Van Grondelle R, Valkunas L 2001 Biophys. J. 80 2409 Google Scholar
[110]	Robert B 2009 Photosynth. Res. 101 147 Google Scholar
[111]	Tamamizu K, Kumazaki S 2019 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860 78 Google Scholar
[112]	Tamamizu K, Sakamoto T, Kurashige Y, Nozue S, Kumazaki S 2023 Spectrochimica Acta. Part A 290 122258 Google Scholar
[113]	Wu H W, Volponi J V, Oliver A E, Parikh A N, Simmons B A, Singh S 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 3809 Google Scholar
[114]	Gall A, Pascal A A, Robert B 2015 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1847 12 Google Scholar
[115]	Mizushima K, Kumamoto Y, Tamura S, Yamanaka M, Mochizuki K, Li M, Egoshi S, Dodo K, Harada Y, Smith N I 2023 bioRxiv 2023.11. 15.567077
[116]	Jiang S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Hu C R, Liao M H, Luo Y, Yang J L, Dong Z C, Hou J G 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 865 Google Scholar
[117]	Hasegawa M, Shiina T, Terazima M, Kumazaki S 2010 Plant Cell Physiol. 51 225 Google Scholar
[118]	Gitelson A A, Buschmann C, Lichtenthaler H K 1998 J. Plant Physiol. 152 283 Google Scholar
[119]	Watkins L P, Yang H 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 617 Google Scholar
[120]	Schlau-Cohen G S, Wang Q, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Moerner W 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110 10899 Google Scholar
[121]	Schlau-Cohen G S, Yang H-Y, Krüger T P, Xu P, Gwizdala M, Van Grondelle R, Croce R, Moerner W 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 860 Google Scholar
[122]	Goldsmith R H, Moerner W 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 179 Google Scholar
[123]	Allorent G, Lefebvre-Legendre L, Chappuis R, Kuntz M, Truong T B, Niyogi K K, Ulm R, Goldschmidt-Clermont M 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113 14864 Google Scholar
[124]	Tokutsu R, Fujimura-Kamada K, Yamasaki T, Okajima K, Minagawa J 2021 Plant Physiol. 185 1894 Google Scholar
[125]	Horton P, Wentworth M, Ruban A 2005 FEBS Lett. 579 4201 Google Scholar
[126]	Liguori N, Roy L M, Opacic M, Durand G, Croce R 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 18339 Google Scholar
[127]	Holub O, Seufferheld M J, Gohlke C, Govindjee, Clegg R M 2000 Photosynthetica 38 581 Google Scholar
[128]	Holub O, Seufferheld M, Gohlke C, Govindjee, Heiss G, Clegg R 2007 J. Microsc. 226 90 Google Scholar
[129]	Kumazaki S, Akari M, Hasegawa M 2013 Plant Physiology 161 1321 Google Scholar
[130]	Nozue S, Mukuno A, Tsuda Y, Shiina T, Terazima M, Kumazaki S 2016 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1857 46 Google Scholar
[131]	Tamarat P, Maali A, Lounis B, Orrit M 2000 J. Phys. Chem. A 104 1 Google Scholar
[132]	Kaufmann R, Hagen C, Grunewald K 2014 Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 20 86 Google Scholar
[133]	Nabhan M A, Silvera Batista C A, Cliffel D E, Jennings G K 2023 ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 5 3278 Google Scholar
[134]	Gust A, Zander A, Gietl A, Holzmeister P, Schulz S, Lalkens B, Tinnefeld P, Grohmann D 2014 Molecules 19 15824 Google Scholar
[135]	Paul T, Myong S 2022 STAR Protocols 3 101152 Google Scholar
[136]	Cohen A E, Moerner W 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 093109 Google Scholar
[137]	Brotosudarmo T H P, Wittmann B, Seki S, Fujii R, Köhler J r 2022 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13 5226 Google Scholar
[138]	Basché T, Moerner W, Orrit M, Talon H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 1516 Google Scholar
[139]	Hussels M, Brecht M 2011 FEBS Lett. 585 2445 Google Scholar
[140]	Zhang X J, Fujita Y, Kaneda N, Tokutsu R, Ye S, Minagawa J, Shibata Y 2021 bioRxiv 2021.10. 27.465227
[141]	Moerner W, Fromm D P 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 3597 Google Scholar
[142]	Brecht M, Radics V, Nieder J B, Bittl R 2009 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 11857 Google Scholar
[143]	Ishii K, Tahara T 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 11423 Google Scholar
[144]	Ishii K, Tahara T 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 11414 Google Scholar
[145]	Sarkar B, Ishii K, Tahara T 2024 J. Phys. Chem. B 128 4685 Google Scholar
[146]	Wang D H, Fiebig O C, Harris D, Toporik H, Ji Y, Chuang C, Nairat M, Tong A L, Ogren J I, Hart S M 2023 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 120 e2220477120 Google Scholar
[147]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Freiberg A, Kohler J 2014 Biophys. J. 106 2008 Google Scholar
[148]	翁羽翔 2007 物理 36 816 Google Scholar Weng Y X 2007 Physics 36 816 Google Scholar
[149]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Freiberg A, Köhler J r 2012 J. Phys. Chem. B 116 11017 Google Scholar
[150]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Freiberg A, Köhler J 2013 Angew. Chem. 52 8726 Google Scholar
[151]	冷轩, 王专, 翁羽翔 2016 植物生理学报 52 1681 Leng X, Wang Z, Weng Y X 2016 Plant Physiol. J. 52 1681
[152]	Hildner R, Brinks D, Nieder J B, Cogdell R J, Van Hulst N F 2013 Science 340 1448 Google Scholar
[153]	Pålsson L-O, Dekker J P, Schlodder E, Monshouwer R, van Grondelle R 1996 Photosynth. Res. 48 239 Google Scholar
[154]	Beekman L M, Frese R N, Fowler G J, Picorel R, Cogdell R J, van Stokkum I H, Hunter C N, van Grondelle R 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 7293 Google Scholar
[155]	Schlodder E, Hussels M, Çetin M, Karapetyan N V, Brecht M 2011 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1807 1423 Google Scholar
[156]	Liu Z F, Yan C H, Wang K B, Kuang T Y, Zhang J P, Gui L L, An X M, Chang W R 2004 Nature 428 287 Google Scholar
[157]	Snellenburg J J, Wlodarczyk L M, Dekker J P, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum I H 2017 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1858 64 Google Scholar
[158]	Nellaepalli S, Ozawal S I, Kuroda H, Takahashi Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1 Google Scholar
[159]	Ozawa S I, Onishi T, Takahashi Y 2010 J. Biol. Chem. 285 20072 Google Scholar
[160]	Shao S X 2017 Ph. D. Dissertation (London: Imperial College London
[161]	Shibata K 1957 J. Biochem. 44 147 Google Scholar
[162]	Schuster G, Ohad I, Martineau B, Taylor W C 1985 J. Biol. Chem. 260 11866 Google Scholar
[163]	Franck F, Eullaffroy P, Popovic R 1997 Photosynth. Res. 51 107 Google Scholar
[164]	Sundqvist C, Dahlin C 1997 Physiol. Plant. 100 748 Google Scholar
[165]	Marchand M, Dewez D, Franck F, Popovic R 2004 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 75 73 Google Scholar
[166]	Amirjani M, Sundqvist C 2006 Photosynthetica 44 83 Google Scholar
[167]	Peng L W, Ma J F, Chi W, Guo J K, Zhu S Y, Lu Q T, Lu C M, Zhang L X 2006 Plant Cell 18 955 Google Scholar
[168]	Kovacevic D, Dewez D, Popovic R 2007 Photosynthetica 45 105 Google Scholar
[169]	Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780 Google Scholar
[170]	Blom H, Widengren J 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 7377 Google Scholar
[171]	Kozawa Y, Nakamura T, Uesugi Y, Sato S 2022 Biomed. Opt. Express 13 1702 Google Scholar
[172]	Komura M, Itoh S 2009 Photosynth. Res. 101 119 Google Scholar
[173]	Kusumi A, Tsuji A, Murata M, Sako Y, Yoshizawa A C, Kagiwada S, Hayakawa T, Ohnishi S 1991 Biochemistry 30 6517 Google Scholar
[174]	Biskup C, Zimmer T, Benndorf K 2004 Nat. Biotechnol. 22 220 Google Scholar
[175]	Liu L X, Li Y H, Sun L G, Li H, Peng X, Qu J L Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIV pp307-311
[176]	Yoneda T, Tanimoto Y, Takagi D, Morigaki K 2020 Langmuir 36 5863 Google Scholar
[177]	Meredith S A, Yoneda T, Hancock A M, Connell S D, Evans S D, Morigaki K, Adams P G 2021 Small 17 2006608 Google Scholar
[178]	Harris D, Toporik H, Schlau-Cohen G S, Mazor Y 2023 Nat. Commun. 14 4650 Google Scholar
[179]	Onoa B, Fukuda S, Iwai M, Bustamante C, Niyogi K K 2020 Biophys. J. 118 1876 Google Scholar
[180]	Yang K S, Chan F Y, Watanabe H, Yoshioka S, Inouye Y, Uchihashi T, Ishitobi H, Verma P, Umakoshi T 2024 Nano Lett. 24 2805 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 (a) 色素的分子结构; (b) 色素溶液的稳态吸收光谱^[63]

Figure 1. (a) Molecular structures of pigments; (b) steady-state absorption spectra of individual pigment solution^[63].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) 光合作用中电子转移的示意图^[68], LHC表示捕光蛋白, PQ (plastoquinone)和PC (plastocyanin)分别代表两个主要的电子载体. (b), (c) 表示豌豆中PSII-LHCII (PDB code: 6 YP7)和PSI-LHCI (PDB code: 4 XK8)复合体的结构, Chl-a和Chl-b色素分子分别用绿色和紫色表示, 红色箭头表示假设的能量转移路径. (d), (e) PSII和PSI各自的反应中心结构. (f) 绿藻细胞Chlamydomonas中两个主要的光系统冷冻电镜结构, PSII-LHCII (PDB code: 6 KAF)和PSI-LHCI (PDB code: 6 JO6), 在PSII-LHCII中, 蓝绿色代表LHCII三聚体, 而深蓝色和紫色分别代表两个较小的LHCs (称为CP26和CP29), PSI-LHCI-LHCII (PDB code: 7DZ7)超级复合体除了连接少许的LHCI以外, 还额外结合了两个LHCII三聚体

Figure 2. (a) Electron flow of photosynthesis^[68], LHC (light-harvesting complex), PQ (plastoquinone), PC (plastocyanin). (b), (c) Structures of PSII-LHCII (PDB code: 6 YP7) and PSI-LHCI (PDB code: 4 XK8) in the high plant. Core protein and light-harvesting protein were shown as yellow and blue-green, respectively. Chl-as and Chl-bs were indicated as green and purple, respectively. The red lines with arrows were the imaginary energy transfer pathway. (d), (e) Molecular structure of the reaction center of two PSs. (f) The Cryo-EM structures of PSII-LHCII (PDB code: 6 KAF) and PSI-LHCI (PDB code: 6 JO6) of Chlamydomonas cell. The PSI-LHCI-LHCII (PDB code: 7DZ7) supercomplex was easily formed upon state transition.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) T. elongatus中PSI三聚体晶体结构^[70], 绿色表示Chl-a分子, 紫色表示反应中心P700, 红色分子代表着被预测的Red Chls; (b) PSI三聚体中的单体模型, Low2和Low1是Kato等^[82]预测的Red Chls

Figure 3. (a) An X-ray crystal structure (PDB code: 1 JB0) of trimetric PSI isolated from a T. elongatus, the Chl-a was indicated in green, the reaction center was indicated in purple, the initial predicted red Chls candidates were depicted in red and marked by ellipses, they were renamed as Red Chls_1-3; (b) Low1 and Low2 were the possible Red Chls which were predicted by Kato et al.^[82].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 共聚焦荧光显微镜的简易示意图; (b) 自制冷冻光学方案^[68], 绿色背景表示冷冻剂, 被斜线填充的空间表示真空环境; (c) 商业化冷冻光学方案, 在商业化的低温恒温器中, 样品被固定在真空环境里, 流动的冷冻剂(带箭头的线)通过一个导热性好的材料与样品架相连接

Figure 4. (a) Schematic of the confocal fluorescence microscope; (b) some home-built optical systems of cryogenic microscopes^[68], the green background represents the refrigerant, and the space filled with diagonal lines represents the vacuum environment; (c) a cryogenic microscope equipped with a commercial cryostat, the sample is fixed in a vacuum environment, and a flowing cryogen (arrowed line) is connected to the sample holder through a material with good thermal conductivity.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 变换点分析的模拟^[119]　(a)—(c) 使用不同时间间隔展示的单参数时程测量; (d) 使用变换点函数展示的数据; (e) 模拟的单参数时程测量数据, 该数据具有5个明确的状态, 可用于图(a)—(d)的模拟

Figure 5. Change-point analysis of single-parameter^[119]: (a)–(c) Time-course single parameter trace with different intervals; (d) time-course single parameter trace used change-point analysis; (e) the simulated time-course single parameter trace with five states, this data was used for the simulations of panels (a)–(d).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) 奇异值矩阵分解的示意图, M是一个放置了大量光谱的数据集, U是放置SVD谱的正交矩阵, W和$ {\boldsymbol{\varSigma}} $分别是放置奇异值SV_λ的对角矩阵和一个转置矩阵; 在实际分析中, 一般选择前面较大的数值即可; (b)—(d) 一个通过奇异值矩阵分解分析的单细胞光谱显微测量例子^[130]

Figure 6. (a) Schematic form of SVD analysis of many spectra, M is a dataset with a large number of spectra, U is the orthogonal matrix with SVD spectra, W and $ {\boldsymbol{\varSigma}} $ are the diagonal matrix with singular value SV_λ and an transpose matrix, respectively; in practical analysis, the larger value in front is generally selected; (b)–(d) an example of SVD analysis in single-cell spectroscopy^[130].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a) 旋涂制备法的流程图, 通过该方法制备的薄膜的厚度小于1 μm; (b) 涂层法的流程图, 其中常使用的表面钝化剂有PLL (Poly-L-lysine), BSA (bovine serum albumin)和PEG (polyethylene glycol)

Figure 7. (a) Processes of the spin-coat method preparation, by which the thickness of the film prepared is less than 1 μm; (b) the coating treatment method. The commonly used surface passivants include PLL (Poly-L-lysine), BSA (bovine serum albumin), and PEG (polyethylene glycol).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) 常规的激发光谱显微镜, 该系统通过单波长的激光扫描来获取激发光谱; (b) 基于线激光搭建的高速激发光谱显微镜^[105], 在测量激发光谱时候, 该系统无需进行波长扫描; (c) 表示记录的激光光谱, 该光谱被用于激发光谱的校正

Figure 8. (a) Traditional excitation spectral microscope, acquisition of excitation spectra is completed by performing a wavelength scan; (b) a high-speed excitation spectral microscope^[105], this system enables the rapid acquisition of excitation spectra without wavelength-scan; (c) the recorded spectrum of the line laser, this spectrum is necessary for the calibration of the excitation spectrum.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 (a) LH2复合体中BChla分子的空间结构^[27]; (b) LH2溶液的激发光谱和一个1.5 K的单分子激发光谱^[27]; (c) B850的部分激子能级示意图. 其中, 左侧和右侧分别表示B850环上C₉旋转对称存在或缺失的能级分布, 灰色和黑色双箭头线表示两个偏振正交的激子态; (d) 单个LH2的低温激发光谱; 灰色和黑色分别对应图(c)中的两个激子态^[27]

Figure 9. (a) Arrangement of pigments of LH2 complex^[27]; (b) the fluorescence excitation spectrum of LH2 bulk sample and a 1.5 K single-molecule excitation spectrum^[27]; (c) the schematic of the B850 excitons with lower energy levels, the left and right sides represent the energy distribution of the part B850 excitons in the presence and absence of ninefold rotation symmetry; (d) the single-molecule spectra of the LH2 complex are taken at 1.5 K, the grey and black spectra may correspond to two orthogonal polarized excitations shown in panel (c)^[27].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 (a) 1.4 K 温度下对PSI单分子的发射光谱进行的时程观察, 顶部表示一个平均光谱; (b)两个波长区间的强度的时程变化; (c) 基于图(a)计算的二维自相关光谱图^[142]

Figure 10. (a) A time-course observation of single PSI (T. elongatus) emission spectra, the top panel indicated an average emission spectrum; (b) the intensity changes in the two specific wavelength regions; (c) a 2-dimensional synchronous correlation spectroscopy calculated from panel (a)^[142].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 (a) 随机波动能量传递模型; (b) 分支能量传递模型; (c) 表示一个PSI三聚体的二维激发发射矩阵, 黑色和蓝色的实线是被计算的特征向量, 黑色的特征向量被用于计算倾斜角度α, ρ是激发-发射波长的相关性系数; (d) 表示两个从图(c)中重建的激发光谱, 蓝色和红色谱线分别代表发射波长覆盖在700—725 nm (Low1)和725—752 nm (Low2)区间的激发光谱^[34]

Figure 11. (a) Model of random excitation energy transfer (EET) pathway of PSI; (b) the model of branched EET pathway of PSI; (c) a two-dimensional excitation-emission matrix of a selected PSI trimer 80 K, the black and blue solid lines respectively show the eigenvectors in which the black vector is used to calculate the inclination angle α, ρ indicates the correlation coefficient of excitation-emission wavelengths; (d) the two excitation spectra were reconstructed by integration over the red (700–725 nm, blue) and far-red (725–752 nm, red) emission wavelength regions^[34].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 叶绿体的冷冻显微镜观察, 在该叶绿体内的局部区域, 该观察获取了能很好甄别PSII和PSI特征的低温发射光谱^[91]

Figure 12. Low-temperature observation of a chloroplast with a larger size, this study completed the spectral imaging of fluorescence emission and in some local regions obtained the spectra that can well identify PSII and PSI features^[91].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 (a) Shibata等^[98]开发的冷冻光谱显微镜的示意图, 插图表示冷冻恒温仓的实拍图(由Yuki Fujita博士提供). (b) 该显微镜的最新版本的示意图, 该系统实现了单个像素上荧光光谱和寿命的同时获取^[56]. (c) Chlamydomonas细胞图像上单像素中的低温发射光谱, 发射光谱能被5个高斯函数很好地拟合, 根据高斯峰位归属了LHCII, PSII和PSI的成分. 绿色点线表示680 nm滤波片的透射光谱^[56]. (d) 各个光合成分在细胞内的分布图^[56]. (e) PSII和PSI的比值图^[56]. (f) 平均寿命图^[56], 右侧为该细胞中一个像素上的荧光衰减曲线

Figure 13. (a) A cryogenic spectral microscope developed by Yutaka Shibata et al.^[98], the illustration shows a photograph of the home-built cryostat that was provided by Dr. Yuki Fujita. (b) The latest version of this optical system, the present system enables the simultaneous acquisition of emission spectrum and lifetime on the same pixel^[56]. (c) An emission spectrum selected from a pixel on a Chlamydomonas cell, the emission spectrum can be well fitted to the sum of five Gaussian functions. Based on the peak position of individual Gaussian curves, they assigned these Gaussian curves to LHCII, PSII, and PSI, respectively. The green dotted line indicates the transmission spectrum of a 680 nm bandpass filter^[56]. (d) They visualized these photosynthetic components within a cell in terms of a method^[56]. (e) The relative intensity ratio map of PSII and PSI^[56]. (f) The average lifetime map of this cell, the right side shows a fluorescence curve selected from this cell^[56].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 14 (a) C4植物叶片横截面的示意图, 围绕着维管束(vascular bundle, VB)的细胞(bundle sheath, BS)中PSII的含量很低, 在远离VB的叶肉细胞(mesophyll, MS) 中, PSII的含量增大; (b) PSI的比值图; (c) 从PSI比值图中选出的两个代表性发射光谱, BS细胞中的光谱1展示了PSI的主要贡献, 相对于光谱1, MS细胞的光谱2中PSII的贡献显著性增大^[61]

Figure 14. (a) Schematic of a leaf cross-section from a C4 plant, the bundle sheath (BS) cells with small PSII/PSI ratios are near the vascular bundle (VB), the mesophyll (MS) cells with large PSII/PSI ratios are far away from VB; (b) ratio map of PSI component; (c) low-temperature emission spectra were selected from two intracellular regions^[61].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 光谱信号的种类及其功能, 圆环和叉符号分别代表已实现和未实现的项目; 三角符号代表已实现但尚未使用在光合作用研究中的项目

Table 1. Type of spectral source used in the optical microscope, the circular and cross symbols represent completed and uncompleted projects, respectively; the triangle symbol represents projects that have been realized but have not yet been used in photosynthesis research.

信号源	主要功能	单细胞检测	单分子探测	低温
吸收光谱	叶绿素分子的电子基态, 绝对分子浓度的评估	◎	×	×
荧光激发光谱	捕光天线蛋白的探测, 能量传递路径的定性分析	◎	◎	◎
荧光发射光谱	两个光系统的表征, 荧光淬灭的表征	◎	◎	◎
荧光寿命	发射分子的激发态动力学表征, 量子收率的测量	◎	◎	◎
自发拉曼光谱	检测弱荧光或非荧光分子, 例如胡萝卜素等	◎	Δ	Δ

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Butler W, Kitajima M 1975 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 396 72 Google Scholar
[2]	Wendler J, Holzwarth A R 1987 Biophys. J. 52 717 Google Scholar
[3]	Delosme R, Olive J, Wollman F A 1996 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1273 150 Google Scholar
[4]	Koblížek M, Komenda J, Masojídek J 1998 Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects (Springer) pp213–216
[5]	Iwai M, Yokono M, Inada N, Minagawa J 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 2337 Google Scholar
[6]	Minagawa J 2011 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1807 897 Google Scholar
[7]	Tian L J, Dinc E, Croce R 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 2339 Google Scholar
[8]	Bressan M, Dall'Osto L, Bargigia I, Alcocer M J, Viola D, Cerullo G, D'Andrea C, Bassi R, Ballottari M 2016 Nat. Plants 2 16131 Google Scholar
[9]	Dinc E, Tian L, Roy L M, Roth R, Goodenough U, Croce R 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113 7673 Google Scholar
[10]	Dickson R M, Cubitt A B, Tsien R Y, Moerner W E 1997 Nature 388 355 Google Scholar
[11]	Jelezko F, Tietz C, Gerken U, Wrachtrup J, Bittl R 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 8093 Google Scholar
[12]	Brecht M, Studier H, Radics V, Nieder J B, Bittl R 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 17487 Google Scholar
[13]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Kohler J, Freiberg A 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 12020 Google Scholar
[14]	Schorner M, Beyer S R, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Kohler J 2015 J. Phys. Chem. B 119 13964 Google Scholar
[15]	Kondo T, Gordon J B, Pinnola A, Dall’Osto L, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen G S 2019 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116 11247 Google Scholar
[16]	Kondo T, Mutoh R, Arai S, Kurisu G, Oh-Oka H, Fujiyoshi S, Matsushita M 2022 J. Chem. Phys. 156 105102 Google Scholar
[17]	Kondo T, Shibata Y 2022 Biophys. Physicobiol. 19 e190013 Google Scholar
[18]	Li H, Wang Y G, Ye M P, Li S S, Li D Y, Ren H S, Wang M H, Du L C, Li H, Veglia G, G J L, Weng Y X 2020 Sci. China Chem. 63 1121 Google Scholar
[19]	Ruan M X, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhao R Q, Zhang J, Wang Y J, Gao J L, Wang Z, Wang Y X, Sun D P, Ding W, Weng Y X 2023 Nat. Plants 9 1547 Google Scholar
[20]	Elber R, Karplus M 1987 Science 235 318 Google Scholar
[21]	Frauenfelder H, Sligar S G, Wolynes P G 1991 Science 254 1598 Google Scholar
[22]	Hofmann C, Aartsma T J, Michel H, Köhler J 2003 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 15534 Google Scholar
[23]	Bopp M A, Jia Y W, Li L Q, Cogdell R J, Hochstrasser R M 1997 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 10630 Google Scholar
[24]	Rutkauskas D, Novoderezkhin V, Cogdell R J, van Grondelle R 2004 Biochemistry 43 4431 Google Scholar
[25]	Elli A F, Jelezko F, Tietz C, Studier H, Brecht M, Bittl R, Wrachtrup J 2006 Biochemistry 45 1454 Google Scholar
[26]	Brecht M, Studier H, Elli A F, Jelezko F, Bittl R 2007 Biochemistry 46 799 Google Scholar
[27]	Matsushita M 2008 Seibutsu Butsuri 48 035 Google Scholar
[28]	Brotosudarmo T H, Kunz R, Bohm P, Gardiner A T, Moulisova V, Cogdell R J, Kohler J 2009 Biophys. J. 97 1491 Google Scholar
[29]	Kondo T, Chen W J, Schlau-Cohen G S 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 860 Google Scholar
[30]	Squires A H, Wang Q, Moerner W 2017 Biophys. J. 112 471a
[31]	Hatazaki S, Sharma D K, Hirata S, Nose K, Iyoda T, Kölsch A, Lokstein H, Vacha M 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 6669 Google Scholar
[32]	Jana S, Du T, Nagao R, Noguchi T, Shibata Y 2019 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860 30 Google Scholar
[33]	Otomo K, Dewa T, Matsushita M, Fujiyoshi S 2023 J. Phys. Chem. B 127 4959 Google Scholar
[34]	Zhang X J, Taniguchi R, Nagao R, Tomo T, Noguchi T, Ye S, Shibata Y 2024 J. Phys. Chem. B 128 2664 Google Scholar
[35]	Müller P, Li X P, Niyogi K K 2001 Plant Physiol. 125 1558 Google Scholar
[36]	Wollman F A 2001 EMBO J 20 3623 Google Scholar
[37]	Kanazawa A, Kramer D M 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 12789 Google Scholar
[38]	Rozak P, Seiser R, Wacholtz W, Wise R 2002 Plant Cell Environ. 25 421 Google Scholar
[39]	Bellafiore S, Barneche F, Peltier G, Rochaix J D 2005 Nature 433 892 Google Scholar
[40]	Wientjes E, van Amerongen H, Croce R 2013 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1827 420 Google Scholar
[41]	Ünlü C, Drop B, Croce R, van Amerongen H 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111 3460 Google Scholar
[42]	Kim E, Ahn T K, Kumazaki S 2015 Plant Cell Physiol. 56 759 Google Scholar
[43]	Nawrocki W J, Santabarbara S, Mosebach L, Wollman F A, Rappaport F 2016 Nat. Plants 2 16031 Google Scholar
[44]	de la Cruz Valbuena G, VA Camargo F, Borrego-Varillas R, Perozeni F, D’Andrea C, Ballottari M, Cerullo G 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 2500 Google Scholar
[45]	Calzadilla P I, Kirilovsky D 2020 Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 19 585 Google Scholar
[46]	Huang Z H, Shen L L, Wang W D, Mao Z Y, Yi X H, Kuang T Y, Shen J R, Zhang X, Han G Y 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1100 Google Scholar
[47]	Huokko T, Ni T, Dykes G F, Simpson D M, Brownridge P, Conradi F D, Beynon R J, Nixon P J, Mullineaux C W, Zhang P 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 3475 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhang X J, Fujita Y, Tokutsu R, Minagawa J, Ye S, Shibata Y 2021 Plant Cell Physiol. 62 872 Google Scholar
[49]	Zhang X J, Fujita Y, Kaneda N, Tokutsu R, Ye S, Minagawa J, Shibata Y 2022 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 119 e2122032119 Google Scholar
[50]	Hamel P, Olive J, Pierre Y, Wollman F A, de Vitry C 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 275 17072 Google Scholar
[51]	Finazzi G, Rappaport F, Furia A, Fleischmann M, Rochaix J D, Zito F, Forti G 2002 EMBO Rep. 3 280 Google Scholar
[52]	Munekage Y, Hojo M, Meurer J, Endo T, Tasaka M, Shikanai T 2002 Cell 110 361 Google Scholar
[53]	DalCorso G, Pesaresi P, Masiero S, Aseeva E, Schünemann D, Finazzi G, Joliot P, Barbato R, Leister D 2008 Cell 132 273 Google Scholar
[54]	Krause G, Briantais J M, Vernotte C 1983 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 723 169 Google Scholar
[55]	Fujita Y, Ito W, Washiyama K, Shibata Y 2018 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 185 111 Google Scholar
[56]	Fujita Y, Zhang X J, Mohamed A, Ye S, Shibata Y 2022 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 236 112584 Google Scholar
[57]	Uniacke J, Zerges W 2007 Plant Cell 19 3640 Google Scholar
[58]	Nixon P J, Michoux F, Yu J, Boehm M, Komenda J 2010 Ann. Bot. 106 1 Google Scholar
[59]	Nickelsen J, Rengstl B 2013 Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 64 609 Google Scholar
[60]	Nellaepalli S, Ozawa S I, Kuroda H, Takahashi Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2439 Google Scholar
[61]	Chiba T, Shibata Y 2019 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860 148090 Google Scholar
[62]	Croce R, Van Amerongen H 2014 Nat. Chem. Biol. 10 492 Google Scholar
[63]	Suvorov N, Pogorilyy V, Diachkova E, Vasil’ev Y, Mironov A, Grin M 2021 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 6392 Google Scholar
[64]	Oviedo M B, Sánchez C G 2011 J. Phys. Chem. A 115 12280 Google Scholar
[65]	Fuchs B M, Spring S, Teeling H, Quast C, Wulf J, Schattenhofer M, Yan S, Ferriera S, Johnson J, Glöckner F O 2007 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 2891 Google Scholar
[66]	Wasielewski M R, Kispert L D 1986 Chem. Phys. Lett. 128 238 Google Scholar
[67]	Son M, Hart S M, Schlau-Cohen G S 2021 Trends Chem. 3 733 Google Scholar
[68]	Zhang X J, Shibata Y, Kumazaki S 2023 J. Photochem. Photobiol. C. 56 100616 Google Scholar
[69]	Suga M, Ozawa S I, Yoshida-Motomura K, Akita F, Miyazaki N, Takahashi Y 2019 Nat. Plants 5 626 Google Scholar
[70]	Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt H T, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauß N 2001 Nature 411 909 Google Scholar
[71]	Brecht M 2009 Mol. Phys. 107 1955 Google Scholar
[72]	Hussels M, Brecht M 2011 Biochemistry 50 3628 Google Scholar
[73]	Köhler J, Cogdell R J 2019 Metabolism, Structure and Function of Plant Tetrapyrroles: Control Mechanisms of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Analysis of Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins pp1–31
[74]	Hayes J, Matsuzaki S, Rätsep M, Small G 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 5625 Google Scholar
[75]	Rätsep M, Johnson T, Chitnis P, Small G 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 836 Google Scholar
[76]	Zazubovich V, Matsuzaki S, Johnson T, Hayes J, Chitnis P, Small G 2002 Chem. Phys. 275 47 Google Scholar
[77]	Riley K J, Reinot T, Jankowiak R, Fromme P, Zazubovich V 2007 J. Phys. Chem. B 111 286 Google Scholar
[78]	Skandary S, Konrad A, Hussels M, Meixner A J, Brecht M 2015 J. Phys. Chem. B 119 13888 Google Scholar
[79]	Kato K, Shinoda T, Nagao R, Akimoto S, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Chen M, Allakhverdiev S I, Shen J R, Akita F 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 238 Google Scholar
[80]	Toporik H, Khmelnitskiy A, Dobson Z, Riddle R, Williams D, Lin S, Jankowiak R, Mazor Y 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 5279 Google Scholar
[81]	Çoruh O, Frank A, Tanaka H, Kawamoto A, El-Mohsnawy E, Kato T, Namba K, Gerle C, Nowaczyk M M, Kurisu G 2021 Commun. Biol. 4 304 Google Scholar
[82]	Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Nagao R, Kawakami K, Ueno Y, Suzuki T, Uchida H, Murakami A, Nakajima Y, Yokono M 2022 Elife 11 e73990 Google Scholar
[83]	Akita F, Nagao R, Kato K, Nakajima Y, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Shen J R, Akimoto S 2020 Commu. Biol. 3 232 Google Scholar
[84]	Klar T A, Jakobs S, Dyba M, Egner A, Hell S W 2000 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 8206 Google Scholar
[85]	Giske A 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Heidelberg: Heidelberg University
[86]	Ambrose W P, Basche T, Moerner W E 1991 J. Chem. Phys. 95 7150 Google Scholar
[87]	Vacha M, Yokoyama H, Tokizaki T, Furuki M, Tani T 1999 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70 2041 Google Scholar
[88]	Jasny J, Sepiol J, Irngartinger T, Traber M, Renn A, Wild U P 1996 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67 1425 Google Scholar
[89]	Fujiyoshi S, Fujiwara M, Kim C, Matsushita M, van Oijen A M, Schmidt J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 051125 Google Scholar
[90]	Vàcha F, Vacha M, Bumba L, Hashizume K, Tani T 2000 Photosynthetica 38 493 Google Scholar
[91]	Vácha F, Sarafis V, Benediktyová Z, Bumba L, Valenta J, Vácha M, Sheue C R, Nedbal L 2007 Micron 38 170 Google Scholar
[92]	Sugiura K, Itoh S 2012 Plant Cell Physiol. 53 1492 Google Scholar
[93]	Breunig H G, Tumer F, Konig K 2013 J. Biophotonics 6 622 Google Scholar
[94]	Shibata Y, Katoh W, Tahara Y 2013 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1827 520 Google Scholar
[95]	Steinbach G, Schubert F, Kana R 2015 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 152 395 Google Scholar
[96]	Fujiwara M, Ishii T, Ishida K, Toratani Y, Furubayashi T, Matsushita M, Fujiyoshi S 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 033701 Google Scholar
[97]	Yoshimoto M 2000 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 6105 Google Scholar
[98]	Shibata Y, Katoh W, Chiba T, Namie K, Ohnishi N, Minagawa J, Nakanishi H, Noguchi T, Fukumura H 2014 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1837 880 Google Scholar
[99]	Metzger M, Konrad A, Skandary S, Ashraf I, Meixner A J, Brecht M 2016 Opt. Express 24 13023 Google Scholar
[100]	Wang L, Bateman B, Zanetti-Domingues L C, Moores A N, Astbury S, Spindloe C, Darrow M C, Romano M, Needham S R, Beis K, Rolfe D J, Clarke D T, Martin-Fernandez M L 2019 Commun. Biol. 2 74 Google Scholar
[101]	Huebinger J, Grecco H, Masip M E, Christmann J, Fuhr G R, Bastiaens P I H 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabk0882 Google Scholar
[102]	Yamanaka M, Tsuji K, Kumamoto Y, Tamura S, Miyamura W, Kubo T, Mizushima K, Kono K, Hirano H, Sugiura K 2023 bioRxiv 2023.08. 01.551103
[103]	Hasegawa M, Yoshida T, Yabuta M, Terazima M, Kumazaki S 2011 J. Phys. Chem. B 115 4184 Google Scholar
[104]	van Oijen A M, Ketelaars M, Kohler J, Aartsma T J, Schmidt J 1999 Science 285 400 Google Scholar
[105]	Jana S, Shibata Y 2020 Biophys. J. 118 36 Google Scholar
[106]	Girolomoni L, Cazzaniga S, Pinnola A, Perozeni F, Ballottari M, Bassi R 2019 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116 4212 Google Scholar
[107]	Kondo T, Pinnola A, Chen W J, Dall'Osto L, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen G S 2017 Nat. Chem. 9 772 Google Scholar
[108]	Barzda V, de Grauw C J, Vroom J, Kleima F J, van Grondelle R, van Amerongen H, Gerritsen H C 2001 Biophys. J. 81 538 Google Scholar
[109]	Barzda V, Gulbinas V, Kananavicius R, Cervinskas V, Van Amerongen H, Van Grondelle R, Valkunas L 2001 Biophys. J. 80 2409 Google Scholar
[110]	Robert B 2009 Photosynth. Res. 101 147 Google Scholar
[111]	Tamamizu K, Kumazaki S 2019 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1860 78 Google Scholar
[112]	Tamamizu K, Sakamoto T, Kurashige Y, Nozue S, Kumazaki S 2023 Spectrochimica Acta. Part A 290 122258 Google Scholar
[113]	Wu H W, Volponi J V, Oliver A E, Parikh A N, Simmons B A, Singh S 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 3809 Google Scholar
[114]	Gall A, Pascal A A, Robert B 2015 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1847 12 Google Scholar
[115]	Mizushima K, Kumamoto Y, Tamura S, Yamanaka M, Mochizuki K, Li M, Egoshi S, Dodo K, Harada Y, Smith N I 2023 bioRxiv 2023.11. 15.567077
[116]	Jiang S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Hu C R, Liao M H, Luo Y, Yang J L, Dong Z C, Hou J G 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 865 Google Scholar
[117]	Hasegawa M, Shiina T, Terazima M, Kumazaki S 2010 Plant Cell Physiol. 51 225 Google Scholar
[118]	Gitelson A A, Buschmann C, Lichtenthaler H K 1998 J. Plant Physiol. 152 283 Google Scholar
[119]	Watkins L P, Yang H 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 617 Google Scholar
[120]	Schlau-Cohen G S, Wang Q, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Moerner W 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110 10899 Google Scholar
[121]	Schlau-Cohen G S, Yang H-Y, Krüger T P, Xu P, Gwizdala M, Van Grondelle R, Croce R, Moerner W 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 860 Google Scholar
[122]	Goldsmith R H, Moerner W 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 179 Google Scholar
[123]	Allorent G, Lefebvre-Legendre L, Chappuis R, Kuntz M, Truong T B, Niyogi K K, Ulm R, Goldschmidt-Clermont M 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113 14864 Google Scholar
[124]	Tokutsu R, Fujimura-Kamada K, Yamasaki T, Okajima K, Minagawa J 2021 Plant Physiol. 185 1894 Google Scholar
[125]	Horton P, Wentworth M, Ruban A 2005 FEBS Lett. 579 4201 Google Scholar
[126]	Liguori N, Roy L M, Opacic M, Durand G, Croce R 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 18339 Google Scholar
[127]	Holub O, Seufferheld M J, Gohlke C, Govindjee, Clegg R M 2000 Photosynthetica 38 581 Google Scholar
[128]	Holub O, Seufferheld M, Gohlke C, Govindjee, Heiss G, Clegg R 2007 J. Microsc. 226 90 Google Scholar
[129]	Kumazaki S, Akari M, Hasegawa M 2013 Plant Physiology 161 1321 Google Scholar
[130]	Nozue S, Mukuno A, Tsuda Y, Shiina T, Terazima M, Kumazaki S 2016 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1857 46 Google Scholar
[131]	Tamarat P, Maali A, Lounis B, Orrit M 2000 J. Phys. Chem. A 104 1 Google Scholar
[132]	Kaufmann R, Hagen C, Grunewald K 2014 Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 20 86 Google Scholar
[133]	Nabhan M A, Silvera Batista C A, Cliffel D E, Jennings G K 2023 ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 5 3278 Google Scholar
[134]	Gust A, Zander A, Gietl A, Holzmeister P, Schulz S, Lalkens B, Tinnefeld P, Grohmann D 2014 Molecules 19 15824 Google Scholar
[135]	Paul T, Myong S 2022 STAR Protocols 3 101152 Google Scholar
[136]	Cohen A E, Moerner W 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 093109 Google Scholar
[137]	Brotosudarmo T H P, Wittmann B, Seki S, Fujii R, Köhler J r 2022 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13 5226 Google Scholar
[138]	Basché T, Moerner W, Orrit M, Talon H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 1516 Google Scholar
[139]	Hussels M, Brecht M 2011 FEBS Lett. 585 2445 Google Scholar
[140]	Zhang X J, Fujita Y, Kaneda N, Tokutsu R, Ye S, Minagawa J, Shibata Y 2021 bioRxiv 2021.10. 27.465227
[141]	Moerner W, Fromm D P 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 3597 Google Scholar
[142]	Brecht M, Radics V, Nieder J B, Bittl R 2009 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 11857 Google Scholar
[143]	Ishii K, Tahara T 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 11423 Google Scholar
[144]	Ishii K, Tahara T 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 11414 Google Scholar
[145]	Sarkar B, Ishii K, Tahara T 2024 J. Phys. Chem. B 128 4685 Google Scholar
[146]	Wang D H, Fiebig O C, Harris D, Toporik H, Ji Y, Chuang C, Nairat M, Tong A L, Ogren J I, Hart S M 2023 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 120 e2220477120 Google Scholar
[147]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Freiberg A, Kohler J 2014 Biophys. J. 106 2008 Google Scholar
[148]	翁羽翔 2007 物理 36 816 Google Scholar Weng Y X 2007 Physics 36 816 Google Scholar
[149]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Freiberg A, Köhler J r 2012 J. Phys. Chem. B 116 11017 Google Scholar
[150]	Kunz R, Timpmann K, Southall J, Cogdell R J, Freiberg A, Köhler J 2013 Angew. Chem. 52 8726 Google Scholar
[151]	冷轩, 王专, 翁羽翔 2016 植物生理学报 52 1681 Leng X, Wang Z, Weng Y X 2016 Plant Physiol. J. 52 1681
[152]	Hildner R, Brinks D, Nieder J B, Cogdell R J, Van Hulst N F 2013 Science 340 1448 Google Scholar
[153]	Pålsson L-O, Dekker J P, Schlodder E, Monshouwer R, van Grondelle R 1996 Photosynth. Res. 48 239 Google Scholar
[154]	Beekman L M, Frese R N, Fowler G J, Picorel R, Cogdell R J, van Stokkum I H, Hunter C N, van Grondelle R 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 7293 Google Scholar
[155]	Schlodder E, Hussels M, Çetin M, Karapetyan N V, Brecht M 2011 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1807 1423 Google Scholar
[156]	Liu Z F, Yan C H, Wang K B, Kuang T Y, Zhang J P, Gui L L, An X M, Chang W R 2004 Nature 428 287 Google Scholar
[157]	Snellenburg J J, Wlodarczyk L M, Dekker J P, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum I H 2017 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1858 64 Google Scholar
[158]	Nellaepalli S, Ozawal S I, Kuroda H, Takahashi Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1 Google Scholar
[159]	Ozawa S I, Onishi T, Takahashi Y 2010 J. Biol. Chem. 285 20072 Google Scholar
[160]	Shao S X 2017 Ph. D. Dissertation (London: Imperial College London
[161]	Shibata K 1957 J. Biochem. 44 147 Google Scholar
[162]	Schuster G, Ohad I, Martineau B, Taylor W C 1985 J. Biol. Chem. 260 11866 Google Scholar
[163]	Franck F, Eullaffroy P, Popovic R 1997 Photosynth. Res. 51 107 Google Scholar
[164]	Sundqvist C, Dahlin C 1997 Physiol. Plant. 100 748 Google Scholar
[165]	Marchand M, Dewez D, Franck F, Popovic R 2004 J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 75 73 Google Scholar
[166]	Amirjani M, Sundqvist C 2006 Photosynthetica 44 83 Google Scholar
[167]	Peng L W, Ma J F, Chi W, Guo J K, Zhu S Y, Lu Q T, Lu C M, Zhang L X 2006 Plant Cell 18 955 Google Scholar
[168]	Kovacevic D, Dewez D, Popovic R 2007 Photosynthetica 45 105 Google Scholar
[169]	Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780 Google Scholar
[170]	Blom H, Widengren J 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 7377 Google Scholar
[171]	Kozawa Y, Nakamura T, Uesugi Y, Sato S 2022 Biomed. Opt. Express 13 1702 Google Scholar
[172]	Komura M, Itoh S 2009 Photosynth. Res. 101 119 Google Scholar
[173]	Kusumi A, Tsuji A, Murata M, Sako Y, Yoshizawa A C, Kagiwada S, Hayakawa T, Ohnishi S 1991 Biochemistry 30 6517 Google Scholar
[174]	Biskup C, Zimmer T, Benndorf K 2004 Nat. Biotechnol. 22 220 Google Scholar
[175]	Liu L X, Li Y H, Sun L G, Li H, Peng X, Qu J L Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIV pp307-311
[176]	Yoneda T, Tanimoto Y, Takagi D, Morigaki K 2020 Langmuir 36 5863 Google Scholar
[177]	Meredith S A, Yoneda T, Hancock A M, Connell S D, Evans S D, Morigaki K, Adams P G 2021 Small 17 2006608 Google Scholar
[178]	Harris D, Toporik H, Schlau-Cohen G S, Mazor Y 2023 Nat. Commun. 14 4650 Google Scholar
[179]	Onoa B, Fukuda S, Iwai M, Bustamante C, Niyogi K K 2020 Biophys. J. 118 1876 Google Scholar
[180]	Yang K S, Chan F Y, Watanabe H, Yoshioka S, Inouye Y, Uchihashi T, Ishitobi H, Verma P, Umakoshi T 2024 Nano Lett. 24 2805 Google Scholar

[1]	Zhang Yang, Zhang Zhi-Hao, Wang Yu-Jian, Xue Xiao-Lan, Chen Ling-Xiu, Shi Li-Wei. Polarization modulation scanning optical microscopy method. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(15): 157801. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240688
[2]	Yang Dong, Li Zhong-Wen, Tian Yuan, Sun Shuai-Shuai, Tian Huan-Fang, Yang Huai-Xin, Li Jian-Qi. Photo-emission electron gun and electron optical simulation for ultrafast scanning electron microscope. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(22): 222901. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20241245
[3]	Wang Xiao-Ying, Xing Yu-Ting, Chen Run-Zhi, Jia Xue-Qi, Wu Ji-Hua, Jiang Jin, Li Lian-Yong, Chang Guo-Qing. Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic microscopy driven by femtosecond sources based on self-phase modulation enabled spectral selection. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(10): 104204. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212282
[4]	Yang Xu-Yun, Chen Yong-Cong, Lu Wen-Bin, Zhu Xiao-Mei, Ao Ping. Energy transfer in photosynthesis mediated by resonant confinement of exciton-polariton. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(23): 234202. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221412
[5]	Chen Hao, Tian Jian-Min, Sun Xue-Jian, Lü Ke-Zhen, Xu Li-Hua, Li Hong-Rong. Influence of the light excitation on energy transfer in a multi-pigments light-harvesting model of photosynthesis. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(10): 104203. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211960
[6]	Zhang Yu-Xiang, Peng Yi-Tian, Lang Hao-Jie. Controllable nano-friction of graphene surface by fabricating nanoscale patterning based on atomic force microscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(10): 106801. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200124
[7]	Deng Chang-Fa, Yan Shao-An, Wang Dong, Peng Jin-Feng, Zheng Xue-Jun. Optically modulated electromechanical coupling properties of single GaN nanobelt based on conductive atomic force microscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(23): 237304. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191097
[8]	Shi Ying, Li Yao, Zhou Hai-Tao, Chen Rui-Yun, Zhang Guo-Feng, Qin Cheng-Bing, Gao Yan, Xiao Lian-Tuan, Jia Suo-Tang. Real-time measurement of dynamic evolution of absorption and emission properties of chromophores in single conjugated polymer molecules. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(4): 048201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181986
[9]	Zhang Guo-Feng, Li Bin, Chen Rui-Yun, Qin Cheng-Bing, Gao Yan, Xiao Lian-Tuan, Jia Suo-Tang. Single-molecule probes revealed dynamics of confined nano-regions in miscible polymer blends. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(14): 148201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190423
[10]	Li Hong-Yu, Zhang Qiang, Wang Chun-Ling, Yang Fu-Lin, Zhao Jian-Hua. The influences of air heat storage, plant photosynthesis and soil water movement on surface energy balance over the loess plateau. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(15): 159201. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.159201
[11]	Ji Chao, Zhang Ling-Yun, Dou Shuo-Xing, Wang Peng-Ye. A new method to deal with biomacromolecularimage observed by atomic force microscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(9): 098703. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.098703
[12]	Wang Xiao, Pan An-Lian, Liu Dan, Bai Yong-Qiang, Zhang Zhao-Hui, Zou Bing-Suo, Zhu Xing. Near-field detected photoluminescence spectra of CdS0.65Se0.35 nanoribbon at room temperature. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(11): 6352-6357. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.6352
[13]	Hu Hai-Long, Zhang Kun, Wang Zhen-Xing, Wang Xiao-Ping. Study of the transport properties of self-assembled alkanethiol monolayer by conduction atomic force microscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(3): 1430-1434. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.1430
[14]	Zhang Zhao-Xiang, Zhang Geng-Min, Hou Shi-Min, Zhang Hao, Gu Zhen-Nan, Liu Wei-Min, Zhao Xing-Yu, Xue Zeng-Quan. FEM study on the influence of oxygen on field emission of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(5): 1282-1286. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.1282
[15]	SUN JIAN-PING, ZHANG ZHAO-XIANG, HOU SHI-MIN, ZHAO XING-YU, SHI ZU-JIN, GU ZHEN-NAN, LIU WEI-MIN, XUE ZENG-QUAN. A STUDY OF FIELD EMISSION OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBONNANOTUBES USING FIELD EMISSION MICROSCOPY. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(9): 1805-1809. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.1805
[16]	QI DONG-PING, LIU DE-LI, TENG SHU-YUN, ZHANG NING-YU, CHENG CHUAN-FU. MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE AND LIGHT SCATTERING STUDY FOR RANDOM SCATTERING SCREENS. Acta Physica Sinica, 2000, 49(7): 1260-1266. doi: 10.7498/aps.49.1260
[17]	WANG ZI-YANG, LI QIN, ZHAO JUN, GUO JI-HUA. STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT INTENSITY OF THE FIBER PROBE OF TRANSMISSION SCANNING NEAR FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF EXCITED FLUORESCE NT MOLECULES. Acta Physica Sinica, 2000, 49(10): 1959-1964. doi: 10.7498/aps.49.1959
[18]	LING YONG, XUE QI-KUN, CHEN HAO-MING, T.SAKURAI. STUDY ON GROWTH OF C60 MOLECULES ON GaAs(001) SUBSTRATE BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY. Acta Physica Sinica, 1997, 46(8): 1559-1566. doi: 10.7498/aps.46.1559
[19]	YANG CUI-YING, ZHANG DAO-FAN, WU XING, ZHOU YU-QING, FENG GUO-GUANG. ANALYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF DEFECTS IN PHOTOREFRACTIVE BaTiO3 CRYSTAL. Acta Physica Sinica, 1989, 38(12): 2003-2007. doi: 10.7498/aps.38.2003
[20]	ZHANG SHU-YI, YU CHAO, MIAO YONG-ZHI, TANG ZHENG-YAN, GAO DUN-TANG. SCANNING PHOTOACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY. Acta Physica Sinica, 1982, 31(5): 704-708. doi: 10.7498/aps.31.704

Catalog

Vol. 73, Issue 22 - 2024-11-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 364
PDF Downloads: 20
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板