Fabrication of high-performance flexible perovskite solar cells based on synergistic passivation strategy

Wang Hui; Zheng De-Xu; Jiang Xiao; Cao Yue-Xian; Du Min-Yong; Wang Kai; Liu Sheng-Zhong; Zhang Chun-Fu

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231846

Abstract

Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the scientific community due to their lightweight nature, high flexibility, and superior power-to-mass ratio. One of the most effective strategies for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of these cells involves addressing grain boundary defects within the perovskite films and interfacial defects between the perovskite films and charge transport layers. In this work, we optimize the performance of inverted flexible perovskite solar cell by using octadecylamine hydrochloride (OACl) as both an additive and a surface passivating agent to achieve synergistic passivation to the bulk phase and surface. The incorporation of OACl in the perovskite precursor solution results in the enlarging of the perovskite crystal grains, enhancing crystallinity, and passivating of grain boundary defects within the perovskite film. This optimization leads the open-circuit voltage to increase from 1.07 to 1.12 V, fill factor from 70.86% to 75.04%, and power conversion efficiency from 18.08% to 20.12%. In addition, the OACl solution is used to passivate the surface of perovskite film, resulting in a smoother perovskite surface, fill the grain boundaries, and reduce the defect density on the perovskite surface. As a result, the optimized device exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V, fill factor of 76.15%, and ultimately achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.80% for flexible perovskite solar cells. The synergistic passivation strategy based on OACl used in this work provides an effective approach for fabricating efficient flexible perovskite solar cells.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
3.
China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing 100045, China

Corresponding author: Liu Sheng-Zhong, szliu@dicp.ac.cn ; Zhang Chun-Fu, cfzhang@xidian.edu.cn

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References

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Cited By

图 1 钙钛矿薄膜的SEM图片　(a)空白钙钛矿薄膜; (b) OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜; (c) OACl添加剂及表面钝化的钙钛矿薄膜. (d) 钙钛矿薄膜晶粒尺寸数量分布柱状图

Figure 1. SEM images of perovskite film: (a) Control perovskite film; (b) perovskite with OACl doping; (c) perovskite with OACl doping and interface modification. (d) Column chart of corresponding sizes counted by the SEM images.

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图 2 钙钛矿薄膜AFM图片　(a) 空白钙钛矿薄膜; (b) OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜; (c) OACl添加剂及表面钝化的钙钛矿薄膜

Figure 2. AFM images of perovskite film: (a) Control perovskite film; (b) perovskite with OACl doping; (c) perovskite with OACl doping and interface modification.

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图 3 钙钛矿薄膜的XRD图谱

Figure 3. XRD patterns of perovskite film.

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图 4 对不同的钙钛矿薄膜表征　(a) PL图谱; (b) TRPL图谱

Figure 4. Different perovskite films were characterized: (a) PL results; (b) TRPL results.

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图 5 钙钛矿薄膜的SCLC图谱

Figure 5. SCLC results for perovskite film.

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图 6 钙钛矿薄膜制备的柔性电池的J-V曲线图

Figure 6. J-V curves for solar cells prepared by perovskite films.

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图 7 钙钛矿薄膜制备的柔性电池的莫特-肖特基电化学曲线

Figure 7. Mott-Schottky electrochemical curves of flexible cells prepared by perovskite films.

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表 1 空白钙钛矿薄膜, OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜, OACl添加剂及表面钝化钙钛矿薄膜的TRPL光谱拟合参数

Table 1. Fitted parameters of control perovskite film, perovskite with OACl doping, perovskite with OACl doping and interface modification from TRPL spectra.

	T₁/ns	A₁	T₂/ns	A₂	T_average/ns
Control	54.23	95.56	354.90	222.11	336.35
With doping	163.20	212.90	473.90	150.93	372.34
With doping & interface	352.50	229.85	715.80	28.98	426.55

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 空白钙钛矿薄膜所制备的柔性电池, OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜所制备的柔性电池, OACl添加剂及表面钝化钙钛矿薄膜所制备的柔性电池的参数

Table 2. Photovoltaic parameters for control perovskite solar cells, perovskite solar cells with OACl doping, and perovskite solar cells with OACl doping and interface modification.

		V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA⋅cm^–2)	FF/%	PCE/%
Control	Champion	1.07	23.86	70.86	18.08
Control	Average	1.06	23.35	71.60	17.70
With doping	Champion	1.12	23.84	75.04	20.12
With doping	Average	1.12	23.28	74.71	19.47
With doping & interface	Champion	1.15	23.81	76.15	20.80
With doping & interface	Average	1.13	23.56	75.14	20.07

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Jeong J, Kim M, Seo J, Lu H, Ahlawat P, Mishra A, Yang Y, Hope M A, Eickemeyer F T, Kim M, Yoon Y J, Choi I W, Darwich B P, Choi S J, Jo Y, Lee J H, Walker B, Zakeeruddin S M, Emsley L, Rothlisberger U, Hagfeldt A, Kim D S, Grätzel M, Kim J Y 2021 Nature 592 381 Google Scholar
[2]	Jiang Q, Tong J, Xian Y, Kerner R A, Dunfield S P, Xiao C, Scheidt R A, Kuciauskas D, Wang X, Hautzinger M P, Tirawat R, Beard M C, Fenning D P, Berry J J, Larson B W, Yan Y, Zhu K 2022 Nature 611 278 Google Scholar
[3]	Best Research-Cell Efficiencies https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html.[2023-11-3]
[4]	Yang D, Yang R, Wang K, Wu C, Zhu X, Feng J, Ren X, Fang G, Priya S, Liu S F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3239 Google Scholar
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[9]	Wang H, Jiang X, Cao Y, Qian L, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhang C, Hao Y, Wang K, Liu S 2023 Adv. Energy Mater . 13 2202643 Google Scholar
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[15]	Li X, Fu S, Liu S, Wu Y, Zhang W, Song W, Fang J 2019 Nano Energy 64 103962 Google Scholar
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[17]	Gharibzadeh S, Fassl P, Hossain I M, Rohrbeck P, Frericks M, Schmidt M, Duong T, Khan M R, Abzieher T, Nejand B A, Schackmar F, Almora O, Feeney T, Singh R, Fuchs D, Lemmer U, Hofmann J P, Weber S A L, Paetzold U W 2021 Energy Environ. Sci. 14 5875 Google Scholar
[18]	Bai S, Da P, Li C, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Fu F, Kawecki M, Liu X, Sakai N, Wang J T W, Huettner S, Buecheler S, Fahlman M, Gao F, Snaith H J 2019 Nature 571 245 Google Scholar
[19]	Chen S, Liu Y, Xiao X, Yu Z, Deng Y, Dai X, Ni Z, Huang J 2020 Joule 4 2661 Google Scholar
[20]	Luo D, Yang W, Wang Z, Sadhanala A, Hu Q, Su R, Shivanna R, Trindade G F, Watts J F, Xu Z, Liu T, Chen K, Ye F, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu J, Tu Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang W, Friend R H, Gong Q, Snaith H J, Zhu R 2018 Science 360 1442 Google Scholar
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[28]	An Z, Zhu Y, Luo G, Hou P, Hu M, Li W, Huang F, Cheng Y B, Park H, Lu J 2023 Adv. Energy Mater. 13 2302732 Google Scholar
[29]	Dong Q, Chen M, Liu Y, Eickemeyer F T, Zhao W, Dai Z, Yin Y, Jiang C, Feng J, Jin S, Liu S, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M, Padture N P, Shi Y 2021 Joule 5 1587 Google Scholar
[30]	Jiang X, Subhani W S, Wang K, Wang H, Duan L, Du M, Pang S, Liu S 2021 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 8 2001994 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhang Y, Kim S G, Lee D, Shin H, Park N G 2019 Energy Environ. Sci 12 308 Google Scholar
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Vol. 73, Issue 7 - 2024-04-05

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