Performance analysis of thermoelectric system based on radiative cooling and greenhouse effects

Chen Hao; Wang Cun-Hai; Cheng Zi-Ming; Wei Lin-Yang; Wang Fu-Qiang; Zhang Xin-Xin

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210356

Abstract

Electricity power has served as an essential source in our daily life. However, some remote areas that are difficult to be covered by the power grid, are still facing a serious shortage of electricity for outdoor equipment such as field monitors. Off-grid power is the alternative power in such areas, but there arise apparently economic and environmental problems. Therefore, the development of portable, pollution-free and sustainable power supply equipment has vital research significance. In this paper, based on the radiative cooling and greenhouse effects, a passive thermoelectric system without any active energy input is proposed. A square copper plate coated with a thin film of acrylic acid doped with SiO₂ particles, with an average emissivity value of 0.937, is selected as a radiative cooling material. The commercial polyolefin film with a thickness of 0.12 mm is selected as a greenhouse material. The radiative cooling effect cools the cold end of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) during the nighttime, the greenhouse effect during the daytime is utilized to increase the temperature of the hot end of the TEG. The radiative cooling effect and the greenhouse effect both result in the increase of the temperature difference between the cold and hot ends, and thus obtaining the output power. During the period of time from June 17 to June 21, 2020, the performance of the designed system at the location of Shaanxi, China was evaluated experimentally, and the weather condition effects were also studied. The experimental results show that a stable temperature drop of ～1.1 ℃ of the cold end is achieved via the radiative cooling effect at night. Owing to the greenhouse effect, the temperature increase of the hot end reaches a maximum value of 13.9 ℃. When the average ambient humidity decreases from 45% to 20%, the average temperature difference between the hot end and cold end of the thermoelectric module increased from 1.6 to 1.9 ℃ throughout the day, and the average power increased from 47.8 to 67.3 mW/m², indicating that the equipment can have better power generation performance under the condition of 20% ambient humidity. The device developed in this work realizes all-day passive output and shows that it has potential applications in off-grid power supplies.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of New Energy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
3.
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

Corresponding author: Wang Cun-Hai, wangcunhai@ustb.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51906014) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. FRF-BD-20-09A)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 基于辐射制冷-温室效应温差发电系统　(a)示意图; (b) 实物图

Figure 1. Thermoelectric system based on radiative cooling and greenhouse effects: (a) Sketch; (b) real setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 辐射制冷结构　(a) 实物图; (b) SiO₂/丙烯酸薄膜的电子显微图; (c) 大气窗口范围内的光谱发射率

Figure 2. Radiative cooling structure: (a) The real structure; (b) the electron micrograph of the SiO₂/acrylic film; (c) the spectral emissivity within the atmosphere window.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 2020年6月17日至18日热端温度、环境温度和温差的分布; (b) 6月18日8:00—12:00时间段内热端温度低于环境温度的数据点分布

Figure 3. (a) Distributions of the hot side temperature, ambient temperature, and the temperature difference during June 17–18, 2020; (b) data points at which the hot end temperature is lower than the ambient temperature during the time from 8:00 to 12:00 on the day of June 18, 2020.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 2020年6月19日至21日热电模块的冷热端温度和温差; (b) 热电模块冷热端温差在2020年6月20日12:00到17:00时间段内的分布

Figure 4. (a) Temperature of the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator, as well as the temperature difference during June 19–21, 2020; (b) temperature difference between the time of 12:00 and 17:00 on June 20, 2020.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 不同环境湿度条件下温度对比　(a)冷热端温度分布; (b) 温差分布

Figure 5. Temperature comparisons under different ambient humidity: (a) Temperature of the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric module; (b) temperature difference.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

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