Real-time absolute distance measurement by multi-wavelength interferometry synchronously multi-channel phase-locked to frequency comb and analysis for the potential non-ambiguity range

Wang Guo-Chao; Li Xing-Hui; Yan Shu-Hua; Tan Li-Long; Guan Wen-Liang

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201225

Abstract

Optical frequency combs of the femtosecond laser have been widely used in time-frequency technology and precision spectrum measurement. The absolute ranging technology derived from time-frequency characteristics of the optical frequency comb is expected to become the incomparable means of length metrology and distance measurement in the future due to its traceability to time-frequency standard and capability of large scale and high precision. This paper proposes a real-time absolute ranging method with multi-wavelength interferometry referenced to optical frequency comb, which enables multiple continuous-wave lasers to be synchronously calibrated to selected modes of the frequency comb by means of optical phase-locked loop. With synchronous phase measurement and calculation with excess fraction algorithm, absolute distance measurement by multi-wavelength interferometry is ultimately fulfilled. The proposed measurement method can not only retain high resolution and high accuracy of traditional laser interferometry, but also can be traced to a time-frequency reference, which is of metrological significance to high-precision length and distance measurement, especially to the definition of “meter” for physical reproduction. Measured results for ranging experiments have proved that the non-ambiguity range of the four-wavelength interferometer reaches 44.6 mm, and fluctuations of air refractive index cause the non-ambiguity range change with the order of nanometers. Through theoretical analysis, it is pointed out that the non-ambiguity range of the multi-wavelength interferometer in the actual measurement environment is restricted by the calculated error of air refractive index, especially the estimation accuracy and fluctuation degree of the refractive index relationship between wavelengths. And in a good laboratory conditions, the non-ambiguity range of real-time absolute ranging by frequency-comb-calibrated multi-wavelength interferometry can reach several meters or even tens of meters. At the same time, a 2-meter linear displacement comparison has been carried out, the P.V. value of the residual errors for linear fitting is 36.1 nm, and such residual errors match the magnitude of uncertainty of air refractive index calculated by empirical formula, which prove that the multi-wavelength interferometry can perform meter-level absolute ranging. The proposed research can be directly applied to precision manufacturing of large-scale semiconductors up to several meters, and is beneficial to promoting the accuracy of laser ranging for space mission.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
High-tec Institute of Xi’an, Xi’an 710025, China
2.
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
3.
College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
4.
Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Corresponding author: Wang Guo-Chao, wgc.19850414@163.com ; Li Xing-Hui, li.xinghui@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51705523) and the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2018JQ5026)

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References

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[48]	Minoshima K, Arai K, Inaba H 2011 Opt. Express 19 26095 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 基于飞秒光梳多路同步锁相的多波长干涉测距原理及非模糊度量程示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the synthetic wavelengths and measuring NAR of Frequency-Comb-Referenced Multi-Wavelength Interferometry.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 多波长干涉实时绝对测距系统. FBGA, 光纤光栅滤波阵列; OPLL, 光学锁相环; OS, 光开关; WM, 波长计; FC, 光纤耦合器; AOM, 声光调制器; C, 准直器; M, 反射镜; BS, 分光棱镜; DM, 双色镜; RR, 角锥反射镜; PDA, 光电探测器阵列

Figure 2. Schematic configuration diagram of real-time absolute distance measurement by Frequency-Comb-Referenced Multi-Wavelength Interferometry.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 多波长光源和相位测量结果　(a) 多波长发生器光谱测量结果; (b) 锁频激光的频率稳定度分析结果; (c) 多路同步相位解调实时测量结果

Figure 3. Test results for preparation of real-time and meter-scale absolute distance measurement: (a) Parallel generated four wavelengths for MWI; (b) frequency stability evaluation; (c) simultaneously detected phases for MWI in real time.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 验证NAR的线性位移对比实验

Figure 4. Linear comparison between ADM by MWI and displacement by HPI for NAR demonstration.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 空气折射率变化对NAR的影响　(a) 空气折射率的波动情况; (b) 理论NAR受空气折射率影响的计算结果

Figure 5. Influence of air refractive index on NAR: (a) Fluctuation of air refractive index for observation of 272 s;. (b) calculated result of theoretical NAR under the fluctuation of air refractive index.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 $\alpha = {\beta _i} \cdot \left( {{n_1} - {n_i}} \right)$随参数变化的波动大小　(a) $ {\beta _i} \cdot \left( {{n_1} - {n_i}} \right) $随波长间距变化的波动仿真结果; (b)${\beta _i} \cdot \left( {{n_1} - {n_i}} \right)$随温度变化时的波动仿真结果, 波长间隔为25 nm, 波长选定为1555 nm

Figure 6. Influences of the parameter variations on the value of ${\beta _i} \cdot \left( {{n_1} - {n_i}} \right)$: (a) Fluctuation of ${\beta _i} \cdot \left( {{n_1} - {n_i}} \right)$ as variations of wavelength gap; (b) fluctuation of ${\beta _i} \cdot \left( {{n_1} - {n_i}} \right)$ as variations of ambient temperature.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 MWI与商用激光干涉仪的2 m线性位移对比实验结果

Figure 7. Linear comparison between MWI and the commercial laser interferometer over a 2.0-meter displacement.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	Berkovic G, Shafir E 2012 Adv. Opt. Photon. 4 441 Google Scholar
[2]	Estler W T, Edmundson K L, Peggs G N, Parker D H 2002 CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 51 587 Google Scholar
[3]	Manske E, Jager G, Hausotte T, Fub R 2012 Meas. Sci. Technol. 23 074001 Google Scholar
[4]	Bobroff N 1993 Meas. Sci. Technol. 4 907 Google Scholar
[5]	Lay O P, Dubovitsky S, Peters R D, Burger J P, Steier W H 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 890 Google Scholar
[6]	Bourdet G L, Orszag A G 1979 Appl. Opt. 18 225 Google Scholar
[7]	Zimmermann E, Salvadé Y, Dändliker R 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 531 Google Scholar
[8]	Meiners-Hagen K, Schoedel R, Pollinger F, Abou-Zeid A 2009 Meas. Sci. Rev. 9 16 Google Scholar
[9]	Dändliker R, Thalmann R, Prongue D 1988 Opt. Lett. 13 339 Google Scholar
[10]	Groot P 2001 Opt. Eng. 40 28 Google Scholar
[11]	时光, 张福民, 曲兴华, 孟祥松 2014 63 184209 Google Scholar Shi G, Zhang F M, Qu X H, Meng X S 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 184209 Google Scholar
[12]	Coe P A, Howell D F, Nickerson R B 2004 Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 2175 Google Scholar
[13]	Williams C C, Wickramasinghe H K 1989 Opt. Lett. 145 42 Google Scholar
[14]	Diddams S A, Jones D J, Ye J, Cundiff S T, Hall J L, Ranka J K, Windeler R S, Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5102 Google Scholar
[15]	Udem T, Holzwarth R, Hansch T W 2002 Nature 416 233 Google Scholar
[16]	Jones D J, Diddams S A, Ranka J K, Stentz A, Windeler R W, Hall J L, Cundiff S T 2000 Science 288 635 Google Scholar
[17]	Minoshima K, Matsumoto H 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 5512 Google Scholar
[18]	王国超, 颜树华, 杨俊, 林存宝, 杨东兴, 邹鹏飞 2013 62 070601 Google Scholar Wang G C, Yan S H, Yang J, Lin C B, Yang D X, Zou P F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 070601 Google Scholar
[19]	张晓声, 易旺民, 胡明皓, 杨再华, 吴冠豪 2016 65 080602 Google Scholar Zhang X S, Yi W M, Hu M H, Yang Z H, Wu G H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 080602 Google Scholar
[20]	Lee J, Kim Y J, Lee K, Lee S, Kim S W 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 716 Google Scholar
[21]	秦鹏, 陈伟, 宋有建, 胡明列, 柴路, 王清月 2012 61 240601 Google Scholar Qin P, Chen W, Song Y J, Hu M L, Chai L, Wang C Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 240601 Google Scholar
[22]	Coddington I, Swann W C, Nenadovic L, Newbury N R 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 351 Google Scholar
[23]	Lee J, Han S, Lee K, Bae E, Kim S, Lee S, Kim S W, Kim Y J 2013 Meas. Sci. Technol. 24 045201 Google Scholar
[24]	Joo K N, Kim S W 2006 Opt. Express 14 5954 Google Scholar
[25]	Van den Berg S A, Persijn S T, Kok G, Zeitouny M G, Bhattacharya N 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 183901 Google Scholar
[26]	Wang G C, Jang Y S, Hyun S, Chun B J, Kang H J, Yan S H, Kim S W, Kim Y J 2015 Opt. Express 23 9121 Google Scholar
[27]	Hyun S, Kim Y J, Kim Y, Jin J, Kim S W 2009 Meas. Sci. Technol. 20 095302 Google Scholar
[28]	Jang Y S, Wang G C, Hyun S, Kang H J, Chun B J, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 31770 Google Scholar
[29]	Ye J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1153 Google Scholar
[30]	Wei D, Takahashi S, Takamasu K, Matsumoto H 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2775 Google Scholar
[31]	孟祥松, 张福民, 曲兴华 2015 23 230601 Google Scholar Meng X S, Zhang F M, Qu X H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 23 230601 Google Scholar
[32]	Kim S W 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 313 Google Scholar
[33]	姜海峰 2018 67 160602 Google Scholar Jiang H F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 160602 Google Scholar
[34]	Chun B J, Hyun S, Kim S, Kim S W, Kim Y J 2013 Opt. Express 21 29179 Google Scholar
[35]	Felder R 2003 Metrologia 42 323 Google Scholar
[36]	Wei D, Takamasu K, Matsumoto H 2013 Precis. Eng. 37 694 Google Scholar
[37]	Tilford C R 1977 Appl. Opt. 16 1857 Google Scholar
[38]	王国超, 魏春华, 颜树华 2014 光学学报 34 111 Google Scholar Wang G C, Wei C H, Yan S H 2014 Acta Optic. Sin. 34 111 Google Scholar
[39]	Falaggis K, Towers D P, Towers C E 2013 Appl. Opt. 52 5758 Google Scholar
[40]	Towers C E, Towers D P, Julian D C 2004 Opt. Express 12 1136 Google Scholar
[41]	Ma L, Zucco M, Picard S 2003 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9 1066 Google Scholar
[42]	王国超, 谭立龙, 颜树华, 魏春华 2017 光学学报 37 160 Google Scholar Wang G C, Wei C H, Yan S H 2017 Acta Optic. Sin. 37 160 Google Scholar
[43]	Hyun S, Kim Y J, Kim Y, Kim S W 2010 CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Techn. 59 555 Google Scholar
[44]	王国超 2015 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学) Wang G C 2015 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Defense Technology) (in Chinese)
[45]	Ciddor P E 1996 Appl. Opt. 35 1566 Google Scholar
[46]	Birch K P, Downs M J 1993 Metrologia 30 155 Google Scholar
[47]	Wu G H, Takahashi M, Arai K, Inaba H, Minoshima K 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1894 Google Scholar
[48]	Minoshima K, Arai K, Inaba H 2011 Opt. Express 19 26095 Google Scholar

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