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在工业现场或室外长距离测距场景中, 空气折射率难以精确测量且修正过程复杂, 其是影响精密测距的关键因素. 为此, 本文提出了一种基于光频梳的多脉冲光谱干涉绝对测距方法, 建立了相应的数学模型, 分析了利用伪时域同步确定测量光路群折射率和被测距离的方法, 通过微调重复频率和差分计算, 将测距范围由传统光谱干涉测距的非模糊范围拓展至任意长度, 并进行了大量的数值模拟和分析. 模拟结果表明, 当参考间距为0.1 m时, 群折射率测量的绝对误差最大为0.12×10–6; 在考虑空气折射率测量误差的情况下, 被测距离在0—200 m时的测距误差最大为33 nm; 在大气条件发生改变时, 通过实时修正群折射率波动引入的测距误差, 最终测距误差最大为38 nm, 保证了在大量程测距中亚微米级的测距精度. 研究结果表明, 该方法可以应用于大尺寸高精度的绝对距离测量 .In industrial sites and outdoor long-distance measurements, the difficulty in accurately measuring and correcting the refractive index of air is a critical factor affecting precise distance measurement. In order to develop a simple, long-range, and high-precision absolute distance measurement technique, in this work an absolute distance measurement method is presented based on multi-pulse spectral interferometry by using an optical frequency comb. This method can dynamically correct the measurement errors introduced by group refractive index fluctuations. Firstly, a mathematical model for multi-pulses spectral interferometry is established. By performing a single Fourier transform on the multi-pulses spectral interference signal, the time delay measured in the pseudo-time domain can be used to simultaneously determine the group refractive index of the measurement path and the measured distance. Secondly, by fine-tuning the repetition frequency and using difference computation, the measurement range can be extended from the non-ambiguity range of traditional spectral interferometry to arbitrary lengths. Finally, extensive numerical simulations and analyses are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that with a reference distance of 0.1 m, the maximum absolute error in group refractive index measurement is 0.12×10–6, and the maximum distance measurement error is 33 nm in a range of 0—200 m. In order to measure the group refractive index in real time under changing atmospheric conditions and compensate for ranging errors caused by changes in air refractive index, even under changing atmospheric conditions, the maximum distance measurement error is 38 nm, ensuring sub-micron-level measurement accuracy over long distances. The research results indicate that this method can be applied to large-scale and high-precision absolute distance measurement.
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Keywords:
- optical frequency comb /
- multi-pulses spectral interferometry /
- absolute distance measurement /
- air refractive index
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图 2 多脉冲光谱干涉条纹和时间延迟 (a)频域; (b)伪时域
Fig. 2. Multi-pulses spectral interferometry and time delay: (a) Frequency domain; (b) pseduo-time domain.
图 4 参考距离d与群折射率$ {n_{\text{g}}} $之间的关系
Fig. 4. Measurement errors of $ {n_{\text{g}}} $ by different d.
图 7 大气环境条件改变时的测距误差 (a)温度升高1 ℃; (b)湿度增大15%; (c)气压提高100 Pa; (d)CO2的体积分数增大10–4
Fig. 7. Range errors by different atmosphere conditions: (a) Temperature increase by 1 ℃; (b) humidity increase by 15%; (c) air pressure increase by 100 Pa; (d) CO2 content increase by 10–4.
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