Generation and research progress of femtosecond optical frequency combs in extreme ultraviolet

Zheng Li; Liu Han; Wang Hui-Bo; Wang Ge-Yang; Jiang Jian-Wang; Han Hai-Nian; Zhu Jiang-Feng; Wei Zhi-Yi

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200851

Abstract

Femtosecond optical frequency combs have revolutionized the precision measurement of optical frequency and ultrafast science. Furthermore, the frequency combs expended to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelength could provide an effective tool in attosecond pulse generation, nonlinear optics in ultraviolet, spectroscopy of electronic transitions and experiment of quantum electrodynamics. XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs need to be indirectly obtained by means of high-harmonic generation (HHG) drived by femtosecond pulses with high-repetition rate and extremely high peak power. In this review, firstly, the generation principle and the driving laser source requirements of femtosecond pulses generation in XUV spectral range are introduced. Basing on the requirements of driving laser sources, the several femtosecond laser amplification techniques are described, such as chirped pulse amplification (CPA), optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA), double cladding pumped fiber amplifier and femtosecond enhancement cavity (fsEC). Meanwhile, the relative merits and applicability of which for XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs generation are compared. Secondly, in the HHG process, the XUV is generated collinearly or non-collinearly with the optical driving field. For the collinear generation process, one of the fundamental challenges is the design of a high-efficiency XUV output coupler. Here, three methods for out-coupling the XUV are expounded. Also, the theory of non-collinear XUV generation is mentioned. Finally, some typical research progress of XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs generation based on fsEC, OPCPA and femtosecond oscillators are reviewed respectively, as well as the current problems that need to be optimized are summarized.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Han Hai-Nian, hnhan@iphy.ac.cn ; Zhu Jiang-Feng, jfzhu@xidian.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774277, 60808007), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.JB190501, ZD2006), and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi, China (Grant No.2019JCW-03)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 高次谐波与XUV飞秒光学频率梳光谱

Figure 1. Spectrum of High-Harmonic generation and XUV optical frequency comb

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 啁啾脉冲放大技术

Figure 2. Chirped pulse amplification

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 光参量啁啾脉冲放大技术

Figure 3. Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

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图 4 F-P腔的相干脉冲放大：(a)时域中; (b)频域中

Figure 4. Coherent pulse amplification in F-P cavity: (a)Time domain; (b)frequency domain.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 布儒斯特片以及衍射光栅镜耦合输出XUV：(a)布儒斯特片;(b)衍射光栅镜

Figure 5. XUV output coupling by Brewster plate and grating mirror: (a)Brewster plate; (b)grating mirror.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 高次谐波通过腔镜中的一个小孔耦合输出

Figure 6. The output coupling of high-harmonic light from a small aperture in one of the cavity mirrors.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a)XUV输出耦合器照片; (b)镜子表面小孔的近距离照片^[51]

Figure 7. (a)Photograph of a XUV output coupler; (b)close-up photograph of aperture in the mirror surface^[51].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 飞秒共振增强腔中的非共线高次谐波产生

Figure 8. Non-collinear high harmonic generation in femtosecond enhancement cavity

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图 9 fsEC腔内高次谐波产生实验装置^[43]

Figure 9. Schematic setup of high-harmonic generation in fsEC^[43]

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图 10 OPCPA系统驱动XUV飞秒光学频率梳产生^[9]

Figure 10. XUV femtosecond optical frequency comb generation drived by OPCPA system^[9]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 薄片振荡器内产生高次谐波实验装置^[82]

Figure 11. Experimental setup of HHG in a thin-disk laser oscillator^[82]

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map

[1]	Eckstein J N, Ferguson A I, Hänsch T W 1978 Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 847 Google Scholar
[2]	Baird K M, Evenson K M, Hanes G R, Jennings D A, Petersen F R 1979 Opt. Lett. 4 263 Google Scholar
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[11]	Peik E, Tamm C 2003 Europhys. Lett. 61 181 Google Scholar
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[13]	Campbell C J, Radnaev A G, Kuzmich A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 223001 Google Scholar
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[15]	Berengut J C, Dzuba V A, Flambaum V V, Ong A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 210802 Google Scholar
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[19]	Macklin J J, Kmetec J D, Gordon C L 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 766 Google Scholar
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[21]	Popmintchev T, Chen M, Popmintchev D, Arpin P, Brown S, Alisauskas S, Andriukaitis G, Balciunas T, Mucke O D, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Shim B, Schrauth S E, Gaeta A L, Hernandezgarcia C, Plaja L, Becker A, Jaronbecker A, Mumane M M, Kapteyn H C 2012 Science 336 1287 Google Scholar
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[39]	Moll K D, Jones R J, Ye J 2005 Opt. Express 13 1672 Google Scholar
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[41]	Pupeza I, Fill E E, Krausz F 2011 Opt. Express 19 12108 Google Scholar
[42]	Mills A K, Hammond T J, Lam M H, Jones D J 2012 J. Phys. B 45 142001 Google Scholar
[43]	Jones R J, Moll K D, Thorpe M J, Ye J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 193201 Google Scholar
[44]	Gohle C, Udem T, Rauschenberger J, Holzwarth R, Herrmann M G, Schuessler H A, Krausz F, Hänsch T W 2005 Nature 436 234 Google Scholar
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[46]	Yost D C, Schibli T R, Ye J 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1099 Google Scholar
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[65]	Hao Q, Li W X, Zeng H P 2009 Opt. Express 17 5815 Google Scholar
[66]	Bernhardt B, Ozawa A, Pupeza I, Vernaleken A, Kobayashi Y, Holzwarth R, Fill E E, Krausz F, Hänsch T W, Udem T 2011 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference Baltimore, United States, 1–6 May, 2011 pQTuF3
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