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A structure containing substrate/narrow groove metal grating/covering layer/graphene is constructed. The operational principle of the structure is based on the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance excited by the metal grating and the Fabry-Prot (FP) resonance supported by the narrow grating groove. Double-channel absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene is realized in the visible range, and a simplified model is used to estimate the locations of the double-absorption channels. At the wavelengths of 462 nm and 768 nm, the light absorption efficiencies of graphene are 35.6% and 40.1%, respectively, which are more than 15.5 times the intrinsic light absorption of the monolayer graphene. Further analysis shows that the energy of the absorption peak at the short-wavelength position mainly concentrates on the surface of the metal grating, which has an obvious characteristic of the SPP mode. The resonant wavelength of SPP=476 nm, estimated by the simplified model, is basically consistent with the location of the short-wavelength absorption peak at 1=462 nm. The absorption characteristics are less affected by the thickness of the covering layer, the depth and width of the groove. For the long-wavelength absorption peak at 2=768 nm, the energy of the light field in the structure is mainly localized in the metal groove, which has a significant cavity resonance characteristic. Because the SPP resonance generates a strong electromagnetic coupling in the metal groove, the energy of the optical field is strongly confined by the grating groove. The localized light field energy gradually leaks out and is absorbed by the graphene layer above the groove, resulting in a significant increase in the light absorption efficiency of the graphene. The resonance position estimated by the FP cavity resonance model is 658 nm, which is larger than the actual absorption peak position 2=768 nm. This is because the exact length of the FP cavity is affected by the thickness of the SiO2 covering layer, and the presence of the SiO2 covering layer will enlarge the exact length of the FP cavity. To further increase the depth of the groove, the agreement between the estimated resonance position and the actual absorption peak will continue to increase. However, the increase of the thickness of the SiO2 covering layer will weaken the magnetic field enhancement effect in the groove, resulting in the decrease of light absorption efficiency of the structure and graphene. Since the absorption enhancement at the long-wavelength peak originates from the FP resonance in the narrow groove, it exhibits a good angle-insensitive absorption characteristic. The double-channel absorption enhancement of graphene based on the narrow grooved gratings may have potential applications in the fields of photodetection and solar cells.
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Keywords:
- narrow groove /
- metal grating /
- graphene /
- double-channel
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[1] Bonaccorso F, Sun Z, Hasan T, Ferrari A C 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 611
[2] Nair R R, Blake P, Grigorenko A N, Novoselov K S, Booth T J, Stauber T, Peres N M R, Geim A K 2008 Science 320 1308
[3] Pirruccio G, Martn M L, Lozano G, Gmez R J 2013 ACS Nano 7 4810
[4] Lee S, Tran T Q, Kim M, Heo H, Heo J, Kim S 2015 Opt. Express 23 33350
[5] Zheng G, Zhang H, Xu L, Liu Y 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 2274
[6] Wang R, Sang T, Wang L, Gao J, Wang Y, Wang J 2018 Optik 157 651
[7] Sang T, Wang R, Li J, Zhou J, Wang Y 2018 Opt. Commun. 413 255
[8] Furchi M, Urich A, Pospischil A, Lilley G, Unterrainer K, Detz H, Klang P, Andrews A M, Schrenk W, Strasser G, Mueller T 2012 Nano Lett. 12 2773
[9] Liang Z J, Liu H X, Niu Y X, Yin Y H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 138501 (in Chinese) [梁振江, 刘海霞, 牛燕雄, 尹贻恒 2016 65 138501]
[10] Lu H, Cumming B P, Gu M 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 3647
[11] Song S, Chen Q, Jin L, Sun F 2013 Nanoscale 5 9615
[12] Zhao B, Zhao J M, Zhang Z M 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 31905
[13] Cai Y, Zhu J, Liu Q H 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 43105
[14] Wang W, Klots A, Yang Y, Li W, Kravchenko I I, Briggs D P, Bolotin K I, Valentine J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 181104
[15] Zheng G, Zou X, Chen Y, Xu L, Liu Y 2017 Plasmonics 12 1177
[16] Thareja V, Kang J H, Yuan H, Milaninia K M, Hwang H Y, Cui Y, Kik P G, Brongersma M L 2015 Nano Lett. 15 1570
[17] Xia S X, Zhai X, Huang Y, Liu J Q, Wang L L, Wen S C 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 3052
[18] Zhu B, Ren G, Zheng S, Lin Z, Jian S 2013 Opt. Commun. 308 204
[19] Lu H, Gan X, Jia B, Mao D, Zhao J 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 4743
[20] Hu J H, Huang Y Q, Duan X F, Wang Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Ren X M 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 221113
[21] Liu J T, Liu N H, Li J, Li X J, Huang J H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 52104
[22] Ke S, Wang B, Huang H, Long H, Wang K, Lu P 2015 Opt. Express 23 8888
[23] Guo C C, Zhu Z H, Yuan X D, Ye W M, Liu K, Zhang J F, Xu W, Qin S Q 2016 Adv. Opt. Mater. 4 1955
[24] Su Z, Yin J, Zhao X 2015 Opt. Express 23 1679
[25] Zhan T R, Zhao F Y, Hu X H, Liu X H, Zi J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 165416
[26] Pu M, Chen P, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang C, Huang C, Hu C, Luo X 2013 Opt. Express 21 11618
[27] Iorsh I V, Shadrivov I V, Belov P A, Kivshar Y S 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 195422
[28] Deng B, Guo Q, Li C, Wang H, Ling X, Farmer D B, Han S, Kong J, Xia F 2016 ACS Nano 10 11172
[29] Wu P C, Papasimakis N, Tsai D P 2016 Phys. Rev. Appl. 6 44019
[30] Liu B, Tang C, Chen J, Wang Q, Pei M, Tang H 2017 Opt. Express 25 12061
[31] Hanson G W 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 64302
[32] Wu J, Zhou C, Yu J, Cao H, Li S, Jia W 2014 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26 949
[33] Wu Y K R, Hollowell A E, Zhang C, Guo L J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1194
[34] Shao H, Wang J, Liu D, Hu Z D, Xia X, Sang T 2017 Plasmonics 12 361
[35] Chu J K, Wang Q Y, Wang Z W, Wang L D 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 164206 (in Chinese) [褚金奎, 王倩怡, 王志文, 王立鼎 2015 64 164206]
[36] Sang T, Wang Z, Wang L, Wu Y, Chen L 2006 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8 62
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