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The ozone layer which absorbs harmful solar UV radiation is a necessary umbrella for human beings and biosphere. A large amount of alkyl halide including freon exhausted by human into the atmosphere poses a great threat to the ozone layer. Freon dissociates into the product of halogen radical, like Br and Cl, induced by UV sunlight radiation, which is found to be the main culprit for the destruction of atmospheric ozone. In this paper, time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry and velocity map imaging technique are employed for investigating the multiphoton dissociation dynamics of Freon F114B2 (C2F4Br2) induced by femtosecond UV radiation at 267 nm. Fragment mass spectra of C2F4Br2 under UV radiation at 266 nm are obtained by TOF mass spectrometry. Three daughter ions C2F4Br+, C2F4+ and CF2Br+are discovered together with the parent ions C2F4Br2+. And three corresponding photodissociation mechanisms are concluded as follows: 1) C2F4Br2+C2F4Br++Br with single CBr bond breaking and direct production of Br radical; 2) C2F4Br2+C2F4++2Br with double CBr bonds breaking and production of two Br radical; 3) C2F4Br2+CF2Br++CF2Br with CC bond breaking. Velocity map images of the strongest daughter ion C2F4Br+with CBr breaking are measured by imaging apparatus. The kinetic energy distribution of C2F4Br+ ions is obtained from the measured velocity map images. And it can be well fitted by three Gaussian curves which describe normal distribution. It indicates that the production of the fragment C2F4Br+ stems from three different dissociation channels. Additional photodissociation dynamics is obtained by analyzing the angular distribution of the measured image. The values of anisotropy parameter are measured to be 0.1 (for the low energy channel), 0.8 (for the middle energy channel) and 1.4 (for the high energy channel) for the fragment C2F4Br+, respectively. The ratios of parallel transition to perpendicular transition are determined for three different channels. In addition, density functional theory calculations are also performed for further analysis and discussion. The optimized geometries of ground state and ionic state of C2F4Br2 are obtained and compared at the level of B3LYP/6-311G++(d, p). The calculated information about ionic states, including energy level and oscillator strength for the ionic excited states, are given.
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Keywords:
- Freon114b2 /
- photodissociation /
- velocity map imaging /
- femtosecond ultrafast
[1] Molina M J, Rowland F S 1974 Nature 249 810
[2] Satyanarayana M D V, Kotaiah B 2012 IOSR J. Engineer. 2 2250
[3] Farman J C, Gardiner B G, Shanklin J D 1985 Nature 315 207
[4] Butler J H, Battle M, Bender M L, Montzka S A, Brarke A D, Saltzman E S, Sucher C M, Severinghaus J P, Elkins J W 1999 Nature 399 749
[5] Wang D S, Kim M S, Choe J C, Ha T K 2001 J. Chem. Phys. 115 5454
[6] Schiermeier Q 2007 Nature 449 382
[7] Hobe M 2007 Science 318 1878
[8] Zuiderweg A, Kaiser J, Laube J C, Rockmann T, Holzinger R 2011 Atmos Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11 33173
[9] Liu Y Z, Chen Y Y, Zheng G G, Jin F, Knopp G 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 053302 (in Chinese) [刘玉柱, 陈云云, 郑改革, 金峰, Gregor Knopp 2016 65 053302]
[10] Liu Y Z, Xiao S R, Wang J F, He Z F, Qiu X J, Knopp G 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 113301 (in Chinese) [刘玉柱, 肖韶荣, 王俊锋, 何仲福, 邱学军, Gregor Knopp 2016 65 113301]
[11] Eppink A T J B, Parker D H 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 3477
[12] Parker D H, Eppink A T J B 1997 J. Chem. Phys. 107 2357
[13] Liu Y Z, Xiao S R, Zhang C Y, Zheng G G, Chen Y Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 193301 (in Chinese) [刘玉柱, 肖韶荣, 张成义, 郑改革, 陈云云2012 61 193301]
[14] Frisch M J, Trucks G W, Schlegel H B, et al. 2009 Gaussian 09 Revision E.01 Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT
[15] Chau F T, McDowell C A 1976 J. Phys. Chem. 80 2923
[16] Dribinski V, Ossadtchi A, Mandelshtam V A, Reisler H 2002 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 2634
[17] Zare R N 1972 Mol. Photochem. 4 1
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[1] Molina M J, Rowland F S 1974 Nature 249 810
[2] Satyanarayana M D V, Kotaiah B 2012 IOSR J. Engineer. 2 2250
[3] Farman J C, Gardiner B G, Shanklin J D 1985 Nature 315 207
[4] Butler J H, Battle M, Bender M L, Montzka S A, Brarke A D, Saltzman E S, Sucher C M, Severinghaus J P, Elkins J W 1999 Nature 399 749
[5] Wang D S, Kim M S, Choe J C, Ha T K 2001 J. Chem. Phys. 115 5454
[6] Schiermeier Q 2007 Nature 449 382
[7] Hobe M 2007 Science 318 1878
[8] Zuiderweg A, Kaiser J, Laube J C, Rockmann T, Holzinger R 2011 Atmos Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11 33173
[9] Liu Y Z, Chen Y Y, Zheng G G, Jin F, Knopp G 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 053302 (in Chinese) [刘玉柱, 陈云云, 郑改革, 金峰, Gregor Knopp 2016 65 053302]
[10] Liu Y Z, Xiao S R, Wang J F, He Z F, Qiu X J, Knopp G 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 113301 (in Chinese) [刘玉柱, 肖韶荣, 王俊锋, 何仲福, 邱学军, Gregor Knopp 2016 65 113301]
[11] Eppink A T J B, Parker D H 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 3477
[12] Parker D H, Eppink A T J B 1997 J. Chem. Phys. 107 2357
[13] Liu Y Z, Xiao S R, Zhang C Y, Zheng G G, Chen Y Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 193301 (in Chinese) [刘玉柱, 肖韶荣, 张成义, 郑改革, 陈云云2012 61 193301]
[14] Frisch M J, Trucks G W, Schlegel H B, et al. 2009 Gaussian 09 Revision E.01 Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT
[15] Chau F T, McDowell C A 1976 J. Phys. Chem. 80 2923
[16] Dribinski V, Ossadtchi A, Mandelshtam V A, Reisler H 2002 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 2634
[17] Zare R N 1972 Mol. Photochem. 4 1
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