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Nowadays, the studies of the influence of oxygen vacancy on forming impurity level of ZnO have obtained contrary conclusions. The experimental results about both the deep impurity level and the shallow impurity level are reported. However, under the high temperature heating condition, the origin of free electron increasing in conduction band of ZnO with oxygen vacancy is not sufficiently understood. To slove this problem, according to the first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential of the density functional theory, we set up the models for a pure ZnO cell and two different oxygen vacancy concentration supercells of ZnO, and perform the geometrical optimization for three models. The density of state, band structure, population and differential electron density are also calculated. Calculation results indicate that with the increase of oxygen vacancy concentration, the total energy increases and the formation energy will be greater. It makes the stability decline and the oxygen vacancy harder. Meanwhile, its conduction band minimum shifts toward low energy, the electron transition width decreases, and the absorption spectrum is red-shifted. It shows that these results may be helpful for the future experimental design and also for the preparation of optical device with oxygen vacancy of ZnO.
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Keywords:
- oxygen vacancy of ZnO /
- electronic structure /
- absorption spectrum /
- first-principles
[1] Yu A, Qian J S, Pan H, Cui Y M, Xu M G, Tu L, Chai Q L, Zhou X F 2011 Sensor Actuat. B 158 9
[2] Razali R, Zak A K, Majid W H A, Darroudi M 2011 Ceram. Int. 37 3657
[3] Vinodkumar R, Lethy K J, Beena D, Detty A P, Navas I, Nayar U V, Pillai V P M, Ganesan V, Reddy V R 2010 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 94 68
[4] Karamdel J, Dee C F, Majlis B Y 2010 Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 6164
[5] Ye N, Chen C C 2012 Opt. Mater. 34 753
[6] Lin B X, Fu Z X, Jia Y B 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 943
[7] Gao D, Zhang J, Yang G J, Qi J, Si M S, Xue D S 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 16405
[8] Li G R, Hu T, Pan G L, Yan T Y, Gao X P, Zhu H Y 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 11859
[9] Cheng L, Zhang Z Y, Shao J X 2011 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 27 846 (in Chinese) [成丽, 张子英, 邵建新 2011 物理化学学报 27 846]
[10] Zhao J L, Zhang W Q, Li X M, Feng J W, Shi X 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 1495
[11] Halliburton L E, Giles N C, Garces N Y, Luo M, Xu C C, Bai L H, Boatner L A 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 172108
[12] Vlasenko L S, Watkins G D 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 125210
[13] Clark S J, Segall M D, Pickard C J, Hasnip P J, Probert M I J, Refson K, Payne M C 2005 Z. Kristallogr. 220 567
[14] Xu X G, Zhang D L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Li X Q, Yang H L, Jiang Y 2012 Rare Metals 31 107
[15] Zhang D L, Xu X G, Wang W, Zhang X, Yang H L, Wu Y, Ma C Z, Jiang Y 2012 Rare Metals 31 112
[16] Janotti A, Vander W C G 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 165202
[17] Chen L J, Hou Z F, Zhu Z Z, Yang Y 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 2229 (in Chinese) [陈丽娟, 侯柱锋, 朱梓忠, 杨勇 2003 52 2229]
[18] Erhart P, Albe K, Klein A 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 205203
[19] Mapa M, Sivaranjani K, Bhange D S, Saha B, Chakraborty P, Viswanath A K, Gopinath C S 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 565
[20] Look D C, Hemsky J W, Sizelove J R 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2552
[21] Shen X C 2002 Semiconductor Spectroscopy and Optical Properties (Beijing: Science Press) pp136-137 (in Chinese) [沈学础 2002 半导体光谱和光学性质(第二版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第136–137页]
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[1] Yu A, Qian J S, Pan H, Cui Y M, Xu M G, Tu L, Chai Q L, Zhou X F 2011 Sensor Actuat. B 158 9
[2] Razali R, Zak A K, Majid W H A, Darroudi M 2011 Ceram. Int. 37 3657
[3] Vinodkumar R, Lethy K J, Beena D, Detty A P, Navas I, Nayar U V, Pillai V P M, Ganesan V, Reddy V R 2010 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 94 68
[4] Karamdel J, Dee C F, Majlis B Y 2010 Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 6164
[5] Ye N, Chen C C 2012 Opt. Mater. 34 753
[6] Lin B X, Fu Z X, Jia Y B 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 943
[7] Gao D, Zhang J, Yang G J, Qi J, Si M S, Xue D S 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 16405
[8] Li G R, Hu T, Pan G L, Yan T Y, Gao X P, Zhu H Y 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 11859
[9] Cheng L, Zhang Z Y, Shao J X 2011 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 27 846 (in Chinese) [成丽, 张子英, 邵建新 2011 物理化学学报 27 846]
[10] Zhao J L, Zhang W Q, Li X M, Feng J W, Shi X 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 1495
[11] Halliburton L E, Giles N C, Garces N Y, Luo M, Xu C C, Bai L H, Boatner L A 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 172108
[12] Vlasenko L S, Watkins G D 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 125210
[13] Clark S J, Segall M D, Pickard C J, Hasnip P J, Probert M I J, Refson K, Payne M C 2005 Z. Kristallogr. 220 567
[14] Xu X G, Zhang D L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Li X Q, Yang H L, Jiang Y 2012 Rare Metals 31 107
[15] Zhang D L, Xu X G, Wang W, Zhang X, Yang H L, Wu Y, Ma C Z, Jiang Y 2012 Rare Metals 31 112
[16] Janotti A, Vander W C G 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 165202
[17] Chen L J, Hou Z F, Zhu Z Z, Yang Y 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 2229 (in Chinese) [陈丽娟, 侯柱锋, 朱梓忠, 杨勇 2003 52 2229]
[18] Erhart P, Albe K, Klein A 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 205203
[19] Mapa M, Sivaranjani K, Bhange D S, Saha B, Chakraborty P, Viswanath A K, Gopinath C S 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 565
[20] Look D C, Hemsky J W, Sizelove J R 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2552
[21] Shen X C 2002 Semiconductor Spectroscopy and Optical Properties (Beijing: Science Press) pp136-137 (in Chinese) [沈学础 2002 半导体光谱和光学性质(第二版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第136–137页]
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