Influence of the observation distance on the lightning channel temperature studied by means of spectroscopic diagnosis

Wang Rui-Yan; Yuan Ping; Cen Jian-Yong; Wang Xue-Juan; Wang Jie

doi:10.7498/aps.63.099203

Abstract

The spectra for first return strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning discharge were obtained by a slit-less spectrograph at the Qinghai plateau of China. In this paper, the effect of the observation distance on diagnosis results of channel temperature was calculated and discussed by applying the Beer-Lambert law and considering the attenuation of spectral line intensity in transmission. Results show that there is some difference in channel temperature obtained at different observation distances. The observation distance is further enlarged, then the temperature obtained will be lower. Furthermore, at further increased distance we take observation, the bigger the error will be. So the correction for the temperature is more important for longer observation distance. According to our calculation and analysis, a semi-empirical formula has been obtained, which shows a relationship between the lightning channel temperature and the observation distance. The influence of the observation distance on lightning channel temperature could be eliminated by using the semi-empirical formula.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11365019), and the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology of Chinese Academy of Science ( Grant No. 2005DP173065-2013-01).

References

[1]	Zhang J C, Yuan P, Ouyang Y H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8287 (in Chinese)[张景川, 袁萍, 欧阳玉花 2010 59 8287]
[2]	Jang R B, Qie X S, Wang C X, Yang J, Zhang Q L, Liu M Y, Wang J F, Liu D X, Pan L X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 079201 (in Chinese)[蒋如斌, 郄秀书, 王彩霞, 杨静, 张其林, 刘明元, 王俊芳, 刘冬霞, 潘伦湘 2011 60 079201]
[3]	Ouyang Y H, Yuan P, Jia X D, Wang X Y, Xue S M 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 084303 (in Chinese)[欧阳玉花, 袁萍, 贾向东, 王小云, 薛思敏 2013 62 084303]
[4]	Zhang G S, Wang Y H, Qie X S, Zhang T, Zhao Y X, Li Y J, Cao D J 2010 Sci. China Earth Sci. 40 523 (in Chinese)[张广庶, 王彦辉, 郄秀书, 张彤, 赵玉祥, 李亚珺, 曹冬杰 2010 中国科学 40 523]
[5]	Zhou B H, Guo J M, Qiu S, Li Y X, Zhu K E 2012 Chinese J. Geophys. 55 1114 (in Chinese)[周璧华, 郭建明, 邱实, 李炎新, 朱凯鄂 2012 地球 55 1114]
[6]	Kong X Z, Qie X S, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Zhang G S, Dong W S 2006 Chinese J. Geophys. 49 993 (in Chinese)[孔祥贞, 郄秀书, 赵阳, 张彤, 张广庶, 董万胜 2006 地球 49 993]
[7]	Lu W T, Chen L W, Ma Y, Rakov V A, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Yin Q Y, Zhang Y J 2013 Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 5531]
[8]	Qu H Y, Yuan P, Zhang H M, Qie X S 2012 Chinese J. Geophys. 55 2508 (in Chinese)[瞿海燕, 袁萍, 张华明, 郄秀书 2012 地球 55 2508]
[9]	Zhao J C, Yuan P, Cen J Y, Liu J G, Wang J, Zhang G S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 163303
[10]	Zhao X Y, Yuan P, Wang J, Shen X Z, Guo Y X, Qiao H Z 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3243 (in Chinese)[赵学燕, 袁萍, 王杰, 申晓志, 郭逸萧, 乔红贞 2009 58 3243]
[11]	Li M, Wu J, Wang L P, Wu G, Han J J, Guo N, Qiu M T 2012 Chin. Phys. B 22 125202
[12]	Nakimana A, Tao H Y, Hao Z Q, Sun C K, Gao X, Lin J Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014209
[13]	Wang D H, Qie X S, Guo C M 2000 Lightning and artifical triggering lightning (Shanghai: Shanghai jiao tong university Press) p10 (in chinese) [王道洪, 郄秀书, 郭昌明 2000 雷电与人工引雷(上海:上海交通大学出版社)第10页]
[14]	Orville R E, Henderson R W 1984 J. Atmos. Sci. 41 3180
[15]	Weidman C, Boye A, Crowell L 1989 J Geophys Res. 94 13249
[16]	Wang X J, Yuan P, Cen J Y, Zhang T L, Xue S M, Zhao J C, Xu H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109201 (in Chinese)[王雪娟, 袁萍, 岑建勇, 张廷龙, 薛思敏, 赵金翠, 许鹤 2013 62 109201]
[17]	Cen J Y, Yuan P, Qu H Y, Zhang T L 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 113506
[18]	Qu H Y, Yuan P, Zhang T L, Chang Z S 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 013504
[19]	Song Z F 1988 laser journal 9 1 (in Chinese) [宋正方 1988 激光杂志 9 1]
[20]	Yang R K, Ma C L, Han X E, Su Z L, Jian T J 2007 Infrared and Laser Engineering 36 415 (in Chinese) [杨瑞科, 马春林, 韩香娥, 苏振玲, 鉴佃军 2007 红外与激光工程 36 415]
[21]	Gan X J, Guo J, Wang B, Fu Y Y 2006 Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology 29 8 (in Chinese) [甘新基, 郭劲, 王兵, 付有余2006 长春理工大学学报 29 8]
[22]	McCartney E J (translated by Pan N X) 1988 Optics of the atmosphere (Beijing: Science Press) pp122-334 (in Chinese) [麦卡特尼E J著 (潘乃先译) 1988大气光学(北京: 科学出版社) 第122–334页]
[23]	Li D, Chen H 2011 Electronic Design Engineering 9 1 (in Chinese)[李娣, 陈辉 2011 电子设计工程 9 1]
[24]	Jia J Z, Song D A, Jia R Y, Si G S 2010 Electronic Information Warfare Technology 25 73 (in Chinese) [贾建周, 宋德安, 贾仁耀, 司贯生 2010 电子信息对抗技术 25 73]
[25]	Kwon T M 2004 Atmospheric Visibility Measurements Using Video Cameras: Relative Visibility p1
[26]	Prueitt M L 1963 J Geophys Res. 68 803
[27]	Uman M A 1964 J. Atmo. Terr Phys. 26 123
[28]	Uman M A, Orville R E, Salanave L E 1964 Atmos. Sci. 21 306
[29]	Uman M A, Orville R E 1965 J Geophys Res. 70 5491
[30]	Griem H R 1964 Plasma Spectroscopy(New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Company) p580
[31]	Lochte-Holtgreven W 1995 Plasma Diagnostics (AIP, California) p178
[32]	Cen J Y, Yuan P, Xue S M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 035001
[33]	Warner T A, Orville R E, Marshall J L, Huggins K 2011 J Geophys Res. 116 D 12210

Cited By

[1]	Zhang J C, Yuan P, Ouyang Y H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8287 (in Chinese)[张景川, 袁萍, 欧阳玉花 2010 59 8287]
[2]	Jang R B, Qie X S, Wang C X, Yang J, Zhang Q L, Liu M Y, Wang J F, Liu D X, Pan L X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 079201 (in Chinese)[蒋如斌, 郄秀书, 王彩霞, 杨静, 张其林, 刘明元, 王俊芳, 刘冬霞, 潘伦湘 2011 60 079201]
[3]	Ouyang Y H, Yuan P, Jia X D, Wang X Y, Xue S M 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 084303 (in Chinese)[欧阳玉花, 袁萍, 贾向东, 王小云, 薛思敏 2013 62 084303]
[4]	Zhang G S, Wang Y H, Qie X S, Zhang T, Zhao Y X, Li Y J, Cao D J 2010 Sci. China Earth Sci. 40 523 (in Chinese)[张广庶, 王彦辉, 郄秀书, 张彤, 赵玉祥, 李亚珺, 曹冬杰 2010 中国科学 40 523]
[5]	Zhou B H, Guo J M, Qiu S, Li Y X, Zhu K E 2012 Chinese J. Geophys. 55 1114 (in Chinese)[周璧华, 郭建明, 邱实, 李炎新, 朱凯鄂 2012 地球 55 1114]
[6]	Kong X Z, Qie X S, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Zhang G S, Dong W S 2006 Chinese J. Geophys. 49 993 (in Chinese)[孔祥贞, 郄秀书, 赵阳, 张彤, 张广庶, 董万胜 2006 地球 49 993]
[7]	Lu W T, Chen L W, Ma Y, Rakov V A, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Yin Q Y, Zhang Y J 2013 Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 5531]
[8]	Qu H Y, Yuan P, Zhang H M, Qie X S 2012 Chinese J. Geophys. 55 2508 (in Chinese)[瞿海燕, 袁萍, 张华明, 郄秀书 2012 地球 55 2508]
[9]	Zhao J C, Yuan P, Cen J Y, Liu J G, Wang J, Zhang G S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 163303
[10]	Zhao X Y, Yuan P, Wang J, Shen X Z, Guo Y X, Qiao H Z 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3243 (in Chinese)[赵学燕, 袁萍, 王杰, 申晓志, 郭逸萧, 乔红贞 2009 58 3243]
[11]	Li M, Wu J, Wang L P, Wu G, Han J J, Guo N, Qiu M T 2012 Chin. Phys. B 22 125202
[12]	Nakimana A, Tao H Y, Hao Z Q, Sun C K, Gao X, Lin J Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014209
[13]	Wang D H, Qie X S, Guo C M 2000 Lightning and artifical triggering lightning (Shanghai: Shanghai jiao tong university Press) p10 (in chinese) [王道洪, 郄秀书, 郭昌明 2000 雷电与人工引雷(上海:上海交通大学出版社)第10页]
[14]	Orville R E, Henderson R W 1984 J. Atmos. Sci. 41 3180
[15]	Weidman C, Boye A, Crowell L 1989 J Geophys Res. 94 13249
[16]	Wang X J, Yuan P, Cen J Y, Zhang T L, Xue S M, Zhao J C, Xu H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109201 (in Chinese)[王雪娟, 袁萍, 岑建勇, 张廷龙, 薛思敏, 赵金翠, 许鹤 2013 62 109201]
[17]	Cen J Y, Yuan P, Qu H Y, Zhang T L 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 113506
[18]	Qu H Y, Yuan P, Zhang T L, Chang Z S 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 013504
[19]	Song Z F 1988 laser journal 9 1 (in Chinese) [宋正方 1988 激光杂志 9 1]
[20]	Yang R K, Ma C L, Han X E, Su Z L, Jian T J 2007 Infrared and Laser Engineering 36 415 (in Chinese) [杨瑞科, 马春林, 韩香娥, 苏振玲, 鉴佃军 2007 红外与激光工程 36 415]
[21]	Gan X J, Guo J, Wang B, Fu Y Y 2006 Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology 29 8 (in Chinese) [甘新基, 郭劲, 王兵, 付有余2006 长春理工大学学报 29 8]
[22]	McCartney E J (translated by Pan N X) 1988 Optics of the atmosphere (Beijing: Science Press) pp122-334 (in Chinese) [麦卡特尼E J著 (潘乃先译) 1988大气光学(北京: 科学出版社) 第122–334页]
[23]	Li D, Chen H 2011 Electronic Design Engineering 9 1 (in Chinese)[李娣, 陈辉 2011 电子设计工程 9 1]
[24]	Jia J Z, Song D A, Jia R Y, Si G S 2010 Electronic Information Warfare Technology 25 73 (in Chinese) [贾建周, 宋德安, 贾仁耀, 司贯生 2010 电子信息对抗技术 25 73]
[25]	Kwon T M 2004 Atmospheric Visibility Measurements Using Video Cameras: Relative Visibility p1
[26]	Prueitt M L 1963 J Geophys Res. 68 803
[27]	Uman M A 1964 J. Atmo. Terr Phys. 26 123
[28]	Uman M A, Orville R E, Salanave L E 1964 Atmos. Sci. 21 306
[29]	Uman M A, Orville R E 1965 J Geophys Res. 70 5491
[30]	Griem H R 1964 Plasma Spectroscopy(New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Company) p580
[31]	Lochte-Holtgreven W 1995 Plasma Diagnostics (AIP, California) p178
[32]	Cen J Y, Yuan P, Xue S M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 035001
[33]	Warner T A, Orville R E, Marshall J L, Huggins K 2011 J Geophys Res. 116 D 12210

[1]	Liu Guo-Rong, Zhu Wei-Jun, Chu Run-Tong, Wang Wei, Yuan Ping, An Ting-Ting, Wan Rui-Bin, Sun Dui-Xiong, Ma Yun-Yun, Guo Zhi-Yan. Diagnosis of lightning return stroke channel temperature according to different band spectra. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(10): 109201. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211673
[2]	Wang Xue-Juan, Xu Wei-Qun, Wang Hai-Tong, Yang Jing, Yuan Ping, Zhang Qi-Lin, Hua Le-Yan, Zhang Yuan-Kan. Spectral features, temperature and electron density properties of lightning M-component. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(9): 099202. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201875
[3]	Zhao Xian-Yu, Qu Xing-Hua, Chen Jia-Wei, Zheng Ji-Hui, Wang Jin-Dong, Zhang Fu-Min. Method of measuring absolute distance based on spectral interferometry using an electro-optic comb. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(9): 090601. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200081
[4]	Zhang Long-Yan, Xu Jin-Liang, Lei Jun-Peng. Size effect on boundary condition at solid-liquid interface in microchannel. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(2): 020201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181876
[5]	Yang Xue, Li Su-Yu, Jiang Yuan-Fei, Chen An-Min, Jin Ming-Xing. Influence of distance between focusing lens and sample surface on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of brass at different sample temperatures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(6): 065201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20182198
[6]	Gou Xue-Qiang, Zhang Yi-Jun, Li Ya-Jun, Chen Ming-Li. Theroy and observation of bidirectional leader of lightning: Polarity asymmetry, instability, and intermittency. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(20): 205201. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181079
[7]	Tan Wen-Hai, Wang Jian-Bo, Shao Cheng-Gang, Tu Liang-Cheng, Yang Shan-Qing, Luo Peng-Shun, Luo Jun. Recent progress in testing Newtonian inverse square law at short range. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(16): 160401. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180636
[8]	Song Yun-Fei, Wang Zhen-Fu, Li Te, Yang Guo-Wen. Efficiency analysis of 808 nm laser diode array under different operating temperatures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(10): 104202. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.104202
[9]	Zhang Li, Zheng Hai-Yang, Wang Ying-Ping, Ding Lei, Fang Li. Characteristics of Raman spectrum from stand-off detection. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(5): 054206. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.054206
[10]	Hou Jia-Jia, Zhao Gang, Tan Wei, Qiu Xiao-Dong, Jia Meng-Yuan, Ma Wei-Guang, Zhang Lei, Dong Lei, Feng Xiao-Xia, Yin Wang-Bao, Xiao Lian-Tuan, Jia Suo-Tang. Experimental researches of laser phase lock with dual-servo feedbacks based on the piezoelectric transducer and fiber electrooptic phase modulator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(23): 234204. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.234204
[11]	Zhang Sen, Tao Xu, Feng Zhi-Jun, Wu Gan-Hua, Xue Li, Yan Xia-Chao, Zhang La-Bao, Jia Xiao-Qing, Wang Zhi-Zhong, Sun Jun, Dong Guang-Yan, Kang Lin, Wu Pei-Heng. Enhanced laser ranging with superconducting nanowire single photon detector for low dark count rate. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(18): 188501. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.188501
[12]	Wu Han-Zhong, Cao Shi-Ying, Zhang Fu-Min, Qu Xing-Hua. Spectral interferometry based absolute distance measurement using frequency comb. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(2): 020601. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.020601
[13]	Zhu Liang-Ming, Li Feng-Hua, Sun Mei, Chen De-Sheng. Source ranging based on frequency band decomposition and distance weighting using a single acoustic vector sensor in shallow water. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(15): 154303. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.154303
[14]	Wu Bin, Zhang Guang-Shu, Wang Yan-Hui, Li Ya-Jun, Fan Xiang-Peng, Yu Hai, Zhang Rong. The multi-parameter observation of lightning M changes in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(18): 189202. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.189202
[15]	Wang Xue-Juan, Yuan Ping, Cen Jian-Yong, Zhang Ting-Long, Xue Si-Min, Zhao Jin-Cui, Xu He. Study on the radius and energy transmission properties of lightning discharge channel by the spectra. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(10): 109201. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.109201
[16]	Zhang Li-Qiong, Li Yan, Zhu Min-Hao, Zhang Ji-Tao. Method on double-pass acousto-optic frequency shifter in absolute distance measurement using Fabry-Pérot interferometry. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(18): 180701. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.180701
[17]	Dong Li-Fang, Yang Li, Li Yong-Hui, Zhang Yan-Zhao, Yue Han. Spatial distributions of the intensity of luminescence and the vibrational temperature of single micro-discharge channel in air dielectric barrier discharge. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(12): 8461-8466. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.8461
[18]	Zhao Xue-Yan, Yuan Ping, Wang Jie, Shen Xiao-Zhi, Guo Yi-Xiao, Qiao Hong-Zhen. Theoretical study on the rule of plasma temperature decay in the process of lightning dissipation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(5): 3243-3247. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.3243
[19]	Dong Li-Fang, Ran Jun-Xia, Mao Zhi-Guo. Temporal evolution of electron excited temperature in micro-discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(5): 2167-2171. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.2167
[20]	WANG SHOU-MIN. INSTANTANEOUS OBSERVATION OF THE SPECTRAL EXCITATION PROCESSES IN THE SPARK. Acta Physica Sinica, 1962, 18(11): 594-599. doi: 10.7498/aps.18.594

Catalog

Vol. 63, Issue 9 - 2014-05-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 6896
PDF Downloads: 535
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板